Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: How to Use Could, Would & Should in Real English Conversations
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1
Michael, quick question.
2
Hey, Olivia.
3
Absolutely.
4
What is on your mind today?
5
Um, what is the exact difference between could, would, and should?
Ừm, sự khác biệt chính xác giữa could, would và should là gì?
6
Oh, wow.
Ôi, trời ơi.
7
That is a big one.
Đó là một vấn đề lớn đấy.
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I know.
Tôi biết.
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I hear them absolutely everywhere.
Tôi nghe thấy chúng ở khắp mọi nơi.
10
Exactly.
Chính xác.
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On TV, at work, on the street.
Trên TV, ở nơi làm việc, trên đường phố.
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Yes, but honestly, I never know which one to use.
Đúng vậy, nhưng thành thật mà nói, tôi không bao giờ biết nên dùng cái nào.
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Ha ha ha.
Ha ha ha.
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That is exactly where most English learners get confused.
Đó chính xác là điểm mà hầu hết người học tiếng Anh đều gặp bối rối.
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Totally.
Hoàn toàn đồng ý.
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I just guess most of the time.
Tôi hầu như chỉ đoán mò thôi.
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Well, you are not alone, Olivia, but perfect timing, Olivia.
Chà, Olivia, bạn không đơn độc đâu, mà đến đúng lúc luôn rồi Olivia.
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Really?
Thật sao?
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Why?
Tại sao?
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Because today we are going to make it very, very simple.
Bởi vì hôm nay chúng ta sẽ làm cho nó thật đơn giản thôi.
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Oh, I hope so.
Ồ, tôi hy vọng vậy.
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My brain is tired of rules.
Bộ não của tôi mệt mỏi với những quy tắc.
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Listen to me.
Nghe tôi nói.
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After this short lesson, you will choose them automatically.
Sau bài học ngắn này, bạn sẽ chọn chúng một cách tự động.
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Automatically?
Tự động chứ?
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No thinking?
Không suy nghĩ à?
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Zero thinking.
Không suy nghĩ gì cả.
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You see, Olivia, I have a secret for you.
Olivia, nghe này, tôi có một bí mật cho bạn đấy.
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Ooh, I love secrets.
Ôi, tôi thích những bí mật lắm.
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Tell me.
Nói cho tôi biết đi.
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You do not have a grammar problem.
Bạn không có vấn đề về ngữ pháp.
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I don't?
Tôi thì không à?
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No. You have a politeness problem.
Không. Bạn có vấn đề về sự lịch sự đấy.
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Wait, what?
Khoan, cái gì thế?
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A politeness problem?
Vấn đề về sự lịch sự à?
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Am I rude?
Tôi có thô lỗ không?
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No, no. Not rude, but in English, we use these words to show respect.
Không, không đâu. Không phải là bất lịch sự đâu, mà trong tiếng Anh, chúng tôi dùng những từ này để thể hiện sự tôn trọng.
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Ah, I understand.
À, tôi hiểu rồi.
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So my promise to you today is this.
Vì vậy, lời hứa của tôi với các bạn hôm nay là thế này.
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You will learn how to sound polite, natural, and confident using just three little words.
Bạn sẽ học cách nói chuyện lịch sự, tự nhiên và tự tin chỉ với ba từ nhỏ.
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Wow.
Ồ trời.
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Three words?
Ba từ?
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Exactly.
Chính xác.
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Now, before we start...
Bây giờ, trước khi chúng ta bắt đầu...
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Yeah?
Vâng?
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I want you to relax.
Tôi muốn bạn thư giãn.
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Take a deep breath.
Hít một hơi thật sâu.
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Okay.
Được rồi.
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Breathing in and out.
Hít vào và thở ra.
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Awesome.
Tuyệt vời.
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Because there are no boring grammar rules today.
Bởi vì hôm nay không có những quy tắc ngữ pháp nhàm chán nào cả.
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Oh, thank goodness.
Ôi, cảm ơn trời.
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I really hate grammar.
Tôi thực sự ghét ngữ pháp.
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I know you do.
Tôi biết bạn là như vậy.
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This is not grammar, Olivia.
Đây không phải là ngữ pháp, Olivia.
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This is real conversation.
Đây là cuộc hội thoại thật sự.
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Perfect.
Hoàn hảo.
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I am ready.
Tôi đã sẵn sàng.
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What is the big idea?
Ý tưởng chính là gì?
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The big idea is that three words change everything.
Ý tưởng chính là ba từ sẽ thay đổi mọi thứ.
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Just three?
Chỉ có ba thôi à?
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Just three.
Chỉ có ba cái thôi.
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Could, would, and should.
Có thể, sẽ và nên.
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They sound so small.
Chúng nghe có vẻ nhỏ bé quá.
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They are small, but they completely change your personality in English.
Chúng tuy nhỏ bé nhưng lại hoàn toàn thay đổi cách bạn thể hiện tính cách khi dùng tiếng Anh.
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My personality?
Tính cách của tôi?
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How?
Làm sao?
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Imagine you were wearing a very casual t-shirt.
Hãy tưởng tượng bạn đang mặc một chiếc áo phông rất thoải mái.
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Okay, I am imagining it.
Được rồi, tôi đang tưởng tượng ra nó rồi.
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That is normal English.
Đó là tiếng Anh thông thường.
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But when you put on a nice clean suit… Oh, I look professional.
Nhưng khi bạn mặc một bộ đồ sạch sẽ, đẹp đẽ… Ồ, trông tôi thật chuyên nghiệp.
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Exactly.
Chính xác.
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These three words are the business suit of the English language.
Ba từ này chính là bộ vest lịch sự của ngôn ngữ tiếng Anh.
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Wow, I love that picture in my head.
Ồ, tôi thích cái hình ảnh đó trong đầu tôi quá.
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Awesome.
Tuyệt vời.
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Let us put on our business suit and look at the first word.
Hãy mặc lên bộ đồ công sở của chúng ta và cùng xem xét từ đầu tiên.
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Let's do it.
Làm thôi.
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Which one is first?
Cái nào là cái đầu tiên?
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The first word is could.
Từ đầu tiên là could.
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C-O-U-L-D. Could.
C-O-U-L-D. Could.
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Correct.
Đúng vậy.
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Now, Olivia, imagine you are in a big office.
Bây giờ, Olivia, hãy tưởng tượng rằng bạn đang ở trong một văn phòng lớn.
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Okay.
Được rồi.
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Big office, glass windows, busy people.
Văn phòng lớn, cửa sổ kính, những người đang bận rộn.
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Yes.
Vâng.
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And your hands are full of heavy boxes.
Và hai tay bạn đang đầy những chiếc hộp nặng.
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Oh, no. My arms hurt.
Ôi không. Cánh tay tôi đau quá.
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You walk to a door.
Bạn đi bộ đến một cánh cửa.
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A man is standing there.
Một người đàn ông đang đứng ở đó.
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What do you say?
Bạn nói gì thế?
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I say, can you open the door?
Này, bạn mở cửa được không?
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Good.
Tốt.
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That is normal English.
Đó là tiếng Anh thông thường.
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Is it bad?
Có sao không?
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Not bad, but listen to this.
Không tệ, nhưng nghe cái này đi.
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Could you open the door?
Bạn có thể mở cửa được không?
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Oh, could you opened a door?
Ồ, bạn có thể mở cửa được không?
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Yes.
Vâng.
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How does that feel?
Cảm giác đó thế nào?
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It feels softer, more gentle.
Nó cảm thấy mềm mại hơn, dịu nhẹ hơn.
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Absolutely.
Chắc chắn rồi.
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That is the magic of could.
Đó chính là sự kỳ diệu của từ “có thể”.
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So can is just normal.
Vậy thì cái can đó chỉ là bình thường thôi.
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Yes, can is normal.
Vâng, cái đó là bình thường.
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It asks about ability.
Câu hỏi này liên quan đến năng lực.
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Like do your arms work?
Thế thì cánh tay của bạn có hoạt động được không?
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Exactly. But could.
Chính xác. Nhưng mà có thể.
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Could is a polite request.
Could là một dạng yêu cầu lịch sự.
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I see.
Tôi hiểu rồi.
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It sounds much more respectful.
Nghe có vẻ lịch sự hơn nhiều.
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Definitely.
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Now, let us practice this in a real business situation.
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OK.
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Give me a situation.
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You are in an important meeting with a big client.
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Ooh, a meeting.
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High pressure.
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You need the client to look at a document.
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OK.
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Do you say, can you read this file?
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No, that sounds like a command.
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Exactly.
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It sounds like you were the boss giving orders.
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I should use could.
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Yes.
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Tell me the sentence.
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Could you read this file?
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Excellent.
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Oh, wait.
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Could you read this file, please?
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Wow.
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Even better.
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You sound like a top manager now.
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I feel powerful but polite.
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That is the perfect description.
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Powerful but polite.
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Can we do another one?
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Absolutely.
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You are working on a new project.
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All right.
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A project.
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You don't understand a part of it.
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You need help from your co-worker.
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Okay.
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I go to my co-worker's desk.
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What do you say?
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Could you explain this project to me?
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Perfect.
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How did that feel?
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It felt really natural.
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Like, I respect his time.
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True.
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Very true.
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So, could is for asking people to do things nicely.
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Exactly.
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Could makes you sound respectful.
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I love it.
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Could you help me?
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Could you send the file?
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Could you explain the project?
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You are a natural, Olivia.
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Thanks, Michael.
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What is the next word?
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The next word changes your desires into gold.
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Oh, sounds expensive.
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What is it?
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The word is wood.
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Wood.
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W-O-U-L-D.
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Wood.
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Yes.
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Now let us draw another picture in your mind.
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Okay.
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My eyes are closed.
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Paint the picture.
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You are in a beautiful, quiet café.
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Mmm, I can smell the coffee.
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The waiter comes to your table.
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Okay.
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What do you say to him?
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I say, I want coffee.
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Ah, I want coffee.
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Is that rude?
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Well, imagine a little child crying.
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What do they say?
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They say, I want a toy.
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I want candy.
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Exactly.
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I want is a bit aggressive.
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It's just raw emotion.
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Oh, no. I don't want to sound like a crying child in a cafe. Of course not.
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So, let us upgrade your English.
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Yes, please, upgrade me.
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Instead of, I want coffee, say this, I would like a coffee.
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I would like a coffee.
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Yes, listen to the music in that sentence.
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Oh, wow.
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I would like a coffee.
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It sounds so elegant.
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Doesn't it?
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It completely changes the mood.
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It does.
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The waiter will definitely smile at me now.
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Absolutely.
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Would makes your desire polite.
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So, I want is direct, but I would like is polite.
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Exactly.
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Now let's take would to the office.
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Back to the business suit.
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Yes, you need to speak with your manager.
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Okay.
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You don't say, I want a meeting with you.
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No, no, that sounds like I'm firing him.
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Exactly.
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So what do you say?
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I would like a meeting with you.
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Perfect.
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Very professional.
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Okay, let me try another one.
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Go ahead.
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I want to discuss the project.
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No, wait!
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Catch yourself.
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Fix it.
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I would like to discuss the project.
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Excellent.
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You sound like a true professional.
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Wow, this is actually fun.
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See?
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No grammar.
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Just feelings and situations.
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Definitely.
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It feels like acting in a movie.
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It is.
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Now, what if you see a co-worker carrying heavy boxes?
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Oh, the box situation again.
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Yes, but this time you are helping them.
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Okay.
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You don't say, do you want help?
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Why not?
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Is that bad?
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It is okay, but it's casual.
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Let's make it a polite offer.
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Oh, how do I use would for a question?
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Very simple.
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You switch it.
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Would you like?
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Ah, would you like some help?
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Awesome.
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Say it again with a big smile.
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Would you like some help?
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Yes, you just offered help in the most polite way possible.
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This is blowing my mind, Michael.
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I told you.
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Three little words.
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So, let me make sure I understand.
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Take your time.
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Summarize it for me.
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If I want someone to do something for me...
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Yes?
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I use could.
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Like, could you open the door?
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Spot on.
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That is a polite request.
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And if I want something for myself...
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I use would, like, I would like a coffee.
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Perfect.
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That is a polite desire.
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And if I want to offer something to someone...
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Yes, what do you use?
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I use would again, like, would you like a coffee?
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Absolutely brilliant, Olivia.
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Oh my gosh, I feel so smart right now.
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You are smart.
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You just needed to see the feelings behind words.
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Yeah, exactly.
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The grammar books never explain the feeling.
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Now they just give you formulas.
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Subject plus verb.
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Boring. So boring.
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But now I see the pictures.
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The cafe, the office.
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Visualizing it makes it stick in your brain forever.
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Totally.
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Okay, I have could, I have would.
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Which leaves us with one more word.
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The third word.
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Yes.
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Are you ready for a new situation?
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I am so ready.
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Give me a challenge.
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Okay, let's take a deep breath because this one is very important for life and work.
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Breathing in.
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I am ready.
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Awesome.
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The third magic word is should.
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S-H-O-U-L-D. Should.
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Exactly.
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Now close your eyes again.
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Closed.
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What is the picture this time?
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You are sitting at your desk.
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You look very stressed.
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Oh, I hate being stressed.
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You have a massive problem with your project.
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A huge problem.
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My head hurts.
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I am your friend at the office.
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I see you crying.
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Oh, no. Poor me.
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I want to help you.
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I look at you and say, talk to your manager.
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Ouch.
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That sounds really strong.
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Yes.
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How does it feel in your chest?
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It feels like an order, like you are shouting at me.
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Exactly.
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Talk to your manager is a command.
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And I am already stressed.
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I do not need orders.
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True.
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So let us use our third magic word.
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OK.
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How do I fix it?
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Listen to this.
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You should talk to your manager.
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Oh, you should talk to your manager.
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Yes.
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How does that feel now?
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It feels so much better.
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Like you actually care about me.
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Absolutely.
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That is the true power of should.
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It feels like a warm hug for my stressed brain.
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A warm hug.
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I love that picture.
338
So, should is not an order?
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No, never.
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Should is advice.
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Advice.
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Like a friendly suggestion.
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Exactly.
344
You're giving someone a good idea.
345
But they do not have to do it?
346
Correct.
347
It is totally their choice.
348
You're just helping.
349
Wow.
350
That is very polite and safe.
351
Definitely.
352
Let us try some real situations.
353
Hit me.
354
I am ready.
355
Your co-worker looks extremely tired today.
356
He has dark circles under his eyes.
357
Yes.
358
What is your advice?
359
You should take a break.
360
Perfect.
361
Very kind and very professional.
362
Oh, I like this.
363
Give me another one.
364
Your friend has an important presentation tomorrow.
365
Okay.
366
But he is playing video games instead of repairing.
367
Oh, no. Bad idea.
368
What do you tell him?
369
You should study more.
370
Excellent.
371
Friendly advice.
372
No screaming.
373
Yeah, exactly.
374
If I just say, study more, I sound angry.
375
Totally.
376
Now a big business situation.
377
Okay, putting my professional business suit back on.
378
The team cannot agree on the project direction.
379
We are stuck.
380
You need the boss to step in and fix it.
381
What do you say?
382
You should make a decision.
383
Spot on.
384
You should make a decision.
385
It sounds helpful, not pushy.
386
Exactly.
387
You are guiding them, not pushing them.
388
This is so clear now.
389
Should means advice.
390
Awesome.
391
Now, Olivia, we reached the most exciting part of today.
392
Oh, more exciting than the magic words?
393
This is where we put all the magic together, the smart comparison.
394
Okay, my brain is 100% focused.
395
We will look at the same situation, but change the feeling.
396
Same idea, different feeling.
397
I love it.
398
Situation 1.
399
You need help.
400
Okay.
401
Normal English.
402
Can you help me?
403
Polite English.
404
Could you help me?
405
Boom.
406
See the difference?
407
Yes.
408
One is a basic question.
409
One is a respectful request.
410
Exactly.
411
Situation 2.
412
You are thirsty.
413
Okay.
414
I want a drink.
415
Normal English.
416
I want coffee.
417
Polite English.
418
I would like coffee.
419
Beautiful.
420
What changed there?
421
I want is like a baby.
422
I would like is a professional choice.
423
Yes.
424
Situation three.
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Your friend is confused at work.
426
Okay.
427
Normal English.
428
Talk to your boss.
429
Polite English.
430
You should talk to your boss.
431
Fantastic.
432
What is the difference?
433
Talk to your boss is an order.
434
You should is kind advice.
435
You nailed it.
436
You absolutely nailed it.
437
Wow, it really is just a politeness problem.
438
See, I told you, no boring grammar rules.
439
Just feelings, pictures, and respect.
440
Exactly.
441
Now it is time to open the error lab.
442
The error lab sounds a little dangerous.
443
It is safe.
444
I will pretend to be a bad English speaker.
445
Oh, this will be very funny.
446
You have to fix my rude sentences.
447
Ready?
448
Ready.
449
Bring on the bad English.
450
Hey, Olivia.
451
You must help me right now.
452
Oh, wow.
453
Yikes.
454
That is terrible.
455
Fix it for me.
456
Could you help me, please?
457
Perfect.
458
Much better.
459
Here is another one.
460
Okay.
461
Let me hear it.
462
Hey, I want a meeting with you today.
463
Oh, no. So aggressive.
464
Fix it.
465
I would like a meeting with you today.
466
Awesome.
467
My ears feel better already.
468
Do you have any more?
469
Yes.
470
One last mistake.
471
Listen to this.
472
I am listening.
473
Your project is bad.
474
Fix it.
475
Oh my gosh.
476
I would cry if a co-worker said that.
477
How do you make it polite advice?
478
Hmm, let me think.
479
You should check your project again.
480
Brilliant.
481
You turned an insult into helpful advice.
482
This feels like a communication superpower.
483
It really is.
484
Words have incredible power, Olivia.
485
They really do.
486
Could, would, should.
487
My new best friends.
488
Awesome.
489
Now prepare for the ultimate test.
490
The ultimate test?
491
Am I ready for this?
492
You are more than ready.
493
We are doing a real role play.
494
A scene?
495
Like in a movie?
496
Exactly.
497
No explanations.
498
Just pure, natural conversation.
499
Okay.
500
What is the setting?
501
We are at the office.
502
We are working on a big project together.
503
Got it.
504
I am in character. And action.
505
Hey, Michael.
506
Are you busy?
507
Hi, Olivia.
508
A little bit.
509
What is up?
510
Could you send me the marketing file?
511
Sure.
512
I can send that.
513
Anything else?
514
Yes.
515
I would like to discuss the new budget with you later.
516
Oh, the budget.
517
Yeah, we definitely need to look at that.
518
I notice some numbers are low.
519
You should check the final results.
520
Good catch, Olivia.
521
I will do that right now.
522
Thanks, Michael.
523
Would you like me to book a meeting room?
524
Yes, please.
525
That would be great.
526
Done. And cut.
527
Wow, that was so smooth.
528
It was absolutely perfect.
529
You sounded exactly like a native speaker.
530
I felt so confident.
531
I used could, would, and should without stopping.
532
You did.
533
You didn't even think about grammar.
534
Not at all.
535
I just thought about the feeling and the situation.
536
That is the big secret to fluency, my friend.
537
I am so happy right now.
538
My brain is not tired at all.
539
That is the goal.
540
Let us do a quick mental summary to lock it in forever.
541
Lock it in.
542
Let's go.
543
Word number one, could.
544
Polite request.
545
Like, could you open the door?
546
Exactly.
547
Word number two, would.
548
Polite desire or offer.
549
Like, I would like coffee.
550
Spot on.
551
Word number three, should.
552
Friendly advice.
553
Like, you should take a break.
554
Olivia, you are officially a master of politeness in English.
555
Thank you, Professor Michael.
556
So, what is our golden sentence for today?
557
Ooh, a golden sentence.
558
Tell me.
559
Speak English, but speak it nicely.
560
Speak English, but speak it nicely.
561
I really love that.
562
It changes how the whole world treats you.
563
I believe it.
564
If I am polite, people actually want to help me.
565
Absolutely true.
566
You get what you give in communication.
567
This was honestly the best English lesson ever.
568
I am so glad you enjoyed it, Olivia.
569
So, what about everyone listening to us right now?
570
Ah, yes.
571
We have a tiny bit of homework for our amazing listeners.
572
Oh, homework.
573
But fun homework, right?
574
Very fun.
575
No stressful tests, I promise.
576
What do they have to do?
577
I want you, the listener, to go to the comments right now.
578
Open the comments, grab your keyboards.
579
And write three simple sentences.
580
One for each magic word?
581
Exactly.
582
Write one sentence using could.
583
Like a polite request.
584
Yes.
585
Then write one sentence using would.
586
Like a polite wish or a nice offer.
587
Perfect.
588
And finally, write one sentence using should. Should.
589
Give us some friendly advice.
590
Exactly.
591
I am going to read every single comment.
592
And I will read them too.
593
If you make a small mistake, do not worry at all.
594
The error lab is open.
595
We will help you fix it gently.
596
Absolutely.
597
We're here to help you speak with real confidence.
598
This learning community is so awesome.
599
It really is.
600
So do not be shy.
601
Drop your sentences below.
602
Could you write a comment?
603
I would like to read it.
604
Look at you, using the lesson already.
605
You should see my big smile right now.
606
That was incredibly clever, Olivia.
607
I try my best.
608
I try.
609
Well, that is all for today's lesson.
610
Thank you so much, Michael.
611
I learned a lot.
612
And a big thank you to everyone listening.
613
Keep practicing.
614
You are doing great.
615
Remember, you do not have a grammar problem.
616
You have a politeness problem.
617
But not anymore.
618
Not anymore.
619
Before you go, support the channel.
620
Like the video and subscribe for more lessons.
621
And if you want real English conversations, check out our new channel, Talk English Podcast.
622
On that channel, you will find amazing podcasts to improve your listening skills with real topics.
623
Check the link in the description or the pinned comment below.
624
Go subscribe.
625
You will love it.
626
See you in the next lesson.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Video này có 626 câu và 2871 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 20:56. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 137 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. 86% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| polite tính từ | /pəˈlaɪt/ | lịch sự, lễ phép |
| grammar danh từ | /ˈɡɹæm.ə(ɹ)/ | ngữ pháp, văn phạm |
| lesson danh từ | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | bài, bài học |
| worker danh từ | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | công nhân |
| breathe động từ | /bɹiːð/ | thở, hô hấp |
| bore động từ | /boɹ/ | khoan, đục |
| homework danh từ | /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ | bài tập, bài tập về nhà |
| respectful tính từ | /ɹɪˈspɛkt.fl̩/ | lễ phép, kính cẩn |
| desk danh từ | /dɛsk/ | bàn |
| helpful tính từ | /ˈhɛlp.fl̩/ | hay giúp đỡ |
| aggressive tính từ | /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/ | xâm lược |
| nail danh từ | /neɪl/ | móng, móng tay |
| subscribe động từ | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | đăng kí |
| waiter danh từ | /ˈweɪ̯təː/ | người hầu bàn, chị hầu bàn |
| listener danh từ | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | thính giả, người nghe |
Cụm động từ bạn sẽ nghe
| Từ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|
| check out động từ | tính tiền, trả phòng |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 11 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ don't, you're, didn't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: breathe /bɹiːð/, smooth /smuːð/, thirsty /ˈθɝs.ti/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: casual /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/, gosh /ɡɑːʃ/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, suggestion /səˈd͡ʒɛst.ʃən/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như polite, grammar, lesson.
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Lời khuyên với “should” should + động từ — nói điều nên làm | should use · should talk · should is |
| So sánh nhất the -est / the most … — mức cao nhất hoặc thấp nhất trong một nhóm | the most polite · the most exciting · the best |
| Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn am/is/are + -ing — việc đang diễn ra lúc nói hoặc quanh thời điểm này | am imagining · is standing · are working |
| Tương lai với “will” will + động từ — quyết định, lời hứa hoặc dự đoán | will choose · will learn · will definitely smile |
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.