跟讀練習: 9 Study Techniques that got me through Cambridge Medical School science-backed - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Today we're going through some science -based, tried and tested study tips that will help you study smarter, not harder.

My name's Izzy, I'm finally a medical student at Cambridge University, and I just finished all of my Cambridge Medical School exams and managed to pass them all.

So these tips are pretty much how I survived Cambridge Medical School.

There were some ups, there were some downs, but we made it.

These tips and tricks will be applicable whether you are something else like that.

So I study Mandarin in my free time and these tips are very applicable to that as well.

So without further ado, let's get into the video.

So firstly, why am I making this video?

Learning how to learn is actually so important

and it literally supercharges all of the rest of your time that you spend studying.

It essentially acts as a productivity multiplier on all of your life.

And yet we're never really taught how to learn while we're at school, but it's just sort of assumed that we'll kind of figure it out along the way.

spent years focusing on study techniques

that have actually been shown by psychological studies to be relatively inefficient for the ultimate goal of understanding and memorization,

such as taking notes, rereading or highlighting.

Especially rereading and highlighting, I absolutely loved doing those.

So I'll go through the nine study techniques that got me through Cambridge Medical School.

I'll firstly explain them and then I'll go through some practical tips and examples of ways Let's start with Eat the Frog.

This is actually the title of a productivity book by Brian Tracy

and is actually inspired by a quote from Mark Twain which goes like this: "If it's your job to eat a frog, it's best to do it first thing in the morning.

And if it's your job to eat two frogs, it's best to eat the biggest one first." And this is essentially telling us to focus on the difficult things first.

You don't need to waste time repeating the stuff that you already know or that you're already comfortable with.

to do in a day or things that you have to study in a day.

A question that I find really helpful to ask myself

when revising for an exam is

if the exam were tomorrow what topic would I feel the least happy about coming up in the exam?

This often is quite revealing and I'll often try to avoid doing topics

that I don't like or that I find unpleasant

but often those are the topics that I actually really need to do and are actually my weak points.

This also ties in with the Pareto principle

which is also known as the 80 -20 rule which essentially states that 80 % of our results

from approximately 20 % of the topics or the inputs that we actually make.

By focusing on the most important and core topics first

and moving out from there we can help to prioritize what we're actually studying and what we're focusing on.

This applies to both studying medicine and also studying languages.

So for medicine focusing on the core topics and eliminating the ones

that you find the most difficult first and then moving outwards from there.

And then for language learning focusing on the core very commonly used words and focusing on the difficult ones you find there,

and then gradually broadening that circle and including more and more vocabulary, more and more topics.

So this combination of eating the frog and doing the difficult things and also focusing on the important core topics,

really helps us to make good decisions when it comes to prioritizing what we're going to be studying on a given day.

The second study technique that has saved me in medical school is the Pomodoro technique, which you may have heard of before, which involves 25 minutes of work time and intensive study,

followed by five minutes of a break, and this is repeated.

really helpful because as per Parkinson's law where work expands to fill the time allocated to its completion,

studying also does the same and by time boxing our studying to fixed windows of intense studying followed by a break, this means that we can set ourselves like a mini study goal for

that duration of time and work in these short bursts.

An article by MIT recommends working in hour -long blocks as

the most effective with 50 minutes of study time followed by a 10 minutes

I would say that in my personal experience and the experience of many other colleagues at Cambridge,

the optimal intervals will vary a lot between people and also actually between topics as well.

So for me, if it's a topic that I really enjoy or something that I find quite fun, I often can study for a longer duration before needing a break,

so I can set it to maybe the 50 minutes followed by a 10 minute break.

But if it's something that I find really quite unpleasant to study

or I keep avoiding or I find it very mentally taxing, then setting a shorter duration doing a short burst of intense work often works better for me.

Play around with it, try out different time intervals and see if this works for you.

The next tip is to aim for understanding first and then memorization.

So often throughout medical school and even when learning Mandarin, you could either take two routes.

You could either rote memorize everything

and just have all these random facts kind of floating around in your head

or you can try to go down an understanding route where

gaps in that understanding where there's maybe just facts

that you have to know and you can't actually go from a first principles place of understanding.

In a way there are only two real components to good learning or good knowledge which is understanding plus memorization.

The understanding is there to give us a mental model for how things generally work in

that system or in that topic that we're learning about and then the memorization almost adds just the extra bits

just derive things from first principles.

So the next tip links into that quite well

because it helps to promote a clear and concise understanding of any topic that you're trying to learn.

And it's a technique known as the Feynman technique, which is named after Richard Feynman, a physicist who famously used this technique a lot throughout his career and teaching.

It essentially means teaching the topic or concept to somebody in a simple and clear way.

So that someone with very little basis in that subject matter, would be able to understand your explanation to them.

And by being able to teach it to somebody else, that demonstrates that you really need to have a solid understanding of the topic itself.

There are two ways that you can put this into practice.

Firstly, if you're on your own and you don't have anyone else with you, you can just try explaining out loud as if there were another person there.

Or like maybe you could explain to any fluffy toys that you have on your bed or something like that.

Just to actually go through the process of trying to explain it and trying to teach it.

Secondly, if you do have friends who are studying a similar topic to you, or even just family members or other friends who aren't doing the topic,

you could try explaining to them and see how it goes.

The next tip is to focus on practice testing, which is a form of active recall.

It's a common misconception among students

that the best way to learn is by reading through notes or textbooks and essentially trying to put information into our brains.

by Dunlosky et al showed that we actually learn best

when we try to take information out of our brains by actively recalling it.

When we're tested on a fact or a topic, neurochemicals that stimulate memory formation and attention are released in our brain and help us to really solidify those memories.

So whether we get it right or wrong, it doesn't really matter because as long as you check the answer afterwards and find out what the correct answer actually was,

your brain is so much more and file it away as a memory for future use.

It's essentially a way of saying to your brain, "Hey, this information is actually useful.

"Look, we're trying to remember it.

"Why don't you remember it for next time?" And

that helps our brains soak up all of this new content much more quickly.

Try turning your notes or textbooks into flashcards or taking mock tests.

For example, for all of my clinical medical exams, I found

that one of the most effective ways for me to study

was to actually do practice questions on a website called Past Medicine, question bank, which would actively test me on my knowledge and also my understanding.

I would get instant feedback as to whether I was right or wrong, and then also have access to a page with more information

so I could fill in any gaps in my knowledge or understanding afterwards.

This made it almost feel like a game, and I would almost try to reframe it as a game so I could stay engaged with doing it.

This isn't sponsored by the way, that's just how I revise for my medical school exams.

The next tip synergises really well with the last tip about practice testing and active is space repetition, essentially how you can beat the forgetting curve.

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In a number of studies about human memory retention, researchers came up with a graph visualizing how the brain retains memory over time, also known as the forgetting curve,

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which looks a bit like this.

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So essentially after we initially learn something, we will gradually start to forget it over time, unless we revise that piece of knowledge or that fact,

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and then we reset the forgetting curve.

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Then after resetting this

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before we forget it

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and the curve is a little bit less steep as the information starts to enter our long -term memory instead.

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Spaced repetition is essentially how you can beat the forgetting curve

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and to put this into practice my favorite way to do this especially for language learning is to use Anki

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which is a spaced repetition software which combines both active recall and spaced repetition.

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I love this for learning Mandarin vocabulary but it also works for studying anything else that you need to memorize things for.

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Essentially Anki is a an app which does flashcards on either your computer or your phone,

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and the software will automatically calculate when you should space your repetition of it.

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You can also do spaced repetition and active recall with manual flashcards, and I'll link some resources down below explaining how you can do this, but I don't personally do this myself.

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I would really highly recommend Anki as it automates everything for you, and all you need to do is make the cards and then everything just happens, and you do your reviews every day,

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and then you suddenly remember new facts.

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Tip number seven is leveraging some memorization techniques to help remember things that are kind of tricky.

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So my favorite ones for these are mnemonics.

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So this is really helpful for medical school

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because often there's long lists of causes for a certain condition

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or other things like that where we don't want to forget any one item off it.

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So a mnemonic helps to make sure that we can remember that.

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Another tip is doing mind maps.

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So sometimes I would almost use mind maps as try to remember all the things on it,

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and then check with the list of all the points that I actually should have got.

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And by making it in a mind map format, it helps our brains to visually remember where all the bits of the topic are and where all the different facts are.

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Another memorization technique I found super helpful for learning languages, in particular Mandarin, is to create a personal connection to certain words or facts.

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Find another way that you can link it in For example, on some of my Mandarin learning Anki flashcards,

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I'll include a photo or maybe something

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that reminds me of a story that's related to that piece of vocab or that sentence.

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And that will just help to get my brain in gear and paying attention to be like, oh, this is actually important information or, oh, this is actually interesting.

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And again, that stimulates our brain to release those neurochemicals that help to support fact retention.

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Tip number eight is to make a study schedule, including rest, and also to track your progress.

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essentially to zoom out on all of your revision or your studying

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and there's a few layers to this firstly creating a routine

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for your studying helps your brain feel ready to learn at

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your usual allocated time this also helps to make sure

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that we don't end up studying late into the night

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or doing all -nighters as actually there are some studies

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that show that doing an all -nighter can actually really impair your memory retention

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and even your rational thinking for the next few days

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pressure to study and keep on top of things

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which I think is a healthy thing in moderation

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because in my personal experience with no pressure at all I can often feel very relaxed

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and very happy to procrastinate for many weeks so by creating a schedule

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and realizing oh actually there's not that much time I should probably get going

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that just helps to make sure that actually some things are happening and some things are being learned.

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The final layer is that by tracking your progress to master a topic or to understand something,

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and B, also gives you an idea of what you really need to focus on next for your studying.

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So it gives you information essentially about you as a learner and also about what you need to do next.

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I like to create a sort of daily routine

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when I'm studying intensively where I try to wake up

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and go to sleep at a similar time and eat meals around a similar time.

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So I did this especially when I was preparing intensively for lots of the heavy knowledge -based exams at Cambridge.

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calendar so often I would actually make a revision timetable calendar in Google calendar in like a different color

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and pop that into my Google calendar to schedule all my time.

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I can show you in detail how I do this

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if you're interested and I can make a video about my schedule if that's interesting to you guys.

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The final tip, tip number nine, is to keep reassessing how everything's going.

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This means essentially doing an audit on a couple of things.

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So firstly on your academics, how your studying is going, whether you feel like you're actually to learn using the techniques you're applying.

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Secondly, just checking in in terms of your well -being.

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This is so important when studying and scheduling in breaks

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and scheduling in time for self -care

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and looking after yourself is literally the foundation of any studying

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that you want to do because if you're not taking care of your health and your well -being, you're not sleeping right, you're not eating right or exercising,

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then how on earth are you supposed to be effective at anything else that you want to do?

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So ensure that you're taking care of yourself, make sure that all right so if i had checked in with myself

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and thought of how i could help support my mental

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and physical well -being better i may have been able to actually enjoy life a little bit more

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and enjoyed the journey rather than just struggling through

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and just about surviving and managing to do my exams after all i've realized

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that it's more important to enjoy the journey than to focus

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purely on the destination to quote einstein insanity is doing the same things over and over to achieve different results.

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So if you find something's not working either in terms of your actual studying

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or in terms of your well -being then adjust something, keep trying different things and keep reassessing.

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I like to reassess how things are going maybe every week

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or so but obviously this interval can be adjusted depending on how long you're studying for.

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For learning Mandarin for example every single week I'd write a slightly longer journal entry about how my studying was

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things or adjust things because studying and life generally is a dynamic thing

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and we need to respond to the needs of the moment

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and to the new information that we're getting about how things are going.

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So those are my top nine tips for studying smarter not harder.

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I hope this video was entertaining or useful or helpful in some kind of way.

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If you enjoyed this video you might like this one over

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here where I put some of these techniques into practice and show you how I do and find what works for you,

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find what feels good for you.

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Thank you so much for watching, take care of yourself, and I will see you in the next video.

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Bye!

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“9 Study Techniques that got me through Cambridge Medical School *science-backed*”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：studying, topic, tip, study。這段影片共有 188 個句子、2924 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 15:39。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 187 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
repetition 名詞	/ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/	重複 /重複
firstly 副詞	/ˈfɜɹstli/	第一, 首先
curve 名詞	/kɚv/	彎子 /彎子
flashcard 名詞	/ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/	抽認卡 /抽認卡, 閃卡 /閃卡
revise 動詞	/ɹɪˈvaɪz/	修改
interval 名詞	/ˈɪntɚvəl/	間隔 /間隔, 間隙 /間隙
retention 名詞	/ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/	留用
adjust 動詞	/əˈd͡ʒʌst/	調整 /調整
duration 名詞	/dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/	時間 /時間, 長短 /長短
memorize 動詞	/ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/	記住 /記住, 熟記 /熟記
mnemonic 名詞	/nəˈmɑnɪk/	記憶術 /記憶術, 助憶 /助憶
prioritize 動詞	/pɹaɪˈɒɹ.ə.taɪz/	優先考慮 /優先考慮
reread 動詞	/ɹiːˈɹiːd/	重讀 /重讀
stimulate 動詞	/ˈstɪm.jəˌleɪt/	刺激
textbook 名詞	/ˈtɛkst.bʊk/	課本 /課本, 教科書 /教科書

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
go through 動詞		通過 /通過
come up with 動詞		想出, 提出
end up 動詞		到達
find out 動詞		找出, 查明
go down 動詞		下降, 下去
try out 動詞		試用 /試用
wake up 動詞	/ˌweɪk ˈʌp/	醒, 醒來 /醒來

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	been shown · is actually inspired · is also known
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	knowledge which is · technique, which is · friends who are
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	have actually been shown · has saved · i've realized

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 43 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, we're, don't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: memorization /ˈmem(ə)ɹaɪˌzeɪʃn̩/, repetition /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/, flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/, retention /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/, duration /dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: memorization /ˈmem(ə)ɹaɪˌzeɪʃn̩/, repetition /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/, prioritize /pɹaɪˈɒɹ.ə.taɪz/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, applicable /əˈplɪk.ə.bəl/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 repetition, firstly, curve 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: 9 Study Techniques that got me through Cambridge Medical School *science-backed* - 通過影片學習英語口語

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中出現的短語動詞

影片中的語法

需要注意的發音

如何用這段影片練習

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀練習: 9 Study Techniques that got me through Cambridge Medical School science-backed - 通過影片學習英語口語

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