Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: ZERO TO ONE by Peter Thiel | Core Message
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101 câu
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I recently read the book
Gần đây tôi đã đọc cuốn sách đó
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Zero to One by author Peter Thiel.
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Author Peter Thiel was the co -founder and CEO of PayPal, and in 2002, he sold PayPal to eBay for $1 .5 billion.
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After the sale, the original members of Peter Thiel's team at PayPal, people he personally hired and mentored,
Sau vụ bán công ty, những thành viên ban đầu trong nhóm của Peter Thiel tại PayPal, những người mà ông đã trực tiếp tuyển dụng và hướng dẫn,
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went on to create companies such as Yelp, LinkedIn, and YouTube.
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These billion -dollar companies have fundamentally changed the way we use the internet today.
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Based on the number of successful companies that
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Peter Thiel has influenced, it seems that he knows the secret to building a billion -dollar business and building a better future.
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After reading Peter Thiel's book, Zero to One, I've discovered three counterintuitive ways to think about starting a business and building a better future.
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First, bet on a contrarian truth.
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Try to answer the following question.
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What important truth do very few people agree with you on?
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Steve Jobs knew the truth about how we would use a smartphone in the future.
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Jobs knew that we didn't need or want a physical keyboard, but almost everyone at that time disagreed with him.
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Uber and Airbnb bet on the contrarian truth that you
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and I would be willing to get in a stranger's car or stay in a stranger's house.
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Netflix bet on the contrarian truth that most of us love to binge watch TV.
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The best answers to the contrarian question reveal a truth about how people will act in the future in ways
Những câu trả lời tốt nhất cho câu hỏi mang tính phản biện sẽ làm sáng tỏ một sự thật về cách mọi người sẽ hành động trong tương lai.
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that are either unwilling to admit right now or are unaware of.
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Now, why is it so important to bet your business on a contrarian truth?
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Well, if you don't, you'll be on the fast track to bankruptcy.
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Peter Thiel says, all failed companies are the same.
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They fail to escape competition.
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When you bet your business on a contrarian truth, you'll dramatically increase your odds of avoiding competition, mainly because most people will think you're crazy
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and ignore you long enough for you to build a significant lead in a particular market it
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that will make it hard for anyone to catch you.
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But here's a word of caution.
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Make sure you bet on a contrarian truth whose time has come.
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In the late 2000s, there was something called the Greentech Revolution.
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The Greentech Revolution was based on a contrarian truth
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that we would all go from non -renewable resources like oil and natural gas to renewable resources like solar and wind.
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It may have been and it still will be a truth of humanity, but it was a truth whose time hadn't come yet.
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Solar panel technology wasn't where it needed to be to make the green tech revolution feasible at that time.
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So before starting a business, ask yourself, is my success dependent on outworking the competition
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or being courageous enough to bet on a contrarian truth whose time has come?
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Counterintuitive business mindset number two.
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If you want to start a big business start by dominating a small market.
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When Jeff Bezos started Amazon, he had the idea of creating an everything store, but he didn't start by building an everything store.
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Instead, he focused on dominating a small niche market.
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That niche market was online book sales.
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It was a great initial market to dominate because all books are roughly the same size and shape, so they're easy to ship.
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Plus, book readers are a great target market because they're well -educated
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and typically have disposable income that they would be able to spend on future goods
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that Bezos would offer in his everything store.
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Because Jeff Bezos could dominate a small niche market,
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he could generate enough cash flow free of competition to help fund his expansion into adjacent markets like online CD
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and DVD sales, and he had the infrastructure in place to go on to dominate those markets.
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When starting your business, don't try to get 1 % of a billion -dollar market.
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Instead, try to get 80 % of a million -dollar market.
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Author Peter Thiel says, Whoever is first to dominate the most important segment of the
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market with viral potential will be the last mover in the whole market.
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Counterintuitive business mindset number three.
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Strive to be a monopoly.
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Now, you might be thinking, wait, aren't monopolies evil?
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Well, yes, a monopoly that bullies its competitors and takes advantage of its customers is evil.
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But most monopolies today actually don't act like that.
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Most monopolies are actually good for the world.
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Google has a search engine monopoly.
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And because of that monopoly, they can generate so much profit, which allows them to give back to society in a big way.
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If Google didn't have a search engine monopoly,
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do you think they would pursue projects like free internet for everyone or Google Maps and self -driving cars.
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When you establish a monopoly, you prevent the competition from eating away your profits, and that ensures that you stay in business.
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If you aim for anything short of being a monopoly, you're aiming to go out of business.
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There are four ways to become a monopoly and secure a high profit margin without bribing politicians or resorting to organized crime.
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To understand these four ways, just think of the big four.
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Apple, Google, Facebook, Amazon.
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Monopoly method number one, brand association.
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What brand comes to mind when you think of an electronic device that makes you look fashionable?
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I'm guessing it's Apple.
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And if Apple is the first brand that most people think of
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when they consider buying a device that makes them look cool, it's tough for any other brand to compete in the market of fashionable consumer electronics.
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Monopoly method number two, proprietary technology.
Phương pháp độc quyền thứ hai, công nghệ độc quyền.
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Why do the majority of people use Google instead of Bing?
Tại sao phần lớn mọi người sử dụng Google thay vì Bing?
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Well, personally, I use Google instead of Bing because I feel that my search results are 10 times better on Google.
Về cá nhân tôi, tôi dùng Google thay vì Bing vì tôi cảm thấy kết quả tìm kiếm trên Google tốt hơn gấp 10 lần.
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Since Google's algorithms are 10 times better than its competitor, and those algorithms are proprietary, it's nearly impossible to copy them and catch up to them.
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Monopoly method number three, network effects.
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Why do you use Facebook or Instagram over other new and probably better designed social media platforms?
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I'd guess it's because most of your friends are already on Facebook
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or Instagram and are unlikely to switch to a new platform.
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The more people on the Facebook or Instagram network, the harder it is to compete with them.
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Monopoly method number four, economies of scale.
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Why do you think that Amazon can offer free shipping on a hundred pound sofa
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when most furniture retailers charge you $50 to ship that same sofa?
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The answer is economies of scale.
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Because Amazon has such a large infrastructure in place and ships so many products, their fixed operating costs per item are incredibly low,
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which allows them to make more profit on each item and offset the cost of shipping,
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which makes it nearly impossible for smaller retailers to compete with them.
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So in the end, if you want to create a high growth company and build a better future,
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bet on a contrarian truth whose time has come, and then build a big business around that truth by first trying to dominate a small market.
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Once you've proven that you can dominate a small market, expand to adjacent markets,
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and set your sights on becoming a monopoly of a much broader market by either achieving brand association like Apple, using proprietary technology like Google,
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building a superior network like Facebook, or reducing your costs through economies of scale like Amazon.
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That was the core message that I gather from zero to one by Peter Thiel.
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This book is essential reading for any aspiring entrepreneur.
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I highly recommend it.
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If you would like a one -page PDF summary of insights that I gathered from this book, including the seven questions that every entrepreneur must ask,
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just click the link below and I'd be happy to email it to you.
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If you've already subscribed to the free
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Productivity Game email newsletter, this PDF is sitting in your inbox.
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If you like this video, please share it.
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And as always, thanks for watching and have yourself a productive week.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói này dựa trên video “ZERO TO ONE by Peter Thiel”. Những từ được nhắc lại nhiều nhất trong bài: truth, monopoly, contrarian, bet, Google. Video này có 101 câu và 1364 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 8:04. Người nói nói với tốc độ tự nhiên, khoảng 169 từ mỗi phút, gần với hội thoại hằng ngày. 82% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ đáng học trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| monopoly danh từ | /məˈnɑpəli/ | sự độc quyền |
| niche danh từ | /nɪt͡ʃ/ | hốc |
| infrastructure danh từ | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | cơ sở hạ tầng |
| resource danh từ | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | tài nguyên |
| generate động từ | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/ | sinh ra, gây ra |
| adjacent tính từ | /əˈd͡ʒeɪ.sənt/ | bên cạnh, liền |
| algorithm danh từ | /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/ | thuật toán |
| entrepreneur danh từ | /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/ | chủ doanh nghiệp |
| mindset danh từ | /ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt/ | tư duy, tư tưởng |
| competitor danh từ | /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/ | đối thủ |
| sofa danh từ | /ˈsoʊ̯fə/ | xô-pha, ghế xô-pha |
| ignore động từ | /ɪɡˈnɔː/ | lơ, lờ |
| founder danh từ | /ˈfaʊ̯n.dəː/ | người sáng lập |
| reveal động từ | /ɹɪˈviːl/ | để lộ, tiết lộ |
| odd tính từ | /ɑd/ | kỳ cục |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 21 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ didn't, don't, I'd. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, caution /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: monopoly /məˈnɑpəli/, proprietary /pɹəˈpɹaɪ.ə.tə.ɹi/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, competitor /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: adjacent /əˈd͡ʒeɪ.sənt/, resort /ɹɪˈzɔɹt/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/, pound /ˈpaʊ̯nd/, dependent /dɪˈpɛndənt/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: niche /nɪt͡ʃ/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, generate /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/, adjacent /əˈd͡ʒeɪ.sənt/, furniture /ˈfɝ.nɪ.t͡ʃɚ/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như monopoly, niche, infrastructure.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.