ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The Deepest Point in the World: Crash Course Geology #12
เลือกโหมดฝึก
แต่ละโหมดจะเปิดห้องฝึกแบบเต็มจอ
135 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
1
It's about to get freaky.
2
Gargantuan tube worms, foot-long clams, shrimp with eyes that can detect radiation, and I'm not talking about the special at Red Lobster.
3
These are just a few of the stranger-than-fiction creatures you can find in the deep, dark depths of the ocean.
4
The ocean is teeming with life, even its most hostile parts.
5
It fosters the most spectacular and diverse life forms imaginable, including us.
6
Just because we live on land doesn't mean we're not homies with their salty neighbors, okay?
7
So how does she do it?
8
What makes the ocean so lifey?
9
Hi, I'm Sage, and this is Crash Course Geology.
10
The ocean!
11
More than 70% of our planet is covered in this enormous salty plankton-filled wonderland.
12
Seriously, there's a lot of plankton in there.
13
We've been fascinated by this massive body of water for centuries.
14
One of the earliest studies of the ocean started in 1872
15
when the British HMS Challenger hit the seas for a 1,250-day journey that covered over 68,000 nautical miles.
16
You could consider it an early feat of oceanography, the study of physics, chemistry, biology, and geology of the oceans.
17
Later, tools like sonar, submarine satellites, and submersibles let us gather data from above and send stuff below.
18
Everything from cameras to robots to Titanic director James Cameron.
19
Voluntarily, of course, he was really vibing down there.
20
So today we know quite a bit about the ocean.
21
And it isn't just one uniform mass of salt water.
22
Some parts are way saltier than others, or way hotter or way colder.
23
Some parts are home to thousands of species, while others support almost none at all.
24
And when it comes to the seafloor, it's not just flat and sandy.
25
There's a lot going on with the ocean's bathymetry, or the topography of the ocean floor.
26
Now I can't take you on a tour of it.
27
The crash course budget is a little too tight for a full-on submersible, but I bet I know someone who would make the trip.
28
Duane, you want to go on a little adventure?
29
Duane starts his journey on the coast, where the land meets the sea.
30
As he strikes out onto the sea floor, he'll roll along the continental shelf, a part of the ocean floor that's still continental crust.
31
stretched out and topped with a thick layer of sediment accumulated over thousands of years.
32
Continental crust is thicker and more buoyant than oceanic crust, so it floats higher on top of the mantle.
33
Combined with the thick layer of sediments, the ocean is shallower on the shelf, usually less than 200 meters deep.
34
Here you'll find algae, seaweed, and tons of different kinds of fish and sea creatures.
35
From here, things go downhill fast.
36
That's the continental slope, the transition zone between the continental shelf and the deeper basin of the ocean.
37
It's made of thinner, denser oceanic crust.
38
A few kilometers under the surface, it starts to smooth out again, in an area called the Continental Rise, a zone of sediments accumulated at the base of the slope.
39
And when Duane hits the end, he'll find himself in.. the abyss.
40
Or at least, the abyssal plain.
41
No, don't worry, pal.
42
You have location sharing on.
43
We won't lose you out there.
44
The abyssal plain is the flat-ish bottom of the ocean basin.
45
It's mostly made of volcanic rock called basalt and covered in a layer of sediment.
46
It tends to hover around 4.5 kilometers deep.
47
Here, it's hard for much of anything to survive.
48
It's cold, it's dark, and the pressure is up to 600 times what it is on the surface.
49
It's okay, Dwayne can handle it.
50
Regardless of where you dive in, there are plenty of cool landforms to explore under the sea.
51
Like submarine canyons.
52
When the sea level is low, they're carved by rivers cutting through the continental shelf and slope.
53
Then they're deepened by submarine avalanches called turbidity currents.
54
And there are underwater volcanoes called seamounts where violent submarine volcanic eruptions built up mountains on the sea floor.
55
You'll find lots of unique sea life here, from bubblegum coral and squat lobsters to loggerhead sea turtles and rare psi whales.
56
Alright buddy, time to come to the surface.
57
Come on out of the water!
58
Now, Duane just took a trip along a passive margin, which is where the continental crust meets an oceanic crust on the same tectonic plate.
59
Pretty chill.
60
But if he had toured, say, South America's western coast, he would have found a much narrower continental shelf at an active margin.
61
That's the edge of a tectonic plate where lots of earthquakes rattle the sea floor.
62
Yeah, I'm not gonna put you through that, bud.
63
And there are other things I'd worry about if Duane had kept wandering the bottom of the ocean, like hydrothermal vents.
64
They're underwater chimneys as high as 55 meters
65
that send up blackened plumes of particles and water hot enough to melt solid metal.
66
Can you imagine if that's what happened when they picked a new pope?
67
Hydrothermal vents are created by plate tectonics, the theory that Earth's outermost layer is broken up into chunks, called tectonic plates, that move across the mantle.
68
We got way more into plate tectonics in an earlier episode, but the important thing to note today is that it plays a big role in marine geology.
69
One place hydrothermal vents form is where oceanic plates pull apart.
70
Here's Here's how that happens.
71
At these divergent boundaries, lava erupts in the gaps and then cools and hardens into new oceanic crust, or seafloor.
72
All that tectonic movement can crack deep fissures in the crust, where water and magma mix.
73
The liquid heats up, dissolving minerals from the surrounding rocks.
74
And when that superheated fluid comes back up and meets the frigid temperatures at the seafloor, the minerals form stubby spires and towering chimneys. And voila!
75
A hydrothermal vent!
76
You'll find a lot of them along underwater mountain ranges called mid-ocean ridges.
77
Hydrothermal vents pump heat from deep in the Earth into the oceans, creating hot, mineral-rich zones for super weird creatures to call home.
78
That and the fact that these vents are often so deep in the ocean that there's no light for photosynthesis.
79
Instead, bacteria are chemosynthetic, meaning they feed on the chemicals from the vents, and they serve as the base for the food chain there.
80
Two-meter-long tube worms, orange-shelled mussels, and fuzzy crabs all happily thrive around hydrothermal vents.
81
Marine geologists study these ecosystems to try to figure out how life began on Earth, and how it might exist on other planets.
82
Like, some research has found primitive microorganisms living by hydrothermal vents, a sign that life could have started in those environments.
83
And if chemical-eating organisms can exist in hostile Earth environments, maybe they can survive elsewhere in the solar system, too.
84
Hydrothermal vents can also form convergent boundaries, where a continental plate and an oceanic plate collide, plunging one into the mantle beneath the other.
85
That process creates a trench, which forms as one plate dives beneath the other, bending the seafloor to create a deep V-shaped depression.
86
And if that happens with two oceanic plates, the trench is massive.
87
That's how we got the Challenger Deep, the deepest point in the world, located in the Pacific's Mariana Trench.
88
It reaches nearly 11,000 meters below sea level,
89
so deep that Mount Everest could fit inside with room to spare.
90
Well, at least that's how deep we think it is, because it turns out measuring it is surprisingly difficult.
91
Since the HMS Challenger, we've been trying to measure it, starting with a weighted rope and then graduating to sonar technology in the 50s.
92
The most accurate estimates as of filming in 2026 came from a series of submersible dives in 2020, which clocked it at 10,935 meters deep.
93
But it's hard to know for sure.
94
We can't exactly drop a yardstick down there to get an exact answer.
95
What we do know is that just like at hydrothermal vents, life exists in deep sea trenches.
96
And that life is weird with a capital W.
97
We're talking transparent sea cucumbers, saucer-sized single-celled organisms, and shrimp-like critters that eat sunken wood.
98
But the ocean's geology doesn't just create hot spots for life on the sea floor.
99
It affects life everywhere on Earth, especially through currents.
100
Currents are continuous, directed oceanic movements that carry water across the globe.
101
They're driven by wind, water density, tides, and Earth's rotation, and they're affected by bathymetry, which can change their speed and direction.
102
For example, about three million years ago, tectonic shifts formed the Isthmus of Panama, which connected North and South America.
103
This stretch of land deflected the warm, salty ocean current that once flowed through the gap.
104
It redirected that water northward, which warmed up Europe.
105
And currents can have a cooling effect, too, like when Antarctica broke off from South America.
106
This allowed frigid waters to circle the continent, creating a barricade for warmer waters and chilling Antarctica into the frozen landscape we know today.
107
One of the most important contributions of ocean currents is the distribution of nutrients.
108
Upwelling currents bring nutrient-rich waters from deep in the ocean upward to feed microorganisms at the base of marine food webs.
109
Currents can even move animals themselves, like a watery superhighway, distributing populations of everything from plankton to fish eggs to sea turtle hatchlings,
110
influencing how these creatures evolve.
111
Oceans pump tons of water around the globe in a so-called global conveyor belt of currents, mostly driven by changes in temperature and saltiness.
112
Basically, water that's saltier and colder is more dense and sinks, traveling along the deep ocean bottom,
113
while water that's less salty and warmer is less dense and upwells.
114
But as we unleash greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,
115
arctic temperatures are warming, which means ocean waters are cooling slower and glaciers are melting faster, flushing fresh water into the mix.
116
All of that slows down the conveyor belt.
117
The ocean also acts as a huge carbon sink, storing carbon dioxide so that it doesn't warm the atmosphere.
118
That's a massive deal for a lot of reasons.
119
Like, the temperature of the Earth determines what kind of creatures can live here, including us.
120
But as surface water warms and currents slow, the surface waters saturate with carbon dioxide and can't absorb anymore.
121
Many scientists recommend cutting carbon emissions to prevent large-scale disruption of currents and ocean environments.
122
You can learn more about that in Crash Course Climate and Energy.
123
Earth's oceans are still full of mysteries.
124
As of June 2024, we've only mapped about a quarter of the world's seafloor in high resolution.
125
That means there's a whole three quarters that could still be hiding even more creepy little Earth aliens.
126
Dwayne wants to see more of those fuzzy crabs.
127
The ocean is much more than a big pool of salt water, and the seafloor isn't just an underwater sandy beach either.
128
The bottom of the ocean is a maze of slopes, trenches, and formations that show us plate tectonics in action.
129
It creates habitats for creepy creatures and affects the currents that are essential to Earth's climate and life.
130
Our planet wouldn't be the same without it.
131
In our next episode, we'll tackle volcanoes.
132
See you then.
133
Thanks for watching this episode of Crash Course Geology, which was filmed in our studio in Indianapolis, Indiana and was made with the help of all these nice people.
134
If you want to help keep Crash Course free for everyone, forever.
135
You can join our community on Patreon.
ดาวน์โหลดแอป
ทุกอย่างที่ต้องใช้เพื่อพูดได้คล่อง
AI ให้คะแนนการออกเสียงให้คะแนนทุกประโยค
ฝึก IPAเชี่ยวชาญทุกเสียง
คำศัพท์สร้างคลังคำของคุณ
เกมคำศัพท์เล่นไปเรียนไป
ช่องเดียวกัน
B21
The Bicameral Congress: Crash Course Government and Politics #2
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
Crash Course US History Preview
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1What's all the Yellen About? Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve: Crash Course Economics #10
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
How Water Shapes the Land: Crash Course Geology #9
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B24
How Often do Asteroids Hit the Earth?: Crash Course Geology #20
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B210
Crash Course Sex Ed Preview
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Derivatives: Crash Course Physics #2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Indus Valley Civilization: Crash Course World History #2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
Ancient Egypt: Crash Course World History #4
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C12
What is Engineering?: Crash Course Engineering #1
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World History #5
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
C13
The Secret to Business Writing: Crash Course Business - Soft Skills #3
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
Supervised Learning: Crash Course AI #2
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1Why Are US Politics Today So Divisive?: Crash Course US Government #1
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
The Periodic Table: Crash Course Chemistry #4
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
B22
Where Do Diamonds Come From?: Crash Course Geology #8
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C11
Tissues, Part 1: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #2
Cambridge Exam PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Where Did Democracy Come From, and Does It Still Work?
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
The Nucleus: Crash Course Chemistry #1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
Defense Against the Dark Arts of Influence: Crash Course Business Soft Skills #2
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
วิดีโอแนะนำ
B11
20 ประโยค
The Ocean
TOEFL PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B11
37 ประโยค
READING EXPLORER 2 Unit 5B The Stories in the Rocks
TOEFL PrepCambridge Exam PrepHigh School Students
B21
44 ประโยค
COMPLETE FIRST CERTIFICATE 2015 UNIT 7
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B26
74 ประโยค
We Sank A Giant Barge! Onboard Cameras Capture The Seafloor Impact.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
165 ประโยค
Nothing About The Mariana Trench Is Normal... Here's Why
IELTS PrepUniversity Students
B13
21 ประโยค
Reading Explorer Foundation, Unit-4 An Ancient Shipwreck
Cambridge Exam PrepHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B21
172 ประโยค
Why The Entire Ocean Is Terrified of Sperm Whales
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
618 ประโยค
history of the entire world, i guess
University StudentsWorking Adults
B12
51 ประโยค
Antarctica – Virtual Field Trip
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B15
314 ประโยค
Learn English with Finding Nemo
TeensDaily ConversationHigh School Students
เกี่ยวกับบทเรียนนี้
ในการเรียนรู้วันนี้ เราจะสำรวจโลกของทะเลลึกและความหลากหลายของชีวิตในมหาสมุทรจากวิดีโอที่น่าสนใจนี้ คุณจะได้เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับลักษณะของมหาสมุทร และสิ่งมีชีวิตที่แปลกประหลาดที่อาศัยอยู่ในที่ลึกลับนี้ อาทิเช่น หนอนท่อขนาดใหญ่และหอยที่ยาวกว่าเท้า คุณจะได้ฝึกการฟังและการพูดในบริบทที่น่าตื่นเต้น และสามารถนำไปใช้ในการสนทนาเกี่ยวกับธรรมชาติและสิ่งแวดล้อมได้
คำศัพท์และวลีสำคัญ
- มหาสมุทร (ocean)
- สิ่งมีชีวิตแปลกประหลาด (strange creatures)
- เลเยอร์ของตะกอน (layer of sediment)
- ความดันสูง (high pressure)
- พื้นทะเล (ocean floor)
- ความลึก (depth)
- การสำรวจ (exploration)
- การศึกษา (study)
เคล็ดลับในการฝึกฝน
เพื่อเพิ่มทักษะการพูดของคุณ คุณสามารถใช้เทคนิค ชาโดว์อิ้ง ได้ในบริบทนี้ โดยการฟังวิดีโอนี้อย่างตั้งใจและพยายามเลียนแบบเสียงพูดและจังหวะของผู้บรรยาย คุณสามารถทำได้โดยการหยุดวิดีโอเป็นระยะๆ และพูดตามเสียงที่ได้ยิน ซึ่งจะช่วยให้คุณจับจังหวะของการพูดและการออกเสียงได้ดีขึ้น ลองสังเกต intonation และอารมณ์ในเสียงพูดว่าเป็นอย่างไร การทำแบบนี้จะช่วยพัฒนาทักษะการสื่อสารของคุณให้ดีขึ้นและเป็นธรรมชาติมากยิ่งขึ้น
อย่าลืมว่าการ shadow speak ไม่ได้จำกัดอยู่แค่การพูดตาม แต่ยังรวมถึงการทำความเข้าใจความหมายของคำและวลีที่คุณกำลังฝึก เพื่อให้คุณสามารถพูดคุยเกี่ยวกับหัวข้อที่คุณสนใจได้อย่างมั่นใจและคล่องแคล่วมากขึ้น การเรียนรู้ผ่านวิดีโอที่น่าสนใจเช่นนี้เป็นวิธีที่ดีในการกระตุ้นความอยากรู้และความสนใจในภาษาอังกฤษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | someone who would · margin, which is · bathymetry, which can |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is covered · We've been fascinated · are created |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | We've been fascinated · has found · we've only mapped |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ