Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: 8 Things That Are a Complete WASTE of Your Money

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A few years ago, I started tracking exactly where my money was going and what I found genuinely shocked me.

Not because I was spending on obvious things, but because some of the biggest wastes were decisions I'd never even thought to question.

Things that society had convinced me were completely normal.

So in this video, I'm going to share with you eight things

that are a complete waste of money and what to replace them with instead.

If you're new here, hi, I'm Nisha, a qualified accountant and a former investment banker and on this channel we talk about all things personal finance.

Let's start with the very first one and that is buying cheap.

You've probably heard the phrase buy cheap buy twice before.

It's popular because it's often true.

We buy the cheapest option to save time

and money only to spend more in the long run on replacements

and repairs and if we just bought something decent quality from the beginning.

But there's another side to this that doesn't get talked about as much.

Even when a cheap purchase clearly isn't working.

A lot of us can't bring ourselves to get rid of it.

So it ends up in a drawer in a cupboard, along with a dozen other things that weren't worth what we paid for them.

If this sounds familiar, it's not your fault.

What could be to blame is a psychological bias known as a sunk cost fallacy.

It's basically when we stick with something, a product, a habit, a job, even a relationship, not because it's working,

but because we've already put time or money into it

and it feels like a waste or it feels wrong to walk away.

You might see the song cause fallacy showing up in your relationships, in your career, your day -to -day life too.

For example, if you're watching a movie that you think is boring,

you're probably not going to walk out of the cinema early because you've paid for a ticket.

Whereas if you're watching the movie at home for free, you probably just change the channel or switch the TV off.

The only difference is what you've already spent.

The same thing happens with cheap purchases.

We hold onto them long after they've stopped being useful because throwing them away, it feels wasteful.

But keeping them doesn't get your money back.

It just costs you space.

It costs you mental energy.

It costs you clutter, sometimes even more money down the line.

So before you buy something cheap, it's definitely worth asking two things.

First, how often will you actually use it?

If it's something you'll use every day, skimping usually isn't worth the frustration.

If it's something you use once or twice a year, spending a lot more probably doesn't make sense either.

And the second question is do you actually need it at all?

A lot of cheap purchases don't get used because they were never really solving a problem.

They just felt like a good idea at the time.

Number two, a bigger home than you need.

When you apply for a mortgage, you'll usually go in with a rough idea of how much you'd like to borrow.

If you're buying a home for $500 ,000, for example, and you've saved a $50 ,000 down payment, you'll need $450 ,000 to fill the gap.

But what happens if the lender offers more than this?

If they offer you a mortgage of $500 ,000 or even $600 ,000, would you take it?

It might sound like a no -brainer, especially if you're offered enough to buy in a better location or to get an extra bedroom.

And if the monthly repayments still look manageable at today's interest rate, it's very easy to convince yourself that a bigger loan is worth it.

It's only when you add up the true cost of the full loan

that you realize how much of a waste it can actually be.

If you borrow $450 ,000 at 4 % over 30 years, let's say, you'll pay $773 ,000, just a bit over that.

That includes your $450 ,000 mortgage along with over $323 ,000 in interest alone.

Increase your loan size to $550 ,000 with the same interest rate

and you'll need to pay back over $944 ,000 over

that 30 -year term including your original loan plus nearly $400 ,000 in interest.

You also need to think about how your circumstances might change

over time telling what seems like an affordable monthly repayment today into something

that could keep you up at night in the future.

If your income falls, if interest rates rise, or you have more outgoings in the future,

you might have very little left over once your expenses are paid.

Then there's the cost of the home itself.

A bigger place means usually higher energy bills, higher property taxes, more maintenance, more repairs, more money spent filling the space.

These don't hit all at the same time or all at once, which is exactly why they are so, so easy to underestimate.

So it's really worth being honest with yourself about what you actually need right now.

There's actually no rule that says you can't live in a one bedroom with a baby.

So whilst you might feel pressure thinking you need to upsize, there is no rules around this.

Your kids don't need their own room straight away either.

Staying smaller for longer can keep your fixed costs down

and leave room in your budget for other things instead of stretching yourself thin right from the start.

So instead of thinking about what most people do or what the general rules are,

figure out what it actually is that you want and that is important to you.

Number three, upgrading your phone every year.

Are you someone who upgrades your phone every year?

If so, you are not alone.

25 % of Americans expect to upgrade their phones within one to two years compared to just 15 % in 2023.

And I get it.

When the cost is spread across monthly payments and you can trade in your old device, it doesn't feel like a big spend.

I used to upgrade every single year without really thinking about it.

It was like a must.

But nearly like four or five years ago, I just stopped.

And my phone now is three years old and it still works completely fine.

There's a few scratches on the side, but it's completely fine.

If I kept upgrading, that's easily another two or $3 ,000 or equivalent, just gone.

So say you're paying around 45 a month for your phone over two years, that's just over a thousand dollars.

Keep doing that every couple of years and over a decade you've easily spent five, six, maybe seven thousand dollars extra on phones.

Choosing a new phone or switching contracts can be really overwhelming partly

because there are just so many deals on the market across multiple providers

but as a starting point you might find it easier to compare the cost of different devices without the data plans attached.

The other thing worth knowing is that you might be paying for features you'll never actually use.

At the time of recording this in early 2026, in the US an Apple iPhone 17 starts at $1 ,029 for 512 gigabytes.

But you could save $200 by choosing a 256 gigabytes iPhone 17 or a 128 gigabytes iPhone 16 for $829.

If you switch to 128 gigabytes 16e and you're looking at $599, giving you a saving of over $400.

So if your current device isn't broken, you can save a lot of money by just waiting another year or two before you switch.

And if your contract is up, it is easy to switch to a SIM -only plan until your device has breathed its last breath.

Of course, again, if you're really passionate about having the latest iPhone, you do not have to take any of this advice.

I'm just encouraging you to be mindful of exactly how much a new phone is costing you

so you can weigh out whether it's worth sacrificing other things to keep on top of the latest tech.

By the way, when you're saving all this money, you might be thinking what to do with that.

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Thank you so much, Plum, for sponsoring this bit of the video.

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Number four, diamonds.

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Let's talk about diamonds.

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You've probably heard that an engagement ring should cost a month's salary or maybe even two months or three months.

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That idea is so widespread that a lot of people assume it's some long -standing tradition.

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In reality, though, that rule actually came from an advertising campaign by the diamond company De Beers.

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It originally started as one month's salary, and over time, it quietly prepped up.

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All because the industry wanted to make more money.

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If you're really interested in diamonds and you've budgeted for them, I'm not going to tell you to stop.

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But there are a few things to think about before buying one, whether it's for you, whether it's for a loved one.

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And that is

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that most engagement rings actually lose a significant chunk of their value the moment you walk out of the store.

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Not because they're low quality, but because the retail markups are huge.

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So even if you never plan to resell it, that drop is still useful to understand

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because it shows how much of the price is branding and marketing rather than the stone itself.

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It goes to show just how beneficial buying secondhand or vintage can be.

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Or even seeing a specific ring that you like from a branded shop

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and then going somewhere else and actually making that ring yourself or picking the diamonds separately.

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You can also save thousands by buying a lab -grown diamond rather than one that came from the ground.

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Many people think that lab diamonds are fake, but they're made of the pretty much same materials as.. mined diamonds

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and even trained gemologists can't tell the difference without specialist equipment.

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The main difference is the price with lab grown diamonds costing

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nearly 30 to 70 percent less than mined ones for the same size and quality and I actually found this out firsthand.

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I lost a pair of real diamond earrings

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that I bought for myself as a birthday present and when it came to replacing them I looked into lab grown ones.

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I got the same ones pretty much.

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I showed them a photo

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they made the same ones the same quality for a fraction

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of what I'd originally paid for the real diamond ones

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and honestly I couldn't even tell the difference none of this is about spending as it was possible

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if a diamond ring is important to you

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that is completely fine the waste happens

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when people spend large sums without knowing where the expectations came from

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or what alternatives exist

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when you know the numbers you get to choose instead of defaulting to an expensive decision

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you didn't even realize you were making.

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Number five, luxury purchases labeled as investments.

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Let's imagine you're thinking about buying something expensive.

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Maybe it's a coach bag, maybe it's a Herman Miller office chair or some other large expense that you don't strictly need.

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You know it's a lot of money, so you start looking for ways to justify it.

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You might not even be justifying it to other people.

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It is for you.

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It's totally normal to look for ways to make ourselves feel better about big purchases.

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So what happens very often is you tell yourself this is an investment.

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You'll use it for years.

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It's good quality.

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It might even save you money in the long run.

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And once that idea is in your head, something really interesting happens.

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You start noticing things that support that decision.

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Reviews about durability, articles about posture or productivity, people online saying it's worth every single penny.

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Meanwhile, you ignore the downsides, even if you don't mean to.

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This is a form of confirmation bias.

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When we want something badly enough,

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our brains get very good at finding reasons to justify the purchase whilst ignoring all the reasons not to buy it.

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The problem is telling yourself that these luxury, somewhat, purchases are an investment won't actually make it true.

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They're unlikely to grow in value.

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They're not going to generate income.

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They're not going to improve your financial position.

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Sure, they might make life more comfortable or enjoyable and that is fine, but they're not improving your financial position.

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They are just nice things.

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And honestly, that's enough of a reason to buy something.

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You don't need to dress it up as an investment to give yourself permission.

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Just be honest about what it is so

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that you could put it in the right category in your budget and think about that spending in the right way.

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And then you can make that decision from there.

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Number six, extended warranties.

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Let's imagine you're about to buy something, a laptop, a TV, a kitchen appliance.

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You've done your research, you're happy with the price and you're about to check out.

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And then it appears, would you like to add an extended warranty for just a five or a month?

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It feels small, it feels sensible, better safe than sorry, right?

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But here's what's actually going on.

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Most products don't break during the extended warranty period.

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And when they do, the cost of repair is often less than what you already paid for the warranty itself.

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So in a lot of cases, you've spent money on protection you never needed for a problem

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that either never happened or would have cost less to fix anyway.

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What a lot of people also don't realize is that you're probably already covered.

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Most products actually come with a manufacturer's warranty.

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Retailers often have their own return and repair policies.

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And if you pay by credit card, there's a very, very good chance that your card automatically extends the warranty on purchases anyway.

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Extended warranties are pushed so hard at checkout because they're incredibly profitable for the company selling them.

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That's the whole point.

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Most people never use them and that's exactly how the model works.

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So instead of paying for one, a better option is to build your own small repair fund, set a little aside each month.

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And if something breaks and you're out of warranty, you've got it covered.

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You keep the money either way instead of handing it over just in case.

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Number seven, which might sound a little controversial at first, and that is weddings.

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And I'm not actually going to say they're a complete waste of money

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because I am of the opinion

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that this is one of the few days in your life where you

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and your partner will have everyone you both love in one place.

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And so it is worth spending some money on.

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But the question is, how much? from my own experience and from talking to friends,

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one of the first things that people do when they start planning a wedding is they go to look at some venues.

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Someone will show you around, maybe give you a glass of champagne.

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At the end of your tour, you'll usually be handed a brochure with some prizes on.

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Now, for some people, that price can come as a shock because straight away it is out of their budget.

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For others, and this is an experience that some of my friends have had, it's actually lower than they were expecting.

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So they lock in a date, they tell all their friends and they start planning everything around it.

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And this is where costs start to spiral.

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You've got suits, you've got dresses, you've got a photographer, you've got a DJ, you've got all these extra costs.

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But on top of that, the venue itself will often charge extra for things you assumed were included.

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Suddenly there's a fee for reception drinks, a charge for cutting the cake, the cost of your room the night before.

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And if your friends are already married, there's a good chance you'll feel pressure to include things from their weddings too,

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even if it means blowing your budget.

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And because most people only plan to do this once, it is very easy to let the budget rules slide a little.

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Telling yourself it's a one -off is going to be worth it.

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And maybe it is, but if you end up borrowing money to pay for your wedding, things have probably gone too far.

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The last thing you need at the start of a marriage is debt from the day itself.

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So before anything else, write down exactly what you can afford to spend and stick to it.

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List the things that genuinely matter to you and your partner and give yourself permission to skip the rest.

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Saying no to family isn't easy, but doing it early saves a lot of stress later on, especially when they're not the ones putting the bill.

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And number eight, streaming subscriptions.

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The average American spends $552 a year on streaming subscriptions

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and 10 % of people are paying for more than five services at the same time.

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Now I want to be clear, spending money on streaming isn't automatically a bad thing.

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I talk a lot about cutting back on things you don't love so you can spend more on things that you do.

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So if you're genuinely watching TV for hours every day, $46 a month is actually pretty reasonable.

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But I'd guess that most of you aren't doing that.

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You're probably only watching a fraction of what you're paying for.

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And I bet that there are whole months where you barely touch certain platforms

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because you're busy or because you're watching something on a different service or you just forgot it was there.

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So here's a useful way to think about it.

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Pick one of your streaming services and ask yourself,

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how much would I need to watch this month to make me feel like it was worth the money.

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So let's say you decide two shows is a threshold.

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If each show is around eight hours long, that's 16 hours of watching on one platform.

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Now multiply that across four services,

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that's 64 hours of content a month you'd need to get through to feel like you're getting value from all of them.

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Is that really realistic?

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I canceled two of mine last year and honestly did not miss them.

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Not one bit.

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The reality is most of us are paying for the idea of having lots of options, not because we're actually using them.

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So just do a quick audit, go through your subscriptions, work out which ones you actually used last month,

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and cancel anything that doesn't make the cut.

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You can always resubscribe when there's something you actually want to watch.

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And I don't want you to watch this video and think I'm attacking you for spending money on non -essentials.

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I mean, I had a wedding, I don't always make the most of my subscriptions, and I sometimes make expensive purchases that I regret later.

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I used to be a lot worse, repeatedly wasting money month after month without realizing it.

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But now I have my money set up in such a way that the occasional blip doesn't completely derail my finances.

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So I budget for big luxury purchases and I review my spending regularly.

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That way, any money mistakes are identified really quickly and I can get back on track.

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Thank you so much for watching.

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If this video helped you spot a few spending habits you didn't think about before,

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let me know in the comments which ones you relate to most and whether there are other money pitfalls that I've missed.

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Thank you so much for watching.

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Don't forget to subscribe if you haven't already.

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And I hope to see you again next week.

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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “8 Things That Are a Complete WASTE of Your Money”. Video này có 263 câu và 3538 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 18:31. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 191 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 87% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng dễ theo.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

Từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa
diamond danh từ	/ˈdaɪ.ə.mənd/	kim cương
repair động từ	/ˈɹiːpɛɚ/	chửa, sửa chữa
mortgage danh từ	/ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/	quyền cầm cố
habit danh từ	/ˈhæb.ɪt/	thói quen
plum danh từ	/plʌm/	màu mận, mận
ignore động từ	/ɪɡˈnɔː/	lơ, lờ
bedroom danh từ	/ˈbɛdˌɹum/	phòng ngủ, buồng ngủ
shock danh từ	/ʃɔk/	choáng, ngạc nhiên
salary danh từ	/ˈsæləɹi/	lương
convince động từ	/kənˈvɪns/	thuyết phục
bias danh từ	/ˈbaɪ.əs/	thiên vị, thiên kiến
cancel động từ	/ˈkæn.sl̩/	hủy, hủy bỏ
borrow động từ	/ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/	mượn, vay
fraction danh từ	/ˈfɹæk.ʃən/	phần, tỷ lệ
earn động từ	/ɝn/	kiếm

Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe

Từ	Nghĩa
check out động từ	tính tiền, trả phòng
write down động từ	viết ra, ghi xuống

Những câu đáng luyện lại

Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:

If this sounds familiar, it's not your fault.
The only difference is what you've already spent.
First, how often will you actually use it?
Are you someone who upgrades your phone every year?
Let's imagine you're thinking about buying something expensive.

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúc	Trong video
“Used to” used to + động từ — thói quen hoặc tình trạng trong quá khứ nay không còn	used to upgrade · used to be
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại	You've probably heard · we've already put · you've paid
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm	are paid · is spread · isn't broken
Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật	once, which is · someone who upgrades · people who deposit

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 108 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ you're, you've, don't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

Âm “th”: thin /ˈθɪn/, breathe /bɹiːð/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
Âm “sh” và “zh”: subscription /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/, luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/, shock /ʃɔk/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/
Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, automatic /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/, photographer /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/

Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:

Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: diamond /ˈdaɪ.ə.mənd/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, whilst /waɪlst/, engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ.mənt/, convince /kənˈvɪns/
Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: mortgage /ˈmoɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/, justify /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪ/, genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/, engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ.mənt/, encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/
Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: habit /ˈhæb.ɪt/, salary /ˈsæləɹi/, cancel /ˈkæn.sl̩/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, badly /ˈbæd.li/

Cách luyện với video này

Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như diamond, repair, mortgage.

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

Phương pháp shadowing: đọc hướng dẫn từng bước đầy đủ →

Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: 8 Things That Are a Complete WASTE of Your Money

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