ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The Greatest Double Agent Ever
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146 ประโยค
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There really is nothing quite like the element of surprise.
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When the Allied forces appeared over the horizon on the morning of D -Day, it completely caught the Nazis off guard.
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They weren't ready for such an enormous attack, at least not here.
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According to German intelligence, an attack was expected to take place 150 miles away in Calais,
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and so most of their troops had been moved to defend that location.
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While the Nazis were defending an empty beach, the Allies stormed their way into Normandy and ultimately went on to win the war.
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The Nazis had been tricked, and it was largely thanks to one man who had spent years trolling them from his own home.
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By feeding them correct but useless information, it led them down rabbit holes, slowed them down, and ultimately tricked them into losing the war.
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This man had no spying experience, and yet with sheer charisma and imagination, he managed to win the trust of Hitler whilst simultaneously becoming
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Britain's best spy.
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Before the outbreak of World War II, Spain was having its own civil war between the Republicans and the nationalists.
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No one despised the war more than Juan Puyol Garcia, a chicken farmer from Barcelona.
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His farm was taken by the government, his mother and sister were kidnapped, and he himself was forced to fight.
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He hated the extremism of both sides, so when World War II came along, he was determined to do something to stop the Nazis.
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He went to the British embassy in Madrid and offered to start spying on the Germans.
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But the Brits were suspicious and turned him down.
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And so Puyol had to come up with a different tactic.
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This time, he went to the German embassy, pretending to be a passionate
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Nazi supporter that worked for the Spanish government.
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At the time, the Germans didn't have a reliable spy network in Britain, and so they desperately needed all the help they could get.
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Puyol was hired.
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They gave him a codebook, a bottle of invisible ink, 3 ,000 pounds in cash,
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and told him to move to London and start spying on the British.
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Instead, he moved to Portugal and simply pretended to be reporting from London.
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Using nothing but a map of Britain and a tourist guide from his local library,
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he started talking about the places he was visiting and the things he was seeing,
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like military training exercises on Lake Windermere and warships leaving the Southwest.
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In between all of the military sightings, he filled his letters with mundane personal details, like going for walks in the center of London,
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visiting local cafes, and even mentioning when he was feeling ill.
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To take things even further, he started creating a network of sub -agents that were supposedly feeding him information from all over the country.
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There was the Swiss -German businessman stationed in Liverpool, the Venezuelan student in Glasgow, the Portuguese man living in Wales,
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and the pilot that had agreed to carry his letters from London.
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Each agent had a detailed backstory and family members that Puyol talked about at length.
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Of course, none of these people actually existed.
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But if the Germans ever called him out on anything, his sub -agents could take the blame, since they were the ones reporting the information.
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Each letter was so long and so detailed that the Germans started to believe him.
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They even started sending $500 a month to pay for his network of agents.
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That's $11 ,000 in today's money.
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But this was only the beginning.
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So far, the Germans were impressed with Puyol's work, so they started asking more specific information.
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That's when things took an interesting turn.
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In his third letter, Puyol sent this report back to the Germans.
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A convoy of 18 ships left the port of Liverpool on the 28th of March.
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They were headed for the island of Malta.
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Although Puyol made the whole thing up, by sheer coincidence, a fleet of warships had actually left Liverpool around the same time.
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But before his letter ever reached the Germans, it was intercepted by Britain's intelligence agency, MI5, sending them into panic mode.
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A full -scale manhunt was launched to try to track down this mysterious network of spies, but unsurprisingly, they found nothing.
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It wasn't until they really started reading through Puyol's letters that they saw something odd.
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According to one of Puyol's agents, people in Glasgow will do anything for a liter of wine.
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This sentence gave it all away.
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A liter of wine?
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This really didn't reflect the typical
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Scottish drinking habits, and Britain never used the metric system.
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The Brits then learned that the Germans had actually wasted time
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and resources trying to hunt down Puyol's fake convoy of ships heading to Malta.
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It became clear that whoever was writing these letters, they were feeding the Nazis false information to confuse them, and it was working.
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MI5 were so impressed that they tracked down Puyol and decided to turn him into a real British spy.
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And in April 1942, Puyol moved to London for real and was given the codename Garbo.
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Now, with access to real military information, he was about to take his trolling to the next level.
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The Allies were planning to launch a surprise attack on the north coast of Africa, where Nazi forces were gaining power.
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And so, over the next few months, Garbo started dropping very specific hints, suggesting that an attack was instead being planned for Norway.
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One of his agents saw military mountaineering drills taking place and Canadian troops gathering in the east of Scotland.
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Another agent heard rumors of Russian troops advancing westward.
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Without ever mentioning Norway, he gradually painted the picture that it was the likely target, drawing the attention away from Africa.
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Hitler himself was particularly worried about this attack and ended up moving hundreds of thousands of troops to protect the Norwegian borders.
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Garbo's next move was a stroke of genius.
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With the African invasion set to take place on the 8th of November, Garbo wrote another letter to the Germans,
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this time detailing exactly how the Allies were going to carry out the attack.
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He dated the letter the 1st of November, but purposely held onto it for another week.
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The letter arrived in the hands of the Germans on the 9th, but it was too late.
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The day before, the Allied forces invaded the North African coast with over 100 ,000 men.
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The letter had all the correct details of the invasion, but it was simply too late to be of any use.
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The Germans, however, were amazed by Garbo's work and replied, We are sorry it arrived too late, but your last report was magnificent.
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Over the next several months, Garbo continued adding more members to his network, bringing the total to 27 spies.
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Of course, all of these agents had to be paid, and by the end of 1943,
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the Germans were sending Garbo over $100 ,000 a month to fund his network.
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They were so pleased with the information that he was providing that they stopped hiring new spies in Britain.
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With the network now in full swing, it was time for Garbo's masterpiece, D -Day.
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Managing this whole operation was incredibly difficult, and it would have been a lot easier if he had Udo, today's sponsor.
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d -day landings in normandy were set to be the largest
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invasion ever carried out by sea with more than 2 million soldiers from over 12 different nations, all arriving in over 100 ,000 vehicles.
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Pulling this off without the Germans suspecting a thing would be an enormous challenge, but Britain had the best man for the job.
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To avoid the information from arriving late like last time, the Germans told Garbo to start sending his messages via encrypted
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Morse code instead of letters.
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Garbo would first write his message in Spanish and break up the message into clusters of five characters.
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Then, consulting a code table, he would change each letter to jumble up the message.
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An operator would then start typing out the jumbled message into Morse code, which would be transmitted over radio to the Germans.
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With the ability to now send even more information, Garbo began sowing the seeds of doubt that would make D -Day an enormous success.
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One of Garbo's agents who worked in the London Underground claimed
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that the tunnels were being extended towards the southeast and that ammunition was being moved down the tunnels.
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Another agent saw assault barges gathering at the port of Dover and convoys of Canadian troops arriving in Southampton.
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Garbo himself began inventing an entire army of U .S soldiers and reported large numbers of them gathering in the southeast.
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All of this activity pointed towards a massive attack on Calais, the closest point to England.
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In order to back up Garbo's lies, the Brits started planting real evidence all around the southeast.
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Fake airstrips were cut into fields, and hollow wooden planes were placed at the side.
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German planes started bombing these fake sites, so they knew it was working.
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A gigantic fake oil storage facility was set up in Dover, and photos of King George visiting the site were placed in the local newspaper.
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Hollywood -style movie sets were used to turn modest boats into enormous battleships, and inflatable tanks were placed everywhere.
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They had built up an entire army of fake soldiers,
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vehicles, and supplies that completely distracted the Germans from the real preparation that was going on for Normandy.
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The goal was to convince the Germans that even when the Normandy attacks began, the real and much larger attack would happen later in Calais.
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Amazingly, the British intercepted a conversation between Hitler and a Japanese ambassador, where Hitler mentioned that the first attack was going to be a decoy
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and that they were really preparing for the second attack elsewhere.
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By this point, it was clear that Garbo's messages were now landing directly on Hitler's desk, and he was believing everything.
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Whenever Garbo told them about movement in the Southeast, the Nazis would move the pin on their map.
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They made the crucial decision to move hundreds of thousands of troops to defend Calais.
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That was hundreds of thousands of troops that wouldn't be in Normandy.
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June 5th, one day before D -Day.
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Although the German radio operators usually signed off at 11 .30, Garbo insisted that tonight they should listen out for a message at 3 a .m.
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Big news was expected from one of his sub -agents.
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At 3 a .m., Garbo reported that vomit bags and rations had been handed out to soldiers.
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This could only mean one thing.
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The attack was about to happen.
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But hours went by and no response was received.
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The Germans had gone to sleep.
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The Allies rocked up to Normandy at 6 .30, completely undercover, outnumbering the Germans by more than three to one.
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It was a brutal day, but the Allies managed to secure their entrance into France, and over the next six weeks,
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continued piling troops, vehicles, and supplies in through the beaches of Normandy.
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Amazingly, the Nazis refused to move more troops to Normandy, and in fact, ended up sending more to defend Calais,
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waiting for the second attack that would never come.
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Every letter, every detail, every lie, and every truth had bamboozled the Germans, and it allowed the Allies to recapture Europe and win the war.
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Despite the defeat, Hitler was so impressed with Garbo's messages that he was awarded the Iron Cross.
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At the same time, Britain awarded him an OBE, making him the only person to receive war medals from both sides of the same war.
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After the war, Puyol feared that the Nazis would be looking for him, and so he faked his own death and moved to Venezuela.
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And just like that, he was gone.
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Amazingly, this whole story would have never been told if it hadn't been for Nigel West, a writer from London.
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He was determined to track Garbo down, and so he got hold of a Barcelona phone directory and called every Juan Garcia in the area.
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As you can imagine, there were many.
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Eventually, one of Garbo's nephews picked up the phone and helped him make contact with Garbo.
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Forty years had gone by, but after a lot of convincing, Garbo eventually agreed to come over to Europe,
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where he visited Normandy and realized just how many lives he had saved.
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Thanks for watching, and I'll see you in the next video.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “The Greatest Double Agent Ever” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: German, Garbo, letter, attack, agent วิดีโอนี้มี 129 ประโยค และ 2253 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 12:54 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 175 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน มีเพียง 81% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| spy คำนาม | /spaɪ/ | สายลับ, จารชน |
| ally คำนาม | /ˈæl.aɪ/ | พันธมิตร |
| defend คำกริยา | /dɪˈfɪnd/ | ป้องกัน |
| enormous คำคุณศัพท์ | /ɪˈnɔː.məs/ | มหึมา |
| southeast คำนาม | /sawˈθɪjst/ | ตะวันออกเฉียงใต้, อาคเนย์ |
| arrive คำกริยา | /əˈɹaɪv/ | มา, ถึง |
| invasion คำนาม | /ɪnˈveɪʒən/ | การบุกรุก, การรุกราน |
| hire คำกริยา | /ˈhaɪɹ/ | จ้าง |
| tunnel คำนาม | /ˈtʌn(ə)l/ | อุโมงค์ |
| embassy คำนาม | /ˈɛmbəsi/ | สถานทูต, สถานเอกอัครราชทูต |
| intercept คำกริยา | /ɪntɚˈsɛpt/ | สกัดกั้น |
| litre คำนาม | /ˈli.tɚ/ | ลิตร |
| element คำนาม | /ˈɛləmənt/ | ธาตุ |
| desk คำนาม | /dɛsk/ | โต๊ะ, โต๊ะทำงาน |
| entrance คำนาม | /ˈɛn.tɹəns/ | ทางเข้า |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| carry out คำกริยา | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | กระทำ |
| pick up คำกริยา | ยก, หยิบ |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 9 ครั้ง เช่น didn't, doesn't, don't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: southeast /sawˈθɪjst/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, sheer /ʃɪɚ/, preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, imagination /ɪˌmæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/, operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/, administrative /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɹə.tɪv/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, ambassador /æmˈbæs.ə.dɚ/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: enormous /ɪˈnɔː.məs/, arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, impress /ɪmˈpɹɛs/, convince /kənˈvɪns/, tunnel /ˈtʌn(ə)l/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: arrive /əˈɹaɪv/, invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, convoy /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/, convince /kənˈvɪns/, administrative /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɹə.tɪv/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/, ease /iz/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, horizon /həˈɹaɪ.zən/, supposedly /səˈpoʊ̯.zɪd.li/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง spy, ally, defend เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ