Shadowing Practice: The biggest loser 2 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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When I saw
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Jerry's eyes roll back, and then he just kind of melted.
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Hold still.
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Hold still.
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Hold still.
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Let me see you.
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Let me see you.
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And laid on the floor.
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Breathe.
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Breathe for me.
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Can you open your eyes?
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Open your eyes for me.
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Breathe for me.
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Get out of the way.
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Breathe for me.
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Open your eyes.
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Good.
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Breathe.
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Open your eyes.
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It was very scary.
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to watch the coloring go out of his lips.
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Breathe for me.
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Can you open your eyes?
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Breathe.
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Open your eyes wide.
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Good.
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Good.
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Breathing.
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Good.
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Again.
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Okay.
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Set you up, okay?
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Oh, I'm on the ground.
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What's happening?
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You just kind of passed out.
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I got to tell you,
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seeing that man drop down to the ground was one of the scariest things I've ever seen at The Biggest Loser House.
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Good.
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Squeeze back.
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Squeeze.
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When Jerry fell, that was the moment I thought to myself, we're all sick.
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I mean, we really need help here.
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This makes everything so very real.
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It's not a question of maybe someday I could lose him.
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It's not a question of that now.
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It's a question of when.
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And if we don't do something now, it's not going to be an option.
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Yes, sir.
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The rescue people told me he was responding.
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He knew where he was.
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He knew what was going on, that he was getting better.
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Hey, darling.
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How you doing?
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It was hard not to be with him, but he got good help, got good care, and that's the important part.
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Okay, everyone.
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Jerry's going to go to the hospital.
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He's going to have some tests run.
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They're going to monitor him for a little bit.
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And once they feel confident, they're going to send him back to us.
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And Bob and Jillian's good care.
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I think we want you to understand right off the bat that it is about life and death.
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You guys are exactly where you need to be right now
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because you're looking at your future if you don't change what you're doing right now.
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That's going to be you.
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And with that said, this is going to be a house that all your dreams can come true.
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Everything that you've been wanting to do, everything that you've not been able to do at home, you're going to be able to do here.
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This is a house of hope.
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So, our next order of business to get the teams.
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organized.
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Jillian and Bob will each pick one team.
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And from there, that team will get to pick the next team.
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And the next team gets to pick the next team, and so forth.
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We hear we got to pick teams, and you start registering in your head, someone's gonna be last.
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We've all been there.
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We've all been the fat kid in gym class, and now we're a bunch of fat kids at a really fat gym glass
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and someone's gonna get picked last jillian
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you have the responsibility of picking the first team i think
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there is one obvious choice stella why are you here i came
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because jerry asked me
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and with him just having this problem
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it's only illustrated why i really need to be here can you change yes then please join me oh thank you Bob.
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There was just something in that silver team.
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Carla.
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So please come over.
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Joelle.
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Joelle and Bob.
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Okay.
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Stella.
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Blaine and Dane.
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All right.
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Silver team.
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Blue team.
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Dane.
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Blaine.
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I'm going to take green team.
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The red team.
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We're going to pick the art team.
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The pink team.
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The yellow team.
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Two teams left.
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It's too hard to decide.
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We're going to stick with our mission, people.
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Come on over here, Brown P.
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Good job.
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That moment is a moment you'll never forget.
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When you're heavy, you're used to being rejected.
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by certain groups of people, but then to be rejected by your own kind, it hurts.
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I'm here with my number one teammate, and we've been through a lot, and I think that with her by my side,
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I think we can do anything.
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It takes a lot of pride to stand there and say what you just said.
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So I think your reward is to pick who you want to train with.
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Yeah!
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Kristen, Kathy.
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Bob or Jillian?
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Here you go, Bob.
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I could not be more grateful.
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That has got to be the best decision my mother has ever made in her entire life.
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Ladies and gentlemen, you have picked your trainers.
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It is now time for your first weigh -in.
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Come on, follow me.
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Going into the weigh -in?
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Scary.
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I want to be showing all of America, and not only that, all of the Tongan community worldwide, how much I weigh.
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It's embarrassing.
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Right now, it's time for Bob and Jillian to find out what they're working with.
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Coming up...
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Go, Tara!
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The teams get their first taste of a real
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Biggest Loser workout.
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I want some air.
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I can't stop. And later...
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Tonight, there will be no elimination.
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The players get a weigh -in surprise that no one sees coming.
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What's the catch?
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What's the catch?
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Right now, it's time for Bob and Jillian to find out what they're working with.
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Stella, obviously Jerry is not with us right now, so we're going to have you weigh in by yourself.
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Having Jerry not beside me, something that I've shared everything for the last 42 years with, was very hard.
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Your starting weight is...
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Your starting weight is 242 pounds.
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Pink team has a combined total weight of 540 pounds.
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Never again.
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Kathy.
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Kristen, your starting weight is...
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Kristen, your starting weight is 360 pounds.
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You are officially the heaviest woman we have ever had on The Biggest Loser by 62 pounds.
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Oh my God.
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My weight is more than the guys on the defensive line for the Green Bay Packers.
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Your starting weight is...
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Yellow team, you are starting out with a combined total of 512 pounds.
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Mandy.
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What's going on?
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I don't even let my husband see me like this.
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I don't want to be like this anymore.
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I can't even stand it.
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Nicole, Damien, your starting weight is...
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Red Team has a combined total weight of 650 pounds.
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Nicole, what's going on?
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I think I've been faking it for so long, like everything's okay.
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That now that I met the man of my dreams, I don't want to fake my life anymore.
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The green team starts off with a combined total of 579 pounds.
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I'm gonna change because of all of you and because what's in here.
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Sione, Felipe, your starting weight is...
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The blue team starts out with a combined total 736 pounds.
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Jane, Blaine, your starting weight is...
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Black team, you start off with a total weight of 777 pounds.
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Mike, at 18, you are our youngest competitor ever.
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Your starting weight is...
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The brown team starts off at 818 pounds.
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We are going to weigh in the silver team.
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Carla, Joelle, get up here, ladies.
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And your starting weight is...
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Silver team, you are starting out.
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The combined total, 688 pounds.
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Carla, your starting weight is 379 pounds.
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379 pounds?
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These are the kind of numbers that I normally see on the men on this show.
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And that means that you are officially the heaviest woman we have ever had on The Biggest Loser.
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We have one team left to weigh in.
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Dan and Dave.
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As I'm walking up the steps to weigh in for the first time ever, I was scared because it finally hit me.
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Everything I've tried to hide for so long is just out there.
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Dave, Dan, your starting weight is...
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And I knew what I'd done.
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I knew what I've eaten.
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I mean, I knew it would be bad.
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Dave, Dan, your starting weight is...
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Dave, your starting weight is 393 pounds.
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Dan, your starting weight is 454 pounds.
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You are the heaviest contestant we have ever weighed in at The Biggest Loser.
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When she told me that I'd be the biggest ever, something clicked.
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I just knew that I have to make it to the end,
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that I've got to prove that I can do this and now I know where I'm coming from.
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Well, gentlemen, I'm sure you don't need me to tell you this, but you have your work cut out for you.
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Your starting combined total weight is 847 pounds,
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which makes you officially the heaviest team we have ever weighed in in Biggest Loser history.
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You got your work cut out for you.
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We're yours.
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Well, I have a little secret for you.
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Jillian loves challenges.
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Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha.
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Ha, ha, ha.
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Good luck, gentlemen.
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Well, ladies and gentlemen, I suggest you make the most of your time with Bob and Jillian.
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Then it is time to get to work.
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Get to it.
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Yeah!
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Season 7 is literally the biggest season of Biggest Loser history.
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This is your first workout at The Biggest Loser, my friends.
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I have never seen a cast so big.
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Good.
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Smiling, aren't you?
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Deep on the inside.
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That's right.
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You're looking real good, baby.
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I don't think I'm going to get to sleep this season.
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This is what we're going to do.
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I'm going to push every single one of you until you quit.
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And if you want to quit, that's fine.
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I'm not going to yell.
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I'm just going to show you the door.
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It's my way or the door.
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Seriously, I don't care.
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You have all the power.
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Now is the time to unlock it.
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It is in each and every one of you.
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It was crazy.
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I've never lifted a weight in my life.
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Unlock that power.
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There you go.
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Just you and me, Mike.
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Nobody else.
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There you are.
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One more.
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That's right.
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Move to the next station.
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Is that a hitter right now?
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That's good.
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Let me explain something to you.
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When your lips turn blue, then you're gonna pass out.
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Okay?
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But you're not gonna die.
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I've barely even begun the first workout, and Laura starts.. with the theatrics.
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I can't breathe, no. No good, is this it?
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Come on Laura.
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Come on Laura, come on.
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Step off, step off, step off.
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Come on, go.
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Laura?
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You quitting?
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I can't breathe.
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Then get on the treadmill.
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I can't breathe.
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Laura was having an extremely difficult time.
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Get some air.
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I can't stop.
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Come on Laura, I'll do it with you.
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At one point, I got off the treadmill and I was gonna go to Laura and just be like,
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toughen up Cupcake, you're not the only fat chick in the room.
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Go Laura, go!
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Go, go, go!
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Today's workout... was ridiculous.
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Please, please what?
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I mean, have you ever seen anyone else throw up as they're running on the treadmill?
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Let's go.
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Six, five, four, three, two...
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And just keep on going.
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It's gonna get easier.
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Jump!
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It only gets worse.
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It gets better.
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No, it gets worse!
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I hope.
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I really hope.
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I want to show you what is going to help keep you in this house.
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The body bug.
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Alright, let me go show you.
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Okay.
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This is the first week, so my job is to make sure that everyone pulls out the best numbers they can possibly pull out.
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The body bug keeps track of all the calories
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that you're bringing in and all the calories that you're burning in the day.
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How does it work?
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attach it onto your arm.
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At the end of the day, you take this thing off, you hook it up into your USB port,
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and then it downloads all the information onto this
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Body Bug website.
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Wow.
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All you have to do is type in all your food that you're eating.
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In my experience, the Body Bug calorie management system is one of the best pieces of equipment out there.
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It's going to show you what you're doing.
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Bob told us that the 24 -hour fitness
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Body Bug would read how many calories you were taking in versus how many were burning.
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To know where I'm at makes you feel more confident about the weighing.
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Once I got to the hospital, the doctor said when I was working out, my blood pressure dropped, and that's what caused me to pass out.
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I realized that I'm much worse shaped than I thought I was in,
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and I want to get going on this thing to get my life turned around.
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Oh, Jerry!
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When Jerry walked in, he looked really good.
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His coloring was great.
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It was really good to see him.
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I've got some bad news.
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What's that?
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I'm going to be your trainer.
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Oh, no. Yeah.
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It's OK, though.
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It's OK.
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Don't panic.
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Worst things I'm sure have happened to you in your life.
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You know, I'm excited about it, but I'm kind of scared about it.
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But I saw all my teammates.
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The whole house was cheering for me.
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It was wonderful.
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And, you know, I'm ready to get going.
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We are walking up this huge bridge in downtown Los Angeles
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and I have no idea what we are going to be in for.
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The anticipation is up here, the anxiety is up here, and I'm like, ah!
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I don't know what to do.
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Are you guys ready to face your first challenge?
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Yeah!
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You are in between two lives.
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The unhappy, unhealthy life that you used to lead and the happier, healthier life that awaits you.
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And there is a bridge that is going to get you there.
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And that bridge is filled with challenges.
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Oh, that's a hill.
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You see this big mound of dirt, you know, and this big tractor.
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This is not just a bridge.
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This is way worse.
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To cross this bridge, you are going to have to make it past 250 ,000 pounds of sand.
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All 11 teams are racing across that bridge, over the sand, to their team -colored flag.
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Both team members must reach your team colored flag and you have to race all the way back.
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The top five teams race again.
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The top two teams from that second race will race a third time.
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The team that wins tonight's challenge will get immunity at this week's win.
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You're playing for immunity and the stakes, they just skyrocket.
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The chance to be here another week, nothing's more important than that.
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On your mark!
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This is it, you know, like, Laura's got a whole butt, I got a whole butt, and we need to win.
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Get set!
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I have to be here.
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My sister has to be here longer than just one week.
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Go!
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The green team taking off to an early lead.
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The blue team's right behind them.
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Dane and Blaine making sure they're in the top three.
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Pink team on their hands and knees climbing over that sand.
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Remember, you have to wait for your partner at the team -colored flag before you head back.
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And the yellow team out in front, early lead.
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Come on, get my hand.
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Dan's struggling Jerry.
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Estella fighting to make it over.
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They're not giving up.
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Come on, Dan.
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Amanda, Aubrey on their way back.
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Come on, Jerry.
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Come on, Jerry.
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Come on.
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There you go.
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All right.
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Sandy, coming in first.
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You've got the blue team right behind him.
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Come on up.
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You got it, sweetie.
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You got it.
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Come on.
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Come on.
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Aubrey crosses the finish line, a yellow team.
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They have secured their place in the second heat.
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Blaine crosses the finish line.
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He's got Dan right behind him.
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Come on.
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Come on.
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Come on.
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Remember, only the top five teams will move on to the second heat.
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Black team has crossed the finish line.
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Mayor in the second heap.
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We're coming in fourth.
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Come on, right behind us.
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The blue team crosses the finish line.
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Tara crosses the finish line.
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Laura's right behind her.
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That's it.
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The green team.
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Look at you.
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Four teams.
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And a red team.
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Nicole's got to get across.
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Come on, her.
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Those are our five teams.
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I want to be here.
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So if I can win immunity, I want it.
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And I'm going to go for it.
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But the caveat, you have to wait for your teammate.
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And I'm just like, come on, Laura, let's do this.
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Let's do this.
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All right, we're going again.
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Yellow, green, blue, black, and red are all in this.
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The top two teams will compete one more time.
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Keep in mind the winner gets immunity at this week's weigh -in.
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We were beat down, but we knew we had to do it again because we need immunity.
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Everyone ready?
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I'm tired.
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I don't know how I'm going to do a second one.
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On your mark, get set, go!
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They're off!
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Yellow team, green team, everyone in this.
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Come on, guys!
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Tara's the first one to reach the sand.
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Sione's right with her.
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So is Blaine.
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Tara and Sione running over that sand.
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It is not a problem for them.
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Blaine's right behind them.
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He's got no trouble making it over the sand.
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Come on, Laura!
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Dane's getting over the sand.
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Red team catching up.
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They're making it over the sand.
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They're making it look easy.
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Come on, Laura!
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Laura's struggling with the sand.
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Come on, Laura!
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Get her.
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Black team strategy is each man for himself.
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Blaine's on his way back.
425
You want to stay here?
426
You want to stay here.
427
Come on.
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Up.
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Up.
430
Come on, up.
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Lean on me.
432
Go.
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Come on, Damien.
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And Blaine is the first one back over the top of the sand.
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He walks over like it's nothing.
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Yellow team right behind him.
437
Top two teams make it to the next seat.
438
Both members of the team have to cross the finish line.
439
It's like these ladies are fighting to win it.
440
Danny makes it across the finish line.
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Aubrey's right behind her.
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The yellow team and the black team will run again.
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I truly believe
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Laura gave everything that she had.
445
It just wasn't enough.
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And it sucks that it wasn't enough.
447
Black team, yellow team, you are going again!
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My legs are like jello.
449
I feel like Gumby.
450
This is for everything!
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It is yellow versus black.
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And I'm not going to let those two girls beat us.
453
Hey, Mandy.
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Try to keep up.
455
Bring it home!
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Mandy kept telling me all you have to do is be Dane.
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I'll take care of Blaine, you be Dane.
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Everything's riding on this race.
459
On your mark, get set, go!
460
Our immunity!
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Yellow team, black team in the final heat!
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Come on, let's bring woman power!
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Blaine, the first one to the sand!
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Yeah, Blaine, yeah!
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Blaine off to an early lead.
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Dane right behind him.
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Aubrey making it look easy.
468
She's getting over it.
469
She figured it out this time.
470
She is doing it!
471
Woo!
472
You can do it!
473
We got this, dude.
474
You ready?
475
Let's do it.
476
You got it!
477
Laura, she got over.
478
Oh, my God.
479
Come on, Blaine!
480
Blaine is jogging to the finish line.
481
Yeah, Blaine, yeah!
482
Here comes Mandy!
483
Let's go, Mandy!
484
Dave is up to hell!
485
Where is Aubrey?
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Come on, Dave!
487
Here comes Aubrey!
488
This is the race between Aubrey and Dane, who's going to bring it home!
489
Let's go, guys!
490
Bring it home!
491
Mandy!
492
Push!
493
Make it to the finish!
494
Come on, Dane, go!
495
And it looks like Aubrey is in an all -out creep!
496
Audrey and Jane in an all -out sleep!
497
Earlier tonight, 11 couples arrived at the Biggest Loser Ranch
498
and realized that this journey was going to be harder than they ever imagined.
499
Step off!
500
Go, go!
501
Take some air!
502
Coming up, the heaviest group of contestants ever weigh in for the first time.
503
And they're in for the biggest surprise.
504
Nine of you are going home in Biggest Loser history.
505
Are you kidding me?
506
I'm not ready to go home.
507
Come on, guys!
508
More immunity!
509
Yellow team, black team in the final heat!
510
Come on, Dane!
511
Let's go!
512
Here comes Aubrey!
513
Uh -oh.
514
Let's go, Aubrey!
515
Come on, Aubrey!
516
Yeah, get around here!
517
Come on, Aubrey!
518
This is a race between Aubrey and Dane, who's gonna bring it home.
519
I have to beat Dane.
520
Orpah, you got this run!
521
It just clicked and I was like, you gotta go.
522
You just gotta push it right now, just go.
523
Oh, she's catching.
524
She's catching.
525
And it looks like Audrey is in an all -out sprint.
526
Come on!
527
She's scared, you're not yet!
528
Move your ass, move your ass, move your ass, move it!
529
Andy, making it to the finish.
530
Audrey and Dane in an all -out sprint.
531
Woo!
532
All I could think about was my little boy at home cheering for his dad.
533
And I had to win it for him.
534
Aubrey, move!
535
Aubrey, move!
536
You got it!
537
Come on, Aubrey, go!
538
Go, Dan, go!
539
It is the black team with the victory.
540
The black team has won immunity at the first win.
541
Whoa!
542
It sucks really bad to lose.
543
I was just like, oh, I so thought we were going to win.
544
We gave it everything.
545
Damn proud of you, buddy.
546
We are on The Biggest Loser, and we have freaking immunity.
547
You got it.
548
There's nothing better.
549
You're the best teammate in the world, dude.
550
Today we're going to Cedars -Sinai to meet with Dr. H to get the results of all the tests
551
that he's given us.
552
Okay, getting ready.
553
closed tight seal
554
and I gotta tell you I'm nervous as hell Ron
555
Mike I want you guys to meet Dr. Soha Hi how are you?
556
Nice to meet you
557
Remember you came into the hospital and you got into that big giant tube
558
Right We got all these three dimensional pictures
559
that I want you to take a look at okay of
560
your insides okay what we have here is a 3d reconstruction of your body this is our normal
561
so that you can see what a normal patient looks like everything in white
562
that you're seeing is fat
563
and everything in the gray is your muscle your liver also
564
has fat in it it's a lot brighter than normally
565
we see you know it's just a huge huge amount of fat
566
that your skin can't even take anymore in
567
so now it's got to start depositing in your liver
568
and inside your abdomen and around your heart and that's
569
when some of the really dangerous things can start occurring you had your bypass surgery
570
and so despite the fact
571
that you have a very small stomach
572
you still weren't able to lose the weight what did your doctor say the size of your stomach was after
573
that gastric bypass surgery about the size of an egg the fact that you were able to gain
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu konuşma dersi “The biggest loser 2” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: weight, starting, pounds, Aubrey. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 573 cümle ve 3816 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 29:09 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 131 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin %86’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| weigh fiil | /weɪ/ | tartmak |
| sand isim | /sænd/ | kum |
| breathe fiil | /bɹiːð/ | nefes alıp vermek, solumak |
| immunity isim | /ɪˈmjuːnəti/ | bağışıklık |
| gentleman isim | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.təl.mən/ | efendi, beyefendi |
| teammate isim | /ˈtiːmˌmeɪt/ | ekip arkadaşı, takım arkadaşı |
| calorie isim | /ˈkæləɹi/ | kalori |
| scary sıfat | /ˈskɛə.ɹi/ | korkunç |
| scare fiil | /skɛɚ/ | korkutmak |
| stomach isim | /ˈstʌmək/ | mide, karın |
| suck fiil | /sʌk/ | emmek |
| butt isim | /bʌt/ | kıç, kalça |
| lip isim | /lɪp/ | dudak |
| trainer isim | /ˈtɹeɪnɚ/ | antrenör, koç |
| squeeze fiil | /skwiːz/ | sıkmak, sıkıştırmak |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| get over fiil | üstesinden gelmek, yenmek |
| find out fiil | anlamak, ortaya çıkarmak |
| catch up fiil | yakalamak |
| get off fiil | inmek |
| get up fiil | kalkmak |
| keep up fiil | ayak uydurmak, yetişmek |
| run over fiil | çiğnemek |
Tekrar etmeye değer cümleler
Videodan, günlük konuşmada yeniden kullanabileceğiniz kısa ve tam cümleler:
- Can you open your eyes?
- That's going to be you.
- I'm going to take green team.
- Are you guys ready to face your first challenge?
- You want to stay here?
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — önceden başlayıp hâlâ süren bir eylem | you've been wanting · I've been faking |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | I've ever seen · you've not been · we've been |
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | being rejected · be rejected · is filled |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı I'm, you're, don't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 117 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “th” sesleri: breathe /bɹiːð/, unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/, theatrics /θiˈætɹɪks/
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/, elimination /ɪlɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/, ridiculous /ɹɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, dimensional /daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/, reconstruction /ˌɹiːkənˈstɹʌkʃən/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: weigh /weɪ/, workout /ˈwɝk.aʊ̯t/, squeeze /skwiːz/, reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, whoa /woʊ/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: breathe /bɹiːð/, scary /ˈskɛə.ɹi/, scare /skɛɚ/, stella /ˈstɛl.ə/, stomach /ˈstʌmək/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: sand /sænd/, calorie /ˈkæləɹi/, bypass /ˈbaɪpæs/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, panic /ˈpænɪk/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; weigh, sand, breathe gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.