Практика Shadowing: ZERO TO ONE by Peter Thiel | Core Message - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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101 предложений
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I recently read the book
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Zero to One by author Peter Thiel.
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Author Peter Thiel was the co -founder and CEO of PayPal, and in 2002, he sold PayPal to eBay for $1 .5 billion.
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After the sale, the original members of Peter Thiel's team at PayPal, people he personally hired and mentored,
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went on to create companies such as Yelp, LinkedIn, and YouTube.
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These billion -dollar companies have fundamentally changed the way we use the internet today.
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Based on the number of successful companies that
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Peter Thiel has influenced, it seems that he knows the secret to building a billion -dollar business and building a better future.
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After reading Peter Thiel's book, Zero to One, I've discovered three counterintuitive ways to think about starting a business and building a better future.
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First, bet on a contrarian truth.
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Try to answer the following question.
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What important truth do very few people agree with you on?
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Steve Jobs knew the truth about how we would use a smartphone in the future.
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Jobs knew that we didn't need or want a physical keyboard, but almost everyone at that time disagreed with him.
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Uber and Airbnb bet on the contrarian truth that you
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and I would be willing to get in a stranger's car or stay in a stranger's house.
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Netflix bet on the contrarian truth that most of us love to binge watch TV.
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The best answers to the contrarian question reveal a truth about how people will act in the future in ways
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that are either unwilling to admit right now or are unaware of.
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Now, why is it so important to bet your business on a contrarian truth?
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Well, if you don't, you'll be on the fast track to bankruptcy.
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Peter Thiel says, all failed companies are the same.
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They fail to escape competition.
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When you bet your business on a contrarian truth, you'll dramatically increase your odds of avoiding competition, mainly because most people will think you're crazy
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and ignore you long enough for you to build a significant lead in a particular market it
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that will make it hard for anyone to catch you.
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But here's a word of caution.
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Make sure you bet on a contrarian truth whose time has come.
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In the late 2000s, there was something called the Greentech Revolution.
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The Greentech Revolution was based on a contrarian truth
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that we would all go from non -renewable resources like oil and natural gas to renewable resources like solar and wind.
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It may have been and it still will be a truth of humanity, but it was a truth whose time hadn't come yet.
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Solar panel technology wasn't where it needed to be to make the green tech revolution feasible at that time.
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So before starting a business, ask yourself, is my success dependent on outworking the competition
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or being courageous enough to bet on a contrarian truth whose time has come?
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Counterintuitive business mindset number two.
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If you want to start a big business start by dominating a small market.
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When Jeff Bezos started Amazon, he had the idea of creating an everything store, but he didn't start by building an everything store.
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Instead, he focused on dominating a small niche market.
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That niche market was online book sales.
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It was a great initial market to dominate because all books are roughly the same size and shape, so they're easy to ship.
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Plus, book readers are a great target market because they're well -educated
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and typically have disposable income that they would be able to spend on future goods
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that Bezos would offer in his everything store.
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Because Jeff Bezos could dominate a small niche market,
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he could generate enough cash flow free of competition to help fund his expansion into adjacent markets like online CD
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and DVD sales, and he had the infrastructure in place to go on to dominate those markets.
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When starting your business, don't try to get 1 % of a billion -dollar market.
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Instead, try to get 80 % of a million -dollar market.
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Author Peter Thiel says, Whoever is first to dominate the most important segment of the
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market with viral potential will be the last mover in the whole market.
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Counterintuitive business mindset number three.
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Strive to be a monopoly.
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Now, you might be thinking, wait, aren't monopolies evil?
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Well, yes, a monopoly that bullies its competitors and takes advantage of its customers is evil.
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But most monopolies today actually don't act like that.
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Most monopolies are actually good for the world.
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Google has a search engine monopoly.
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And because of that monopoly, they can generate so much profit, which allows them to give back to society in a big way.
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If Google didn't have a search engine monopoly,
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do you think they would pursue projects like free internet for everyone or Google Maps and self -driving cars.
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When you establish a monopoly, you prevent the competition from eating away your profits, and that ensures that you stay in business.
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If you aim for anything short of being a monopoly, you're aiming to go out of business.
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There are four ways to become a monopoly and secure a high profit margin without bribing politicians or resorting to organized crime.
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To understand these four ways, just think of the big four.
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Apple, Google, Facebook, Amazon.
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Monopoly method number one, brand association.
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What brand comes to mind when you think of an electronic device that makes you look fashionable?
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I'm guessing it's Apple.
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And if Apple is the first brand that most people think of
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when they consider buying a device that makes them look cool, it's tough for any other brand to compete in the market of fashionable consumer electronics.
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Monopoly method number two, proprietary technology.
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Why do the majority of people use Google instead of Bing?
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Well, personally, I use Google instead of Bing because I feel that my search results are 10 times better on Google.
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Since Google's algorithms are 10 times better than its competitor, and those algorithms are proprietary, it's nearly impossible to copy them and catch up to them.
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Monopoly method number three, network effects.
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Why do you use Facebook or Instagram over other new and probably better designed social media platforms?
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I'd guess it's because most of your friends are already on Facebook
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or Instagram and are unlikely to switch to a new platform.
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The more people on the Facebook or Instagram network, the harder it is to compete with them.
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Monopoly method number four, economies of scale.
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Why do you think that Amazon can offer free shipping on a hundred pound sofa
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when most furniture retailers charge you $50 to ship that same sofa?
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The answer is economies of scale.
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Because Amazon has such a large infrastructure in place and ships so many products, their fixed operating costs per item are incredibly low,
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which allows them to make more profit on each item and offset the cost of shipping,
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which makes it nearly impossible for smaller retailers to compete with them.
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So in the end, if you want to create a high growth company and build a better future,
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bet on a contrarian truth whose time has come, and then build a big business around that truth by first trying to dominate a small market.
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Once you've proven that you can dominate a small market, expand to adjacent markets,
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and set your sights on becoming a monopoly of a much broader market by either achieving brand association like Apple, using proprietary technology like Google,
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building a superior network like Facebook, or reducing your costs through economies of scale like Amazon.
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That was the core message that I gather from zero to one by Peter Thiel.
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This book is essential reading for any aspiring entrepreneur.
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I highly recommend it.
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If you would like a one -page PDF summary of insights that I gathered from this book, including the seven questions that every entrepreneur must ask,
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just click the link below and I'd be happy to email it to you.
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If you've already subscribed to the free
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Productivity Game email newsletter, this PDF is sitting in your inbox.
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If you like this video, please share it.
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And as always, thanks for watching and have yourself a productive week.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «ZERO TO ONE by Peter Thiel». Чаще всего повторяются слова: truth, monopoly, contrarian, bet, Google. В этом видео 101 предложений и 1364 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 8:04. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 169 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. 82% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| monopoly существительное | /məˈnɑpəli/ | монопо́лия |
| dominate глагол | /ˈdɑ.məˌneɪt/ | госпо́дствовать, преоблада́ть |
| compete глагол | /kəmˈpiːt/ | соревнова́ться, состяза́ться |
| niche существительное | /nɪt͡ʃ/ | ни́ша |
| proprietary прилагательное | /pɹəˈpɹaɪ.ə.tə.ɹi/ | со́бственнический, проприета́рный |
| infrastructure существительное | /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/ | инфраструкту́ра |
| resource существительное | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | ресу́рс, запа́с |
| gather глагол | /ˈɡæðɚ/ | собира́ть, собра́ть |
| generate глагол | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/ | порожда́ть, производи́ть |
| adjacent прилагательное | /əˈd͡ʒeɪ.sənt/ | сосе́дний, прилега́ющий |
| algorithm существительное | /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/ | алгори́тм |
| entrepreneur существительное | /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/ | предпринима́тель, предпринима́тельница |
| renewable прилагательное | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | возобновля́емый |
| mindset существительное | /ˈmaɪn(d)ˌsɛt/ | склад ума́, о́браз мы́слей |
| competitor существительное | /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/ | конкуре́нт, конкуре́нтка |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| eat away глагол | /it‿əˈweɪ/ | изъеда́ть, изъе́сть |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 21 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например didn't, don't, I'd. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, politician /ˌpɑ.ləˈtɪʃ.ən/, caution /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: monopoly /məˈnɑpəli/, proprietary /pɹəˈpɹaɪ.ə.tə.ɹi/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/, competitor /kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: unaware /ˌʌnəˈwɛɚ/, unwilling /ʌnˈwɪlɪŋ/, outwork /ˈaʊtwɜːk/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: hire /ˈhaɪɹ/, humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: odd /ɑd/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/, pound /ˈpaʊ̯nd/, productive /pɹəˈdʌk.tɪv/, keyboard /ˈki.bɔɹd/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как monopoly, dominate, compete.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.