Shadowing Practice: Neurosymbolic AI Explained - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Today's AI systems provide us useful recommendations and predictions,
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but their accuracy depends on lots of annotated data to train neural networks for every new task.
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To address this, IBM Research is championing a new approach called Neurosymbolic AI.
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It combines the statistical, data-driven learning capabilities of neural networks with symbolic reasoning techniques.
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For example, A neuro-symbolic system could use a neural network's pattern recognition capabilities to identify objects in videos or images,
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then rely on symbolic AI programs that apply logic and semantic reasoning to identify relationships among these objects.
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The MIT IBM Neurosymbolic Concept Learner learns by simply looking at images and reading paired questions and answers.
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The goal is to create explainable AI systems that can tackle more complex tasks while increasing accuracy, learning from fewer examples, and using less data.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 8 sentences and 136 words to shadow. The speech runs for 0:57. The speaker talks at a steady 144 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. Only 68% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 less common words from the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
- symbolic (adjective) — Pertaining to a symbol.
- neural /ˈnʊɹəl/ (adjective) — Of, or relating to the nerves, neurons or the nervous system.
- accuracy /ˈæk.jɚ.ə.si/ (noun) — The state of being accurate; being free from error; exactness; correctness
- capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ (noun) — The power or ability to generate an outcome.
- recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ (noun) — The act of recognizing or the condition of being recognized (matching a current observation with a memory of a prior observation of the same entity).
- technique /tɛkˈniːk/ (noun) — The practical aspects of a given art, occupation etc.; formal requirements.
- fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/ — Less; a smaller amount of something non-integral commonly expressed as an integer
- rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/ (verb) — To trust; to have confidence in; to depend.
- depend /dɪˈpɛnd/ (verb) — To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition
- tackle /ˈtækəl/ (verb) — To force a person to the ground with the weight of one's own body, usually by jumping on top or slamming one's weight into them.
- statistical /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kəl/ (adjective) — Of or pertaining to statistics.
- combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ (verb) — To bring (two or more things or activities) together; to unite.
- recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/ (noun) — An act of recommending.
- prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/ (noun) — A statement of what will happen in the future.
- annotate /ˈæn.ə.teɪt/ (verb) — To add annotation to.
Phrasal verbs you will hear
- look at (verb) — To observe or watch.
- rely on (verb) — To be confident in.
Pronunciation to watch
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/
- Long words — get the stress right: accuracy /ˈæk.jɚ.ə.si/, capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, statistical /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kəl/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like symbolic, neural, accuracy.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.