ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Why Australia’s Solar Is So Cheap (And Ours Isn’t)
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240 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
1
About 1 in 3 Australian homes have rooftop solar.
2
Here in America, it's less than 1 in 10.
3
And Denver is sunnier than Melbourne.
4
The difference is the bill.
5
A 7 kilowatt system here runs a median of $28,000.
6
That's $18,000 to $24,000 more than the exact same system costs in Australia.
7
Up to 7 times the price.
8
Australia is a rich western country like the US and it went solar for one reason above all others.
9
Money.
10
The revolution in the lucky country is a product of cost, which has been going down, under.
11
I know exactly how we got here, because I've lived it.
12
When I put solar on my own house, the panel sat there for months waiting on paperwork.
13
Australia treats a solar install like buying a refrigerator.
14
We treat it like a zoning hearing.
15
And their head start is compounding.
16
Australians are adding home batteries at a rate of 2000 a day, and the flood of storage helped to drop the cost of generating power by 12% in a single quarter.
17
electricity for everyone, including the people with nothing on the roof.
18
So what does Australia know that we don't?
19
What's the gap costing you and what would it actually take to catch up?
20
I'm Matt Farrell, welcome to Undecided.
21
This video is brought to you by Incogni.
22
Here's the part that stings.
23
America literally invented photovoltaic technology that we know today.
24
Germany provided the market for it and China industrialized it.
25
So how is it that the lucky country is eating our lunch after slathering it in electron Vegemite.
26
There's a big obvious reason why solar is taking off faster in Australia than the US.
27
It's the first of several.
28
Right now, American energy policy is actively anti-renewables.
29
The Trump administration's energy policy is slowing down solar.
30
This year, he got rid of tax credits that existed for solar at the end of 2025.
31
Although far from perfect, they made residential solar 30% cheaper.
32
And that's not all.
33
Trump spent $2.6 billion taxpayer dollars to stop wind projects and development, funneling that money into fossil fuel extraction instead.
34
And he's fired renewable energy lab researchers, canceled renewable money from farmers and ranchers, and slashed billions in energy grants to states that didn't vote for him.
35
This is setting America back.
36
Canary Media expects peak annual solar installs to be held back for an entire decade.
37
These policies make solar more expensive and they convince people to be less enthusiastic about renewables.
38
But while this explains what sets America behind Australia right now, it doesn't explain how we got here.
39
We can't just pin all of this on Trump.
40
America started falling behind two administrations ago, back when Washington was actually trying to help.
41
To see how we really got here, we have to go back decades and we have to go to Australia.
42
And later I'm putting my own solar invoice on the table.
43
43 panels, one number at the bottom, and a gap so big it still bugs me.
44
But first, a word about paperwork of a different kind.
45
Every permit and application I filed had my name, my address, my phone number sitting right there on it.
46
That information doesn't stay on that form.
47
Data brokers buy it and sell it, and it ends up with people that you never want to have it.
48
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61
Okay, so back to Australia and how they made solar boring.
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Australia's solar dominance took decades to build and almost none of it was about technology.
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It was about money and one very weird quirk of how their electricity market works.
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There are some, let's say, structural factors that made solar a more enticing option on Australia than America.
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First off, the price of energy is just higher there, and
66
that continues to today. $0.28 per kilowatt hour in Australia is 40%
67
higher than the average of $0.20 per kilowatt hour here in the US.
68
The higher the price, the greater the incentive to go with the renewable sources.
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I feel the pain.
70
The cost per kilowatt hour delivered in Massachusetts is over $0.30, which is part why I wanted to go solar myself.
71
The price is also less predictable.
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Retail energy costs skyrocketed in Australia earlier this century.
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Their utilities poured money into infrastructure that the grid just didn't need.
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The more they built, the more profit they were guaranteed.
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It's a bonkers quirk of the Australian utility structure known as gold plating, and it cranked up retail prices.
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If your energy price goes up 195% in 15 years, as it did in the state of Victoria,
77
you're You're going to see Crikey hop in your Land Rover and head to the bush in search of a cheaper alternative.
78
Or at least something like that.
79
In response to this really wild energy market, Australia pursued policies aimed squarely at building the consumer market.
80
It still does.
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They made it easier to buy and sell solar panels and batteries.
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This began in the early 2000s and as solar prices plummeted during the Great Recession, solar installations took off.
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Germany wrote the playbook with the first subsidy scheme.
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When Australia copied the German model and ran in a senior climate, Australian energy strategist Dr. Gabriel Kuyper put it plainly, none of us would be here without them.
85
Australia's version included rebates that sometimes covered the entire cost of the solar panels plus feed-in tariffs
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that paid households for the energy that they fed back into the grid.
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The national rebate started at $8,000 Australian for a small 1 kW array.
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In parts of the country, that was more than the sticker price of the panels themselves.
89
Critics attacked these schemes as an expensive way to cut emissions, but according to The Guardian, it kick-started an industry of installers,
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salespeople, trainers, and inspectors, and quickly made solar a viable option for people beyond the country's wealthiest suburbs.
91
It was messy and improvised, but it worked.
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In the second half of 2025, rooftop solar contributed over 14% of Australia's electricity, a doubling of its contribution from just 2020.
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By comparison, small-scale solar contributed less than 2% of US electricity in 2023.
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So, I know what you're thinking.
95
Didn't America have a significant tax credit for solar?
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We did.
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But we also pursued a policy to promote and protect American solar producers during the 2010s when solar began to take off.
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Policymakers had good reason to do this.
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This was the Industrial Strategy, a world away from the renewable denialism that dominates the federal government today.
100
In 2011, the US solar industry was dying.
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China's manufacturing success led to plummeting prices and industry-wide bankruptcy.
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American manufacturers sued and regulators agreed that Chinese companies had sold panels here for a fraction of their fair market value.
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A company called Solar World Industries America out of Hillsborough, Oregon filed the petition that started all of this.
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They got their tariffs, but it didn't save them.
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The German parent company filed for insolvency in 2017
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and what was left of the American operation was sold off to a rival the next year.
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We built the wall and the thing that it was protecting died behind it anyway.
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There were a variety of policies the government could have turned to, but they chose protectionism.
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The solar industry lawsuits kicked off four rounds of tariffs targeting solar exports from China and elsewhere between 2012 and 2019.
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The tariffs helped a handful of manufacturers.
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They slowed down everybody else.
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Researchers at the National Bureau of Economic Research found that subsidizing production instead could increase domestic production, employment and welfare.
113
So what would it take for the US to actually catch up on solar?
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Even if the US could wave a magic wand
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and replace tariffs with producer subsidies and revive the tax credits that it had just last year, it would still not be on track to catch up with Australia.
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That's because of the structure of the American incentives and regulations is a mess.
117
Let's start with the incentives.
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American solar tax credits were annoying to sign up for.
119
You had to apply for them on your taxes after paying the full price upfront, which stops a lot of people from buying them.
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By contrast, Australia makes it easy.
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Very easy.
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Your solar installer automatically deducts your solar credit from your invoice.
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You don't even have to do anything.
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Less work for the buyer means more people will buy.
125
So Australia beats us on the incentive design, and then beats us again on the design of the entire system.
126
Or in the American case, the many systems.
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In Australia and much of the rest of the world, buying solar is like buying any appliance.
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You call up someone and just get it installed.
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Bill McKibben laid this out on the Ezra Klein Show.
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America has around 15,000 separate jurisdictions, and every town and county has its own zoning code and its own team of inspectors.
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We are tying up solar in so much red tape that the sun can't get to the panels.
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These rules have neither rhyme nor reason.
133
Illinois requires paper submissions, approved by different departments in a very specific order.
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Colorado requires paper and online submission, and can spike your application if you don't name your files according to their very specific rules.
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Remember those panels sitting on my roof waiting on paperwork?
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This is the machine that kept them there.
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Look, I love literature, but there's no reason getting panels connected to the grid should be a Kafkaesque nightmare.
138
Combined, these rules slow down solar adoption or stop it entirely.
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And every one of them carries a price tag.
140
Permit power puts the non-hardware costs of solar in the US, the design, project management, sales,
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permitting, inspections, and interconnection at a whopping 78% of the total installed cost.
142
This is something I've talked about for years.
143
That tangle of extra rules is costing us big time.
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Before we start printing Australia t-shirts, I owe you the other half of the story.
145
All that success came with a hangover.
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When millions of homes push power into the grid at the same moment, midday demand collapses.
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The Australian energy market operator has been sounding the alarm about minimum operational demand for years.
148
these energy ministers now require backstop mechanisms to be in place for the emergency response.
149
Three different things get blurred together here, so let me pull them apart.
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The first is the backstop.
151
It's an emergency lever and it only comes out on mild sunny days
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when there's so much solar that demand on the grid drops dangerously low.
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The operator can remotely dial back your exports for a few hours and it only applies to newer systems.
154
Your panels keep powering your house the whole time.
155
Fair, boring, and it keeps the lights on.
156
Then there's the second thing, what your exports are worth.
157
Victoria used to guarantee a minimum feed-in tariff.
158
As of July 2025, it doesn't, and retailers set their own rate.
159
The only rule is that it can't go below zero.
160
For context, the last minimum the state ever set was 0.04 cents per kilowatt hour, with a daytime varying rate of exactly zero.
161
Nobody's billing you here, the check just got a lot smaller.
162
Third, South Australia went further.
163
It charges for exporting in the middle of the day, about $1.50 a month, to help pay for the $80 million grid upgrade.
164
That's a fee that's pushing power into a grid that already has too much of it at noon.
165
Whatever you use inside your house is still free.
166
So the deal that built Australian solar, fat rebates and real money for your exports, mostly doesn't exist anymore.
167
Australia solved costs and then ran straight into the next problem, which is a problem I'd love to have.
168
What's left is a country with so much cheap daytime power that the hard problem is soaking it up.
169
And solar does knock off at sundown after all.
170
So home batteries are the sponge.
171
Australia knocked 30% off of the upfront cost in July of 2025 and installs hit $2,000 a day.
172
Same 30% we just threw away.
173
It doesn't have to be this way.
174
The success of solar in Australia comes down to paperwork.
175
The Charged Initiative sent a delegation down there in 2026
176
and they found Australia's low costs are the product of a streamlined permitting, lightweight installation rules and strong audit-based installer accountability.
177
It's boring stuff guys.
178
Boring, achievable stuff.
179
Emissions aside, Americans could be saving so much more with different approaches to solar.
180
And I could show you exactly what that gap looks like because I paid for it.
181
So let me put my own invoice on the table.
182
43 panels, 17.2 kW on my roof.
183
Sticker price? $55,384 before rebates.
184
That works out to about $3.22 a watt.
185
Now price that exact system in Australia, before any rebate, about $15,300 US.
186
89 cents a watt.
187
Then run the incentives on both sides.
188
My federal tax credit and my state credit brought me down to $37,784.
189
And I had to wait until tax season to see a dime of it.
190
The Australian rebate comes off at the the register and brings them down to about $11,200. $55,000 against $15,000 before help.
191
$38,000 against $11,000 after help.
192
Either way, I paid about 3.5 times what the Australian pays for the same panels on the same roof.
193
That's lower than the 7 times you see in the headlines, but 3.5 times is still absurd.
194
Here's the part that should bother you.
195
The subsidies cancel out.
196
Take them away from both countries and the gap is the same.
197
Whatever made my system cost 3.5 times more, a tax credit was never going to fix it.
198
I know where a big chunk of my extra $40,000 went.
199
My installers got most of the panels up
200
and then had to take a bunch of them back down because my town wanted a roughened inspection that nobody knew about.
201
This is something specific to my town, but not unusual.
202
My panels went live in October, but my battery didn't turn on until May.
203
In Australia, you fill out a form online and get approval the next day. $40,000, most of it paperwork and soft costs.
204
Permit power ran the numbers.
205
Reform permitting alone and by 2040 an extra 18.2 million families could install solar.
206
A 155% increase, saving $245 billion.
207
Add in a reduction in tariffs and stop the directly anti-renewable policies of the Trump administration, and America could easily save billions more.
208
Africa is so far and so unnecessarily behind on solar that improvement can seem impossible.
209
But the basic fact is that even explicit anti-renewable policy can't stop the energy transition here.
210
90% of the power added to the grid last year was from renewables.
211
US solar generation has grown every single year since 2006 and there are now 6 million solar installations in this country.
212
There are two real reasons to be optimistic.
213
First, the AI build-out is putting brutal pressure on energy bills.
214
pressure was essential to Australian success.
215
Second, look at Texas.
216
It's the number one solar state in the country and it got there on cost and easy permitting.
217
Deep red state, cheapest electrons in America.
218
Nobody had to win on a culture war.
219
They just made it easy to build.
220
America and Australia both have the sun and the size and both have a fossil fuel industry pushing the other way.
221
America falling behind is a choice and choices can be unmade.
222
And here's my take.
223
This is a paperwork problem and that's what makes this so maddening.
224
Give us one national standard for residential solar instead of 15,000 versions of the same rulebook.
225
Put the permit online and automate the approval.
226
Texas and Australia both show what happens next.
227
Do I think we'll actually do it?
228
Not quickly.
229
15,000 jurisdictions don't hand over control just because it would be cheaper for everyone.
230
But this is the rare problem where we already know the answer.
231
We just have to be bothered enough to do the paperwork about the paperwork.
232
So what do you think America could do to catch up to Australia?
233
What policies would be the most effective?
234
Jump in the comments and let me know.
235
You can also check out extended cuts of many of my videos over on Patreon.
236
If human-written and researched videos matter to you, Patreon support helps a ton.
237
And a big welcome to News Supporter Plus member Steven Mempa.
238
The link's in the description if you'd like to join, but just watching, subscribing, and turning on notifications is awesome.
239
And check out my follow-up podcast, Still to be Determined, and we'll keep this conversation going.
240
Keep your mind open, stay curious, and I'll see you in the next one.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B2 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Why Australia’s Solar Is So Cheap” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: solar, Australia, panel, America, energy วิดีโอนี้มี 240 ประโยค และ 2934 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 16:21 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 179 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 83% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| grid คำนาม | /ɡɹɪd/ | ตาราง |
| tariff คำนาม | /ˈtæɹəf/ | ภาษี, พิกัดอัตรา |
| kilowatt คำนาม | /ˈkɪ.ləˌwɒt/ | กิโลวัตต์ |
| incentive คำนาม | /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/ | สิ่งจูงใจ |
| bore คำกริยา | /boɹ/ | เจาะ, ไช |
| invoice คำนาม | /ˈɪnˌvɔɪs/ | อินวอยซ์, ใบแจ้งหนี้ |
| daytime คำนาม | /ˈdeɪtaɪm/ | กลางวัน |
| watt คำนาม | /wɑt/ | วัตต์ |
| sticker คำนาม | /ˈstɪkə/ | รูปลอก, สติกเกอร์ |
| researcher คำนาม | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | นักวิจัย |
| fossil คำนาม | /ˈfɑsl̩/ | ฟอสซิล, ซากดึกดำบรรพ์ |
| cancel คำกริยา | /ˈkæn.sl̩/ | ขีดฆ่า |
| hangover คำนาม | /ˈhæŋoʊ̯vɚ/ ~ /ˈhæŋɔʊ̯vɚ/ | อาการเมาค้าง, แฮ้ง |
| rhyme คำนาม | /ɹaɪm/ | สัมผัส |
| invent คำกริยา | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | คิดค้น |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| take off คำกริยา | ถอด | |
| fill out คำกริยา | /fɪl ˈaʊt/ | กรอก |
| go back คำกริยา | กลับไป | |
| show up คำกริยา | โผล่ | |
| throw away คำกริยา | ทิ้ง |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- Let's start with the incentives.
- You don't even have to do anything.
- Remember those panels sitting on my roof waiting on paperwork?
- This is something I've talked about for years.
- Do I think we'll actually do it?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — การกระทำที่เริ่มก่อนหน้านี้และยังดำเนินอยู่ | has been going · has been sounding |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is brought · be held · being sold |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | I've lived · I've seen · I've talked |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | cost, which has · problem, which is |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 35 ครั้ง เช่น can't, didn't, doesn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːzɪˈæstɪk/, theft /θɛft/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: installation /ˌɪn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, submission /səbˈmɪʃən/, jurisdiction /d͡ʒʊɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/, inspection /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: installation /ˌɪn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/, jurisdiction /d͡ʒʊɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/, achievable /əˈt͡ʃivəbəl/, hangover /ˈhæŋoʊ̯vɚ/ ~ /ˈhæŋɔʊ̯vɚ/, refrigerator /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒ.əˌɹeɪ.tɚ/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: tariff /ˈtæɹəf/, incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/, install /ɪnˈstɔl/, invoice /ˈɪnˌvɔɪs/, achievable /əˈt͡ʃivəbəl/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/, invoice /ˈɪnˌvɔɪs/, achievable /əˈt͡ʃivəbəl/, hangover /ˈhæŋoʊ̯vɚ/ ~ /ˈhæŋɔʊ̯vɚ/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːzɪˈæstɪk/, suburbs /ˈsʌbɝbz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง grid, tariff, kilowatt เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ