跟讀練習: Body Language Expert Explains How to Show Confidence | WIRED - 通過影片學習英語口語
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180 句
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People that are supremely confident, when they enter the room, they feel comfortable in that room.
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They don't hesitate to look around.
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Their gestures are smooth, but they're very broad.
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And that has to do with confidence.
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And for a lot of people, this is very difficult.
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I remember the great actress, Helen Mirren, saying, one of the most difficult things to learn as an actress is how to walk onto a scene.
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I've thought about that even in my career, how early on the difficulty of mastering that, how do you walk onto a crime scene?
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How do you walk into the public and demonstrate that I am confident and so forth?
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We can all work a little bit on our nonverbal so we come across as more confident.
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When we talk about confidence, it's so many things.
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It has to do with our posture, the way we present, how we look.
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Where's our chin?
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Where are the eyes looking and gazing?
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Our gestures are loose, but they're smoother.
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As we walk about, we walk as though we are on a mission.
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I'm walking out to shake your hand, or I'm walking out to a podium, or I'm walking to where I'm going to sit.
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So the less confident we are, the less eye contact we make.
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The less confident we are, the more reluctant we are to look about.
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You know, when I look at someone I admire, like Colin Powell, when he walks onto a stage,
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Even before he speaks, he has total command of the room, and he does that because he brings two things into this equation.
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One is a tremendous amount of knowledge and experience.
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Plus, he has shaped and defined himself into a statesman.
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We've got to think of America as a family, where every member of the family cares about every other member of the family.
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I think sometimes people mistake machismo or theatrical displays of power as confidence.
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Confidence can be very quiet.
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Jane Goodall hears this ethologist, very meek, very mild, and yet wherever she goes, she commands the room.
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One of the things you notice is they sort of have this command of themselves, and in doing so, that command transmits outward.
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The other thing that confident people realize is the temporal aspect of leadership.
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If you're in charge, you're in charge of time.
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I'm going to take my time to walk out.
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I'm going to take my time to answer your question.
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I will answer it in the pace, manner, and tone that I choose.
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And in doing that, we are demonstrating that we are confident and in control.
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Where do we get that confident voice?
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Where do we get those confident gestures?
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This is what's called socialization.
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We notice the principal who acts this way.
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We like this leader because of this or that trait.
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So I try to model their behaviors and say this is a shortcut.
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And if I have to work on my vocabulary, that's what high status people do.
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If I have to change my gestures, to fit in in this society, and then that's what I'm going to have to do.
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That doesn't mean it changes me completely.
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It just means that this is what is required of me, and this is what I want to achieve at this moment in time.
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I think of Cary Grant.
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Here's an individual born in the UK, grew up very poor, and as he said in his biography, I became Cary Grant.
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I adopted all the behaviors that I saw from high -status individuals.
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Just think about that, but make up your mind.
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And it is difficult to prescribe this, but one of the easiest things that we can do, you know, if you're a woman,
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maybe you want to model yourself on the actress Cate Blanchett or some other actor and say,
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you know, when they're being interviewed, how do they look?
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They look so confident.
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They look interesting.
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They have such a command presence.
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You know, we're not born this way.
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These are things that we have to develop and say, how do I want to be perceived and what can I do to achieve that?
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Are there better behaviors that you can do?
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Here's a simple one.
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How many of you, somebody says, where'd they go?
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And you go like this.
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And as it turns out, this is one of the most hated signs around the world.
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And yet if we just go like this, he went that way.
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were already perceived differently.
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Little things.
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I tell the story often of when I first came into law enforcement, they said, well, you know,
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you've got to get out there and make some arrests.
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And the first time I went out there and my voice just went really high, stop, you're under arrest.
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That sounds horrible.
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And you have to work at having that command presence where you say, stop right there, don't move.
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That's almost theatrical.
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Yeah, but it's what is needed.
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So let's do this exercise.
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I want you to say no. Just go ahead.
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Say it out loud.
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All right, now let's do it right.
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Say it as I say it.
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No. No. No. Do you see the difference between the way you said it and this way?
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Did you notice that your voice kept getting deeper?
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But did you also notice that the fingers became wider and wider?
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The more confident you became, the wider your fingers were spreading.
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There's a big difference between saying no, stop, and going no, stop.
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This potentiates the message.
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But to get to this, we actually have to practice it.
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So let's do it again.
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No. Now go out there and teach your children how to do that.
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I love sometimes selfies in the mirror.
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One of my pet peeves is what we hear every day with what's called up talk.
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Up talk is where someone says something and then they end making it sound like a question mark.
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So it sounds like this.
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Four score and seven years ago.
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Four score and seven years ago.
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Our fathers brought forth on this continent, our fathers brought forth upon this continent, a new nation.
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My company has done research on this and we've asked CEOs and we've asked executives and some will say,
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well, you know, I've gotten used to it and so forth.
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But when we ask them, does it really matter?
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They also, yeah, we'd rather not see it.
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I get pushback from people that say, well, you know, this is just the way that I speak.
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and no doubt, but don't expect the same results.
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We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.
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Because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills.
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The cadence in our speech is extremely powerful for a couple of reasons.
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One, we know that when people machine gun a statement, when they talk very fast,
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we are less likely to listen to them over a long period of time.
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But when we talk in cadence, we are sort of held still listening to what will come next.
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And I'll give you an example from that great speech
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Martin Luther King gave, as you notice with a cadence, I have a dream.
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And then he pauses, that one day, and then he goes on.
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And Churchill used the same thing.
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Churchill's notes literally would create spaces for how long he would pause.
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From Stettine in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.
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These pauses make people listen.
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And one of the things that we teach is if you want people to listen to you, use cadence to get their attention,
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hold their attention, but then look forward to what that next set of words will be.
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It lets them know at a subconscious level, this is the person in charge.
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And we know that they're in charge because they have temporal control over this.
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They're not in a hurry.
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So, you know, a lot of times people say to me, well, does confidence look like, you know, chest out, shoulders back, chin up?
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Yeah, that looks pretty good.
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But, you know, a lot of times confidence is just sitting comfortably in a chair.
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And that may have more to do with how much space you control.
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It may have to do with the gestures that you use.
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You probably notice that I use a lot of steepling.
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I tend to interlace my fingers and so forth.
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Thank you.
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These are gestures that contribute to that communication that I'm trying to get across, that I am confident about what I'm talking about.
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So it's not just about puffing your chest out, or certainly not about talking louder or anything.
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It's about controlling my environment, but making sure that what I'm transmitting at all times is confidence.
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And that means I'm prepared.
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I'm ready to answer.
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I'm going to answer you now.
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I'm going to answer you effectively and I'm going to make sure that you understand what I said.
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I'm here to convey.
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I'm not here to convince.
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A lot of times people who are lacking confidence are trying to convince you of something.
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Hey, if I'm confident, I just say it once.
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It's this way and that's it.
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I convey the information rather than sit there and try to beat it into you by repeating it 10 different ways.
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Compare the gestures I'm about to do.
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It's about temporal movement, controlling time, so the person in charge has the time to look up at their own pace.
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The gestures are smooth.
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There's no hesitation.
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There's no quick movements.
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There's no jitteriness.
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There doesn't have to be.
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I'm in charge.
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When I feel this confident, I feel like I have to be in a hurry,
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that I've got to look up and I've got to answer right away
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and there's a lot of preening behaviors and these are detracting from me.
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I was really shy a few years ago.
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Probably this is changing a little bit.
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People are horrified to speak in public.
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I used to be horrified to speak in public.
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I still get nervous to speak in public.
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But here's some tricks I found that you might find useful.
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The first one is don't hesitate ever to say, you know what, this is scary.
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Be honest with yourself.
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This is unnatural.
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Number two, take refuge in knowing that if I sit down and study this material, I will know it better than my audience.
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The third thing I always do is I rehearse.
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It really helps so that the first time you hear it in a forum, it doesn't scare you.
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When it's time to do the presentation, one of the things I like to do is to warm up.
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I find a good solid wall and I will just lean into it like I'm holding this wall up,
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pressing against it just as if I were doing a push -up.
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And one of the things that that does is it releases a lot of muscular tension.
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And because I'm doing it very wide, it makes me feel more powerful and I need to walk on that stage as though it's mine.
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With full confidence, it is only then that I look at my audience.
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And then I just take a second to get myself together and to begin.
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With practice, obviously you're going to get better and better and better.
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Let's face it, people are not born confident.
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They're just not.
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We can become confident with the assistance of our parents who encourage us.
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We can become confident through our own achievements.
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We can become confident by going beyond our boundaries.
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But confidence is something that we can grow, we can nurture.
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I mean, I have seen people in wheelchairs that are supremely confident.
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I have seen elderly people in their 90s who are very confident.
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I've seen children who are holding a violin with such confidence.
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If you want to be confident, know your material, know the information, hone that skill, work at it,
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have that mastery of things and of self, and that's how you will come across as confident,
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no matter what your station in life is.
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Thank you.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Body Language Expert Explains How to Show Confidence”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：confident, confidence, gestures, walk。 這段影片共有 180 個句子、2078 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 14:13。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 146 個詞，很適合跟讀。 84% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| gesture 名詞 | /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/ | 手勢 /手勢, 姿勢 /姿勢 |
| finger 名詞 | /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ | 手指, 指頭 /指頭 |
| actress 名詞 | /ˈæk.tɹɪs/ | 女演員 /女演員, 女優 /女優 |
| smooth 形容詞 | /smuːð/ | 平穩 /平穩, 順利 /順利 |
| continent 名詞 | /ˈkɑntɪnənt/ | 大陸 /大陸 |
| pause 名詞 | /pɔːz/ | 停頓 /停頓, 暫停 /暫停 |
| temporal 形容詞 | /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹəl/ | 世俗的 |
| pace 名詞 | /peɪs/ | 步伐, 步幅 |
| convince 動詞 | /kənˈvɪns/ | 說服 /說服 |
| demonstrate 動詞 | /ˈdɛm.ənˌstɹeɪt/ | 論證 |
| hurry 動詞 | /ˈhʌ.ɹi/ | 趕工 /趕工, 忙 |
| chin 名詞 | /ˈt͡ʃɪn/ | 下巴, 頷 /頷 |
| convey 動詞 | /kənˈveɪ/ | 傳遞 /傳遞, 輸送 /輸送 |
| hesitate 動詞 | /ˈhɛz.ə.teɪt/ | 猶豫 /猶豫, 躊躇 /躊躇 |
| perceive 動詞 | /pɚˈsiv/ | 察覺 /察覺, 感知 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| go out 動詞 | 出, 出口 | |
| go ahead 動詞 | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | 請便 /請便 |
| grow up 動詞 | 長大 /長大 | |
| look around 動詞 | 環顧 /環顧 | |
| look forward to 動詞 | 期待, 嚮往 | |
| look up 動詞 | /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ | 仰, 上看 |
| make up 動詞 | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | 組成 /組成 |
| sit down 動詞 | 坐下, 坐 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- Where do we get that confident voice?
- Where do we get those confident gestures?
- Are there better behaviors that you can do?
- How many of you, somebody says, where'd they go?
- Did you notice that your voice kept getting deeper?
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | I've thought · has shaped · has done |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | is required · being interviewed · be perceived |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | people who are · children who are |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 53 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, they're, I've。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: smooth /smuːð/, theatrical /θiˈætɹɪkəl/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shake /ˈʃeɪk/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/, equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, hesitation /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: theatrical /θiˈætɹɪkəl/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, biography /baɪˈɑɡɹəfi/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: convince /kənˈvɪns/, convey /kənˈveɪ/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, achievement /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/, wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: actress /ˈæk.tɹɪs/, continent /ˈkɑntɪnənt/, pause /pɔːz/, pace /peɪs/, convince /kənˈvɪns/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: temporal /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹəl/, theatrical /θiˈætɹɪkəl/, horrible /ˈhɔɹ.ɪ.bəl/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, wheelchair /ˈ(h)wilt͡ʃɛɹ/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 gesture, finger, actress 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。