ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: This Carbon Emissions Video Also Doubles as Economic Development… and That’s Awkward
เลือกโหมดฝึก
แต่ละโหมดจะเปิดห้องฝึกแบบเต็มจอ
471 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
1
this map changes
2
so much the world map sized by carbon emissions this is
3
the world map with one change every country's area now matches
4
the carbon dioxide it emits each year not the ground it covers watch the
5
so we're going to be focused heavily on europe
6
and then the u .s and
7
that is where well the industrial revolution takes place the first
8
80 years of it for most of those 80 years there
9
was one country on this map even now in 1830 britain is about three quarters of the world's recorded emissions
10
and everything else look at
11
that 63 compared to second place france at six that's crazy has only just arrived the shapes
12
that have arrived are belgium france and the german states
13
and between them they what's interesting about this you know i know
14
that we're looking at this from a carbon emission standpoint
15
but it's also a development standpoint in these early days you know the more you're emitting the likelier
16
that your country is going to be richer powerful
17
or it's a it's a weird marriage it's really awkward to talk about
18
and we're gonna have to talk about that here
19
but certainly in these days your country was better off on average
20
if you were if you had more emissions i mean
21
that that's just facts hold about a fifth of the total
22
the one worth looking at is belgium a country of roughly
23
four million people holds about five percent of world emissions because that's interesting that australia popped up for a second there.
24
Now, remember, Australia is under the British Empire, so that is a factor in all of this.
25
We have Spain, Sweden, Hungary, Austria, Poland.
26
Is Poland even around right now?
27
Poland shouldn't be around right now, or at least not in the way that we see it today.
28
The U .S is only in fifth place.
29
I mean, we only got our independence about six decades prior.
30
We will be climbing up on this list quite a bit.
31
Now, in these days, is there that much carbon emission no there's just not because
32
if you think it's a lot now just wait
33
but yeah belgium in third place crazy coal fields of wallonia
34
industrialized before anywhere else on the continent yep china does not appear yep
35
so wallonia a member
36
that belgium has broken down into wallonia uh flanders it's a
37
it's a frankenstein nation on this map until 1907 germany does not exist currently it is the german states uh
38
but germany will be existing right now it's prussia trying to unite everybody that's going to happen in like three
39
or four decades japan arrives in 1868
40
and india in 1858 gray here is what japan arrives okay
41
so you can see a really disgusting map back there uh
42
but you can't really tell what the heck is even going on i can kind of make out japan
43
and maybe india this is australia new zealand south america why is why is oh france is in french guyana
44
that barely counts it's not like the french guyana territory is
45
uh has a bunch of carbon emissions right now I think it's just they are included in the whole of France.
46
But, yes, also Berlin conference coming up for decades.
47
That's when Europe carves out Africa.
48
So the map is going to supposed to change.
49
I don't think this map is going to do that.
50
This looks very much like a modern day map.
51
No seven.
52
Japan arrives anywhere else on the continent.
53
China does not appear on this map until 1907.
54
China does not appear until 1907, which they are deep into their century of humiliation.
55
In fact, it's only going to get worse because they're going to enter their warlord period.
56
Japan arrives in 1868.
57
That's crazy.
58
So yeah, Japan is just now beginning their whole empire days.
59
And okay, we're going to start, you know, hey, look what Europe is doing.
60
Copy that homework.
61
Just change it up a little bit.
62
India in 1858.
63
India in 1858.
64
Wow.
65
But again, India is who, where in, where in terms of the world, they are the British Raj.
66
They are under the British crown.
67
Gray here does not mean a country emitting nothing.
68
It means a country nobody was counting yet.
69
Britain really was the largest coal burner on Earth.
70
And the British are likelier, likely to probably be managing, maybe, at least just having the data of counting this stuff.
71
So that's probably why we did see Australia for a second there
72
and why we will see India kind of earlier than some of these other nations, only because maybe, I don't know, I'm just guessing, the British were probably tracking this within their own empire by a wide margin.
73
It had coal lying close to the surface and pits
74
that flooded as they went deeper and from 1712 it had a steam pump that cleared the water by burning coal.
75
The pump wasted most - This is just funny because Turkey came up with, they could have industrialized before everybody else.
76
Have you heard that story?
77
Their kebab spinner or something like that.
78
They were ahead of the game.
79
They just didn't realize it.
80
Most of what it burned, which mattered less than it sounds
81
because the fuel was already lying underneath it there is a
82
pattern look at this man the uk just passed up 100
83
c 100 million co2 emissions their first place second place france at just 20 of that That's crazy.
84
Now, the U .S is going to skyrocket.
85
What's going on in the U .S.?
86
I think we just finished up or wrapping up the Mexican -American War.
87
So we're expanding a bunch of territory.
88
We're going to have to fight our own civil war.
89
But after that, we're really going to explode.
90
Which countries appear on this map.
91
Almost every one of them sits on a coal field because industrialization travels along the geology first and across borders second.
92
So the map fills in as a scatter of coal basins rather than a wave.
93
Britain is down to 62 percent by 1850 and not because Britain burned less.
94
Its emissions had almost quadrupled in 50 years, and everybody else had simply started too.
95
Five years later,
96
the British share drops below half for the first time,
97
and by the early 1860s, it has settled below and stays there.
98
Bro, this is why we name an entire era of history after the Queen of Britain, the Victorian era, Queen Victoria.
99
Like, man, can you imagine how powerful the British Empire was over everybody else?
100
Kind of terrifying.
101
Man, they really went unchecked for about 200 years there.
102
The British Empire was so powerful.
103
The story is no longer about one country growing, but about how many countries join it.
104
The shape that rises fastest is the United States.
105
American coal was no better than British coal.
106
There was simply.
107
OK, so it's funny.
108
We were showing Alaska in the map prior to this, but we didn't.
109
We just got Alaska.
110
Like all things considered, we just got Alaska from the Russians.
111
Funny enough.
112
Far more of it under a continent being laid with railway at the same time.
113
British emissions kept rising through all of this and roughly doubled again over.
114
So now the U .S is going to explode, explode.
115
Reconstruction.
116
The Civil War is over.
117
This is when the U .S is really going.
118
Oh, we already have.
119
My bad.
120
I already missed it.
121
My bad.
122
Yeah, I mean, you can see they're in second place now, but we're only half behind the UK, whereas like 10 seconds ago in the video, we were 25 % behind.
123
So look at the explosion that occurs basically right after the Civil War ends.
124
1864, we've got one more year left.
125
Coal was no better than British coal.
126
There was simply far more of it.
127
Again, carbon emissions is one way to look at it, but it is industrialization that's really happening.
128
Under a continent being laid with railway at the same time.
129
British emissions kept rising through all of this and roughly doubled again over the same 30 years, yet the British share still fell by nearly half.
130
It's crazy considering the massive size of Russia right now on the map.
131
They're the Russian Empire, and yet they really are not very developed at all.
132
So 1871 is an interesting, 1877 is an interesting time to pause on, Only because, in my opinion, the Brits, the Eye of Sauron, who is the British Empire,
133
their focus goes from the Russian Empire to now Germany, who is now unified, and Germany, who's also in third place.
134
Germany and the Italians basically unify in the middle of Europe right around the same time.
135
So the Brits are now extremely concerned about Germany, and they're going to be even more concerned about Germany as their industrialization continues and their carbon emission also increases as well.
136
They're no longer worried about Russia i mean look at russia russia is
137
so unindustrialized i mean you really really really gonna see just
138
how tough the russians really had it um basically up until well i don't know i the 1950s
139
that is what it looks like
140
when a country stops being the only one doing something by
141
1880 the united states holds 23 percent of world emissions against britain's 35
142
and the gap is closing every year yep in 1888
143
and this is uh again i mean the world knew
144
that we were going to catch well maybe not that's kind of crazy to say
145
but there are thoughts that france um knew
146
that we would catch the british eventually that's why uh
147
when they sold louisiana to us you know french louisiana territory um a lot of the world knew
148
that or at least hoped that the u .s would eventually surpass britain in power
149
because remember even at 1882 i mean the u .s is just this we're still kind of up
150
and coming and it is the british
151
that in a lot of europeans eyes they are still the
152
bad guy the united states passes britain it slips back once
153
and from 1890 it holds the top of this map bam officially in 1888
154
so crazy um yeah something i'm thinking about is you know industrialization uh ends up making cities massive
155
and uh some big ones being uh london
156
and new york those are some some huge ones oh canada's enter the list
157
so there you go canada again part of the british empire
158
but uh but yes
159
so no australia without interruption for 116 years the center of the map has crossed the atlantic
160
but europe has not shrunk germany france belgium
161
and the coal fields of what is now poland are all still growing
162
and together they keep europe the largest well poland doesn't exist
163
right now it is split between russian territory russian empire territory
164
and german empire territory
165
but yes emitting region for two more decades at the turn
166
of the century the world emits nearly two billion tons a year the united states holds 34 of
167
that britain 21 and germany 17
168
so the turn of the century 1901 uh certainly at this
169
point we are looking very powerful here in the u .s
170
i mean geez look at those carbon emissions three countries hold
171
about 70 it's ironic again it's it's it's weird to talk about uh
172
but they go hand in hand i don't know how to
173
say it like the carbon emissions signify huge development that's going on uh compared to the 1700s obviously um
174
but we also are gonna have to bring up this subject
175
when the rest of the world catches up to europe
176
and north america because we're going to see that we're gonna see
177
that out of china india brazil uh basically you know everyone
178
after world war ii of the map between them europe as a whole is 61 percent of world emissions at
179
that point and 50 years later it is 41 look at this
180
so germany is about to catch the the uk
181
which is a big reason why you know there's a lot of theories
182
that world war one was going to happen regardless regardless
183
if you kill an austrian habsburg by a serbian nationalist uh there was there was a need
184
because there was a rising power versus a already power on top
185
that was germany the rising power and the uk power on top fall is not a decline in european emissions, which nearly double over the same period.
186
Europe as a whole is 61 percent of world emissions at that point.
187
And 50 years later, it is 41.
188
The fall is not a decline in European emissions, which nearly double over the same period, but arithmetic.
189
Yeah, yeah.
190
So the same thing like he was saying.
191
OK, so World War One is about to break out.
192
First World War shows up as a dip rather.
193
So we have less emissions during the war, nearly double over the same.
194
Is that who is
195
that South Africa okay again I really wonder like are we just is it just
196
because well I don't know Britain is probably not only gathering data inside of their empire better
197
but you know probably aiding their own colonies to industrialize more than others
198
so Berlin conference has already happened you know we've already carved
199
up Africa yet you don't see anybody in Africa I mean maybe there's like a dot for Egypt is
200
that even is that well maybe maybe not yet maybe
201
when the British fully control egypt essentially
202
but yeah it's just south africa the whole continent though is basically occupied by european powers period
203
but arithmetic the first world war shows up as a dip
204
rather than a change of shape emissions fall in its opening year recover
205
and fall again at the end of the decade and the shapes
206
that shrink are european there it is it's really fast though
207
and then it explodes i see the dip slash basically when you're zoomed out like this it's kind of a stagnation, it looks like.
208
The First World War shows up.
209
Look at where Japan is.
210
So Japan is very clearly shown that they are a new power here.
211
In 1914, they have the Korean Peninsula, and they have Taiwan.
212
And the empire is going to grow even more after World War I when they choose to be on the winning side.
213
There's a dip rather than a change of shape.
214
Emissions fall in its opening year, recover and fall again at the end of the decade, and the shapes that shrink are european ones
215
which grow back within a few years the 1930s are a deeper fall uh yeah
216
because great depression um yeah
217
so world war one is over um you know europe is in chaos the interwar period between world war one
218
and world war two absolute insanity in terms of conflict people underestimate
219
that time period
220
but we're having a great time in the u .s i
221
mean this is the roaring 20s you know the gilded age
222
is looking fantastic over here for us that's all going to come crashing down but But look at this.
223
Look at how much more we are emitting compared to the second place, the U .K.
224
Wall Street crash of 1920.
225
Germany's really not that far behind.
226
Oh, Germany's in second.
227
Wait, was Germany not just in second?
228
Germany stayed in second even post -World War I.
229
Within a few years.
230
That's crazy.
231
The 1930s are a deep.
232
Oh, OK.
233
So U .K catches up.
234
The Wall Street.
235
Then Germany passes them again.
236
The crash of 1929.
237
Germany as the Weimar Republic, by the way, they haven't voted in the crazy Austrian man.
238
Turns into the Great Depression world emissions dropped by about a quarter in three years
239
and the american shape goes from 46 percent of the map to 39 the second world war does something
240
so boom great depression so do we see u .s numbers actually um buckle
241
and shape goes yes they are going down
242
so boom uh black tuesday 1929 stock market crash 46 percent
243
of the map my goodness we were up like to 1 .8 is it billion carbon emissions uh
244
and then we dropped down to 1 .3 to 39 1
245
.2 by 33 we are starting to catch things up a
246
little bit things are getting a little bit better the second
247
world um i believe fdr franklin roosevelt has taken charge of
248
something stranger to the map the american share reaches 55
249
so 1938 marks uh we're about to start world war ii
250
so the u .s has begun and somewhat climb our way out of the Great Depression.
251
But we still we still have a while to go.
252
Oh, so here's this bar down here.
253
So Europe is still responsible for 47 percent of emissions.
254
And in North America, basically carried by the U .S., even though you can kind of see Canada and Mexico.
255
We are in 41 place.
256
Asia is what's really going to explode by the end of this video.
257
Just wait.
258
In the last year of the fighting, the highest the United States ever reaches.
259
And part of the reason is look at how disproportional is that Trinidad and Tobago, a small island.
260
Now, this is who has that?
261
Somebody has that right now.
262
The German and Japanese industry has stopped running.
263
Global emissions.
264
Damn, we just totally skipped over World War Two.
265
OK, hold on.
266
So we're at five global emissions.
267
And part of the reason is that.
268
And it stagnates for like a year.
269
And then that's it.
270
What does Germany do?
271
In the last year of the fighting, the highest the United States ever reaches.
272
And it slows down, but it's still up.
273
The reason is that Germany, the British lose.
274
And Japanese industry has stopped running.
275
Global emissions reach five point eight.
276
So 1947, World War II is over.
277
Germany's split up, in fact.
278
And Japan has been nuked twice.
279
The Cold War is basically going on right now.
280
But look, the Russians took three minutes into this video to reach, what, fourth place?
281
I mean, they weren't there before.
282
Yeah, when did they reach fourth place?
283
I don't even know.
284
But that took them a second.
285
Billion tons a year at mid -cent.
286
And Russia is supposed to be the second world power, funny enough, which I mean, they are.
287
They definitely are at this point.
288
But three and the United States alone is 44 percent of that.
289
So watch China, not even in the top 10.
290
And I paused it perfectly.
291
China, 1949.
292
What happens?
293
China's civil war over.
294
The communists have won.
295
Get ready for that.
296
Get ready for China.
297
No country will ever hold that larger share of this map again.
298
What comes next is the fastest growth on this map since Britain built the first engine.
299
And there it is.
300
Do we, I'll be honest, I thought we had to wait a little bit longer than that.
301
I had to wait like three seconds.
302
And already, once the Chinese Civil War is wrapped up, also another thing that's wrapped up is the Korean conflict in the Korean Peninsula.
303
China has helped North Korea sustain itself.
304
But now China is in seventh place.
305
World emissions past 10 billion.
306
Also, another marking, India's got their independence.
307
Pakistan's got their independence.
308
East Pakistan or Bangladesh is still coming.
309
But India is about to explode as well in tons a year in 1964
310
and 20 billion 22 years later the first 10 billion had taken two centuries europe
311
and japan rebuild through these decades
312
and the soviet union industrializes already by the late 60s russia is in second place you know naturally fitting into
313
that second world power at speed the american share falls throughout
314
while american emissions keep rising
315
and by the first oil shock the united states is 29 of the map
316
while burning nearly twice what it did in 1950
317
The 1970s bring the first pause in this series that no war or depression explains.
318
Emissions stop rising for about five years after the oil shocks and then resume.
319
Yeah, that oil shock was very real.
320
That really hurt the U .S.
321
Pretty interesting time if you really look at it.
322
You know, dicey time for the Cold War, too, if you are the U .S.
323
Because, my goodness, in another world, maybe we lose the Cold War right there if we really continue to economically struggle within the 80s.
324
But typically it's the Soviets that really struggled in the 80s economically.
325
The pause turns out to have been only a pause.
326
The country that redraws the map after that is China, which in 1980 holds about 8 percent of world emissions and sits third behind the United States and Russia.
327
Yeah, so Deng Xiaoping takes charge, you know, I think in 76, Mao finally dies and, you know, they try to reform and there's special economic zones that are going on.
328
And China is really going to obviously begin their rise.
329
It's going to take them, you know, about 30 years here.
330
They're really going to see the fruits of their labor in the early 2000s.
331
But but it's really it starts here.
332
Population of roughly one billion people, Russia and the Republic.
333
Look at how much South Korea is emitting more than North Korea.
334
Publics around it reach about 11 percent of world emissions over the same period on coal, oil and gas produced inside their own borders.
335
That share holds until the Soviet Union ends, then falls by a third within a decade.
336
Yeah.
337
So 1990 marks Germany's unification.
338
We're not going to see we're not going to see anything happen differently with Germany on this map.
339
But but yeah, and now we're about to see the the Soviet Union collapse.
340
So Ukraine will officially be its own state.
341
European emissions peak in 1990 and then fall by two fifths, which is the first sustained decline any region shows on this map.
342
German emissions roughly halve over the same stretch and Britain's fall further still.
343
Two shapes shrink across these years for different reasons.
344
Japan holds about five percent of world emissions for three decades and then falls as its economy stops growing.
345
Yes, the 80s were a great time for Japan.
346
Japan is like the second biggest economy in the world, and again, for a third time, I just want to say, ironically, this is really strange how like, you know, I know that we're looking at carbon emissions,
347
but there is a direct relation to the country kind of developing, economically speaking, as well, so it's like, it's weird to look at this map and be like,
348
hey, carbon emissions are good.
349
But it does pull a lot of countries out of poverty, you know what I mean?
350
I mean, there's no doubt about that.
351
So that's the ironic part.
352
Now, we can look at it now, now that we are seeing more industrialization around the world, and we can be like, okay, we probably should stop doing this.
353
But yes, the 80s were a great time for Japan as the Japanese economy almost, it looks like, it's projected to pass up the U .S.
354
People freak out, but the bubble is burst in the 90s, and Japan doesn't recover from that and Britain's fall further still.
355
Two shapes shrink across these years for different reasons.
356
Japan holds about 5 % of world emissions for three decades and then falls as its economy.
357
Yeah, but the rising tiger, the Chinese giant, has been awoken.
358
And as Japan stagnates, China comes in and just sucks all that power up.
359
The economy stops growing, while Germany falls because its industry moves and its power stations change fuel.
360
What China builds over the following 20 years is the physical
361
economy of a country of 1 .4 billion people in steel, cement.
362
So, I mean, at this point, you know, it's not all purely you can you don't.
363
Yeah.
364
Carbon emissions does not equate to straight power.
365
I would say that, you know, we could see U .S.
366
emissions fall certainly.
367
But that doesn't necessarily mean that the U .S is weaker by any means.
368
You know, there's going to be new options now roads, apartment blocks, and power stations at a rate no country had managed before.
369
And China has passed this up in 2006.
370
2008 marks, I think, the world's awakening to how powerful China has actually gotten because people have slept on China for, geez, centuries, you could argue.
371
They've just literally slept on China.
372
And China is back, baby, once those Olympics are held in Beijing.
373
In 2006, China passes the United States, where the American overtaking of Britain took two attempts
374
and a decade of near parity this one happens once
375
and never reverses yeah i mean china's got insane people like way more population um and
376
that certainly is a factor here oh look at saudi arabia
377
in 10th place big oil producer obviously these emissions grow eight times over across
378
that stretch most of it inside 20 years between 2000
379
and 2020 china adds more annual emissions than the united states produces in a year
380
which is the fastest any country has ever been added to this map Africa is the shape that is not there.
381
Jeez, that's crazy.
382
That's a very good point.
383
Like, you can still, like, recognize Latin America.
384
Funny enough, Mexico is easily the most recognizable.
385
Mexico obviously benefits.
386
Well, I don't know.
387
We're looking at carbon emission.
388
But Mexico, well, I guess, yeah, I mean, Mexico benefits in terms of this development being proximity closer to the U .S.
389
Also, the U .S is going to move a lot of their manufacturing to Mexico as we continue onward.
390
The continent holds about 18%.
391
Yeah, Africa, nothing.
392
18 % of the world's people and 4 % of its emissions, which on this map is the difference between a landmass and a thin band along two coasts.
393
Nothing else on the map is that far out of proportion to its population.
394
Three countries you would probably not have named are now above Britain.
395
Indonesia, Turkey, and South Korea each emit more carbon dioxide than the country this map started with.
396
And none of them is in the conversation about who is responsible.
397
You know, and this is an interesting thing.
398
So if you come from the US, you're like carbon emission bad, carbon emission bad.
399
And you're up to as well.
400
But I hear from a lot of these countries.
401
It's like you did it.
402
So why can't we do it?
403
We want to see economic development.
404
We want to see our country become rich and prosperous.
405
So what about us?
406
You know what I mean?
407
I see specifically I see that argument made by Brazilians all the time as well.
408
So that is an interesting argument.
409
You know what I mean?
410
Yeah.
411
A lot of Westerners are like, how dare you?
412
You know, all these countries that are continuing to uh yeah the carbon emission thing
413
but their argument is like well you did it
414
and now it's just our turn
415
so for it the third shape on the map now is india
416
which passed russia in 2009
417
and holds about eight percent of world emissions today on a
418
population slightly larger than china's two shapes here are far larger
419
than their populations would suggest yeah i mean india's got a long way to go
420
because yeah like you said india india's probably going continue to rise for a
421
while um and india yeah india's got more population like he said saudi arabia has fewer people than germany
422
and emits more than germany does and iran emits more than britain
423
and saudi arabia massive energy producer france put together about 37
424
billion tons of carbon dioxide now go into the air each year 63 from just the asia continent
425
which you know asia's massive place biggest continent in the world lots of people live there
426
so i this is probably just more accurate it's it's because
427
so much industrialization started in britain
428
and then you know obviously everyone looks at talks about these maps where like it's a geographical expansion the way that
429
that occurred like the closer to the epicenter of the industrial
430
revolution you were the the closer you were going to be to industrialize here six
431
and a half times the mid -century figure
432
and asia holds some countries skip industrialization i've seen that some people skipped It's.. an industrial revolution.
433
63 % of the map against North America's 16 and Europe's 13.
434
One comparison holds the whole modern map.
435
China emits more carbon dioxide than the United States, India, Russia, and Japan combined, and those four are the countries ranked immediately behind it.
436
That map is annual, and it is worth being clear about what an annual map leaves out.
437
Carbon dioxide stays in the air for centuries, so what has warmed the planet is the sum of every
438
year in this film not the last one add all 275 years together
439
and the ranking changes the united states accounts for 24 of
440
all the fossil carbon dioxide ever emitted china 16 russia 7 germany 5
441
and britain 4 that's interesting so again an argument
442
that china can use hey we can keep emitting for a
443
while we still haven't done the most that the u .s has done europe
444
and north america together are 59 of the cumulative total
445
and 29 of the annual one
446
and those two numbers sit underneath most of the argument at
447
climate negotiations one more thing this map cannot show area here is a country's total
448
so a large country with modest habits looks like a small
449
one with heavy ones per person the united states yes yeah
450
so america's got 330 population china's got 1 .4 billion india's
451
got 1 .4 billion dates emits about 14 tons a year china 9
452
and india 2 two last things about how this map is
453
built the early figures are reconstructions from records of coal mined and traded, not measurements of the air.
454
And the borders are modern ones throughout, so emissions from what is now Germany count as German for every year, including the century in which no German state existed.
455
The map has been redrawn three times in 275 years.
456
It was one island, then a continent, then a country on the other side of the world, and each time the mechanism was the same.
457
Somewhere industrialised at speed on fuel it had underneath it.
458
Britain, where this map began, now emits less than it did a century ago, and it is not the only country here for which that is true.
459
yeah well i mean britain also lost like their entire empire
460
but uh thanks for watching subscribe but yes
461
and then you know obviously the huge movement to stop carbon emission
462
and it's gonna be let me tell you it's gonna be
463
another it's gonna be a rough hundred years i mean this
464
is not just gonna stop you know you can uh it's it's pretty it's pretty crazy there's clean energy
465
but you're not going to convince the entire world to use clean energy.
466
So this is not looking good, to say the least.
467
This is also a factor that I didn't mention, but the beauty of industrial outsourcing.
468
Very cool, very important video by Everything Econ.
469
And thank you to my patrons.
470
If you want your name here, check the link to Patreon down in the description.
471
This is not a username, this is a randomly assorted bunch of letters And Eric Perez Thank you
ดาวน์โหลดแอป
ทุกอย่างที่ต้องใช้เพื่อพูดได้คล่อง
AI ให้คะแนนการออกเสียงให้คะแนนทุกประโยค
ฝึก IPAเชี่ยวชาญทุกเสียง
คำศัพท์สร้างคลังคำของคุณ
เกมคำศัพท์เล่นไปเรียนไป
✨ วิดีโอแนะนำ
B21
198 ประโยค
A Geopolitical Tour of the World
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B267 ประโยค
Can cycling reduce global warming?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
111 ประโยค
🚨 WHY YOU ARE GETTING POORER - Cost Of Living Crisis Accelerates
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
250 ประโยค
Solar Storm Could Black Out Half of America - This Map Shows Where
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
158 ประโยค
Wildfires: ‘Many Thousands’ Of Brits Caught In Spain And France Devastation
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
497 ประโยค
The unstoppable green revolution: Adam Tooze on the "most dramatic story in the history of energy”
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
98 ประโยค
It's spreading... This is Belgium now.
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B214
33 ประโยค
Why Do India And China Have So Many People?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
49 ประโยค
AI & Future Jobs: Skills You NEED Now!
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
277 ประโยค
The New Canadian EV Car Could End the Entire EV Industry!
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
112 ประโยค
Why Americans REFUSE to Dry Clothes Outside
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B23
190 ประโยค
Germany Has Finally Built a Decent Airport
British AccentDaily ConversationWorking Adults
คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B2 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “This Carbon Emissions Video Also Doubles as Economic Development… and That’s Awkward” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: emission, map, china, carbon, germany วิดีโอนี้มี 471 ประโยค และ 5237 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 27:36 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 190 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก 86% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| continent คำนาม | /ˈkɑntɪnənt/ | ทวีป |
| industrialization คำนาม | /ɪnˌdʌstɹɪəlɪˈzeɪʃən/ | การปรับให้เป็นอุตสาหกรรม |
| explode คำกริยา | /ɪkˈsploʊd/ | ระเบิด |
| wrap คำกริยา | /ɹæp/ | ห่อ |
| arithmetic คำนาม | /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/ | เลขคณิต |
| epicentre คำนาม | /ˈɛpɪˌsɛntɚ/ | ศูนย์กลาง |
| buckle คำนาม | /ˈbʌkəl/ | หัวเข็มขัด |
| humiliation คำนาม | /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/ | การฉีกหน้า |
| cumulative คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈkjuːmjʊlətɪv/ | สะสม |
| underestimate คำกริยา | /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/ | ดูถูกดูแคลน |
| insanity คำนาม | /ɪnˈsænɪti/ | ความวิกลจริต, ความบ้า |
| username คำนาม | ชื่อผู้ใช้ | |
| geology คำนาม | /d͡ʒɪˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ | ธรณีวิทยา |
| negotiation คำนาม | /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ | การต่อรอง, การเจรจา |
| nationalist คำนาม | /ˈnæʃ.ə.nə.lɪst/ | ผู้รักชาติ |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| show up คำกริยา | โผล่ |
| break out คำกริยา | แหก |
| bring up คำกริยา | เลี้ยงดู, ฟูมฟัก |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- Have you heard that story?
- I mean, they weren't there before.
- I mean, there's no doubt about that.
- We're looking at carbon emission.
- You know what I mean?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has only just arrived · have arrived · has broken |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | are included · being laid · is now unified |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 66 ครั้ง เช่น we're, don't, gonna ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, industrialization /ɪnˌdʌstɹɪəlɪˈzeɪʃən/, disproportional [dɪspɹəˈpɔːʃənəɫ], humiliation /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/, negotiation /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: industrialization /ɪnˌdʌstɹɪəlɪˈzeɪʃən/, industrialize /ɪnˈdʌstɹiəlaɪz/, economically /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪ.kli/, arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/, disproportional [dɪspɹəˈpɔːʃənəɫ]
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: industrialize /ɪnˈdʌstɹiəlaɪz/, pause /pɔːz/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, carve /kɑɹv/, geez /d͡ʒiːz/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: carve /kɑɹv/, cumulative /ˈkjuːmjʊlətɪv/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: industrialization /ɪnˌdʌstɹɪəlɪˈzeɪʃən/, industrialize /ɪnˈdʌstɹiəlaɪz/, pause /pɔːz/, geez /d͡ʒiːz/, resume /ˈɹɛz.ə.meɪ/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง continent, industrialization, explode เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ