ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Top Notch 3: Unit 5: Lesson 3: Describe natural disasters
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Page 56.
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Before you read.
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Exercise A.
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Vocabulary.
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Adjectives of severity.
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Read and listen.
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Now listen again and repeat.
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Mild Moderate Severe Deadly
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Catastrophic Page 56 Reading Read and listen.
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Earthquakes Earthquakes are among the deadliest natural disasters, causing the largest numbers of casualties,
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the highest death tolls, and the greatest destruction.
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In 1556, in China, the deadliest earthquake in history killed 830,000 people.
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But many other earthquakes have caused the deaths of more than 100,000 people, and it is not unusual even in modern times for an
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earthquake death toll to reach 20,000 to 30,000 people with hundreds of thousands left homeless and with countless injured.
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The floodwaters of the 2004 tsunami in Sumatra, which killed over 200,000 people, were caused by a catastrophic earthquake.
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There are four factors that affect the casualty rate and economic impact of earthquakes.
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magnitude, location, quality of construction of buildings, and timing.
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Magnitude.
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The magnitude, or strength, of an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale,
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ranging from 1 to 10 with 10 being the greatest earthquakes over 6 on the Richter scale are often deadly
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and those over 8 are generally catastrophic causing terrible damage
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location a severe earthquake
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that is located far from population centers does not cause the same damage as a less severe one
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that occurs in the middle of a city.
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As an example, in 1960, the strongest earthquake ever recorded, 9.5 magnitude on the Richter scale,
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struck in the Pacific Ocean near the Chilean coastline, destroying buildings, killing over 2,000,
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and injuring another 3,000 in regional cities near the coast.
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If this quake had struck a city directly, it would have been catastrophic, and hundreds of thousands might have been killed.
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Similarly, in Alaska in 1964, a magnitude 9.2 quake hit an area with few people,
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and the death toll was 117.
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Quality of Construction
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Modern building construction techniques can lessen the death toll
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and economic impact of a moderate earthquake that would otherwise cause severe destruction of older-style buildings.
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In 2010, a terrible earthquake in Port-au-Prince, the capital of Haiti, caused the destruction of a tremendous number of the city's buildings, mostly due to poor construction.
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In contrast, an even stronger earthquake later that year in Chile caused less destruction because of that country's use of earthquake-resistant construction.
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Timing Finally, the time of occurrence of an earthquake can affect the number of deaths and casualties.
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Earthquakes that occur in the night, when people are indoors, usually cause a greater death toll than ones that occur when people are outdoors.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This B2 speaking lesson is built on the video “Top Notch 3: Unit 5: Lesson 3: Describe natural disasters”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: earthquake, magnitude, toll, construction, catastrophic. This video has 38 sentences and 407 words to shadow. The speech runs for 3:53. The speaker talks slowly, about 105 words per minute, so there is time to copy every sound. Only 76% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.
Key vocabulary in this video
The 15 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| earthquake noun | /ˈɝθkweɪk/ | A shaking of the ground, caused by volcanic activity or movement around geologic faults. |
| magnitude noun | /ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/ | The absolute or relative size, extent or importance of something. |
| catastrophic adjective | /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/ | Of or pertaining to a catastrophe. |
| casualty noun | /ˈkæʒu.əlti/ | Something that happens by chance, especially an unfortunate event; an accident, a disaster. |
| deadliest adjective | Causing the greatest number of deaths | |
| injure verb | /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ | To wound or cause physical harm to a living creature. |
| quake verb | /kweɪk/ | To tremble or shake. |
| deadly adjective | /ˈdɛdli/ | Causing death; lethal. |
| adjective noun | /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/ | A word that modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes a noun’s referent. |
| floodwaters noun | The waters of a flood | |
| lessen verb | /ˈlɛsən/ | To make less; to diminish; to reduce. |
| coastline noun | The shape, outline, or boundary of a coast. (The term coastline is generally used to describe the approximate boundaries at relatively large spatial scales.) | |
| tsunami noun | /(t)suːˈnɑːmi/ | A very large and destructive wave, generally caused by a tremendous disturbance in the ocean, such as an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption; often a… |
| indoors adverb | /ɪnˈdɔɹz/ | Inside, into, or within a building. |
| severity noun | /səˈvɛɹ.ə.ti/ | The state of being severe. |
Pronunciation to watch
- Long words — get the stress right: catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/, casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, severity /səˈvɛɹ.ə.ti/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like earthquake, magnitude, catastrophic.
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ