ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Body Language Expert Explains How to Show Confidence | WIRED
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180 ประโยค
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People that are supremely confident, when they enter the room, they feel comfortable in that room.
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They don't hesitate to look around.
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Their gestures are smooth, but they're very broad.
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And that has to do with confidence.
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And for a lot of people, this is very difficult.
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I remember the great actress, Helen Mirren, saying, one of the most difficult things to learn as an actress is how to walk onto a scene.
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I've thought about that even in my career, how early on the difficulty of mastering that, how do you walk onto a crime scene?
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How do you walk into the public and demonstrate that I am confident and so forth?
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We can all work a little bit on our nonverbal so we come across as more confident.
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When we talk about confidence, it's so many things.
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It has to do with our posture, the way we present, how we look.
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Where's our chin?
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Where are the eyes looking and gazing?
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Our gestures are loose, but they're smoother.
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As we walk about, we walk as though we are on a mission.
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I'm walking out to shake your hand, or I'm walking out to a podium, or I'm walking to where I'm going to sit.
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So the less confident we are, the less eye contact we make.
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The less confident we are, the more reluctant we are to look about.
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You know, when I look at someone I admire, like Colin Powell, when he walks onto a stage,
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Even before he speaks, he has total command of the room, and he does that because he brings two things into this equation.
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One is a tremendous amount of knowledge and experience.
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Plus, he has shaped and defined himself into a statesman.
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We've got to think of America as a family, where every member of the family cares about every other member of the family.
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I think sometimes people mistake machismo or theatrical displays of power as confidence.
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Confidence can be very quiet.
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Jane Goodall hears this ethologist, very meek, very mild, and yet wherever she goes, she commands the room.
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One of the things you notice is they sort of have this command of themselves, and in doing so, that command transmits outward.
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The other thing that confident people realize is the temporal aspect of leadership.
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If you're in charge, you're in charge of time.
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I'm going to take my time to walk out.
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I'm going to take my time to answer your question.
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I will answer it in the pace, manner, and tone that I choose.
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And in doing that, we are demonstrating that we are confident and in control.
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Where do we get that confident voice?
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Where do we get those confident gestures?
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This is what's called socialization.
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We notice the principal who acts this way.
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We like this leader because of this or that trait.
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So I try to model their behaviors and say this is a shortcut.
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And if I have to work on my vocabulary, that's what high status people do.
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If I have to change my gestures, to fit in in this society, and then that's what I'm going to have to do.
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That doesn't mean it changes me completely.
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It just means that this is what is required of me, and this is what I want to achieve at this moment in time.
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I think of Cary Grant.
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Here's an individual born in the UK, grew up very poor, and as he said in his biography, I became Cary Grant.
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I adopted all the behaviors that I saw from high -status individuals.
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Just think about that, but make up your mind.
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And it is difficult to prescribe this, but one of the easiest things that we can do, you know, if you're a woman,
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maybe you want to model yourself on the actress Cate Blanchett or some other actor and say,
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you know, when they're being interviewed, how do they look?
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They look so confident.
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They look interesting.
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They have such a command presence.
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You know, we're not born this way.
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These are things that we have to develop and say, how do I want to be perceived and what can I do to achieve that?
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Are there better behaviors that you can do?
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Here's a simple one.
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How many of you, somebody says, where'd they go?
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And you go like this.
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And as it turns out, this is one of the most hated signs around the world.
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And yet if we just go like this, he went that way.
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were already perceived differently.
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Little things.
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I tell the story often of when I first came into law enforcement, they said, well, you know,
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you've got to get out there and make some arrests.
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And the first time I went out there and my voice just went really high, stop, you're under arrest.
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That sounds horrible.
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And you have to work at having that command presence where you say, stop right there, don't move.
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That's almost theatrical.
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Yeah, but it's what is needed.
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So let's do this exercise.
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I want you to say no. Just go ahead.
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Say it out loud.
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All right, now let's do it right.
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Say it as I say it.
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No. No. No. Do you see the difference between the way you said it and this way?
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Did you notice that your voice kept getting deeper?
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But did you also notice that the fingers became wider and wider?
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The more confident you became, the wider your fingers were spreading.
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There's a big difference between saying no, stop, and going no, stop.
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This potentiates the message.
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But to get to this, we actually have to practice it.
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So let's do it again.
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No. Now go out there and teach your children how to do that.
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I love sometimes selfies in the mirror.
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One of my pet peeves is what we hear every day with what's called up talk.
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Up talk is where someone says something and then they end making it sound like a question mark.
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So it sounds like this.
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Four score and seven years ago.
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Four score and seven years ago.
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Our fathers brought forth on this continent, our fathers brought forth upon this continent, a new nation.
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My company has done research on this and we've asked CEOs and we've asked executives and some will say,
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well, you know, I've gotten used to it and so forth.
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But when we ask them, does it really matter?
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They also, yeah, we'd rather not see it.
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I get pushback from people that say, well, you know, this is just the way that I speak.
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and no doubt, but don't expect the same results.
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We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.
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Because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills.
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The cadence in our speech is extremely powerful for a couple of reasons.
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One, we know that when people machine gun a statement, when they talk very fast,
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we are less likely to listen to them over a long period of time.
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But when we talk in cadence, we are sort of held still listening to what will come next.
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And I'll give you an example from that great speech
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Martin Luther King gave, as you notice with a cadence, I have a dream.
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And then he pauses, that one day, and then he goes on.
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And Churchill used the same thing.
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Churchill's notes literally would create spaces for how long he would pause.
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From Stettine in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.
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These pauses make people listen.
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And one of the things that we teach is if you want people to listen to you, use cadence to get their attention,
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hold their attention, but then look forward to what that next set of words will be.
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It lets them know at a subconscious level, this is the person in charge.
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And we know that they're in charge because they have temporal control over this.
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They're not in a hurry.
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So, you know, a lot of times people say to me, well, does confidence look like, you know, chest out, shoulders back, chin up?
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Yeah, that looks pretty good.
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But, you know, a lot of times confidence is just sitting comfortably in a chair.
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And that may have more to do with how much space you control.
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It may have to do with the gestures that you use.
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You probably notice that I use a lot of steepling.
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I tend to interlace my fingers and so forth.
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Thank you.
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These are gestures that contribute to that communication that I'm trying to get across, that I am confident about what I'm talking about.
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So it's not just about puffing your chest out, or certainly not about talking louder or anything.
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It's about controlling my environment, but making sure that what I'm transmitting at all times is confidence.
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And that means I'm prepared.
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I'm ready to answer.
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I'm going to answer you now.
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I'm going to answer you effectively and I'm going to make sure that you understand what I said.
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I'm here to convey.
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I'm not here to convince.
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A lot of times people who are lacking confidence are trying to convince you of something.
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Hey, if I'm confident, I just say it once.
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It's this way and that's it.
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I convey the information rather than sit there and try to beat it into you by repeating it 10 different ways.
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Compare the gestures I'm about to do.
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It's about temporal movement, controlling time, so the person in charge has the time to look up at their own pace.
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The gestures are smooth.
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There's no hesitation.
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There's no quick movements.
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There's no jitteriness.
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There doesn't have to be.
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I'm in charge.
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When I feel this confident, I feel like I have to be in a hurry,
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that I've got to look up and I've got to answer right away
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and there's a lot of preening behaviors and these are detracting from me.
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I was really shy a few years ago.
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Probably this is changing a little bit.
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People are horrified to speak in public.
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I used to be horrified to speak in public.
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I still get nervous to speak in public.
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But here's some tricks I found that you might find useful.
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The first one is don't hesitate ever to say, you know what, this is scary.
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Be honest with yourself.
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This is unnatural.
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Number two, take refuge in knowing that if I sit down and study this material, I will know it better than my audience.
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The third thing I always do is I rehearse.
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It really helps so that the first time you hear it in a forum, it doesn't scare you.
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When it's time to do the presentation, one of the things I like to do is to warm up.
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I find a good solid wall and I will just lean into it like I'm holding this wall up,
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pressing against it just as if I were doing a push -up.
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And one of the things that that does is it releases a lot of muscular tension.
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And because I'm doing it very wide, it makes me feel more powerful and I need to walk on that stage as though it's mine.
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With full confidence, it is only then that I look at my audience.
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And then I just take a second to get myself together and to begin.
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With practice, obviously you're going to get better and better and better.
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Let's face it, people are not born confident.
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They're just not.
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We can become confident with the assistance of our parents who encourage us.
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We can become confident through our own achievements.
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We can become confident by going beyond our boundaries.
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But confidence is something that we can grow, we can nurture.
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I mean, I have seen people in wheelchairs that are supremely confident.
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I have seen elderly people in their 90s who are very confident.
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I've seen children who are holding a violin with such confidence.
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If you want to be confident, know your material, know the information, hone that skill, work at it,
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have that mastery of things and of self, and that's how you will come across as confident,
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no matter what your station in life is.
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Thank you.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Body Language Expert Explains How to Show Confidence” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: confident, confidence, gestures, walk วิดีโอนี้มี 180 ประโยค และ 2078 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 14:13 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 146 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม 84% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| gesture คำนาม | /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/ | ท่าทาง |
| finger คำนาม | /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ | นิ้ว |
| actress คำนาม | /ˈæk.tɹɪs/ | นักแสดงหญิง |
| continent คำนาม | /ˈkɑntɪnənt/ | ทวีป |
| demonstrate คำกริยา | /ˈdɛm.ənˌstɹeɪt/ | สาธิต |
| hurry คำกริยา | /ˈhʌ.ɹi/ | รีบ |
| chin คำนาม | /ˈt͡ʃɪn/ | คาง |
| convey คำกริยา | /kənˈveɪ/ | ถ่ายทอด, ลำเลียง |
| hesitate คำกริยา | /ˈhɛz.ə.teɪt/ | ลังเล |
| perceive คำกริยา | /pɚˈsiv/ | รับรู้, เข้าใจ |
| mirror คำนาม | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | กระจก, กระจกเงา |
| compare คำกริยา | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | เปรียบเทียบ |
| encourage คำกริยา | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | ให้กำลังใจ, ส่งเสริม |
| scary คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈskɛə.ɹi/ | น่ากลัว |
| achievement คำนาม | /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/ | ความสำเร็จ, สัมฤทธิ์ผล |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| go out คำกริยา | ออก, ออกไป |
| sit down คำกริยา | นั่ง |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- Where do we get that confident voice?
- Where do we get those confident gestures?
- Are there better behaviors that you can do?
- How many of you, somebody says, where'd they go?
- Did you notice that your voice kept getting deeper?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | I've thought · has shaped · has done |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is required · being interviewed · be perceived |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | people who are · children who are |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 53 ครั้ง เช่น I'm, they're, I've ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: smooth /smuːð/, theatrical /θiˈætɹɪkəl/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: shake /ˈʃeɪk/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, tension /ˈtɛnʃən/, equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, hesitation /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: theatrical /θiˈætɹɪkəl/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, biography /baɪˈɑɡɹəfi/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: actress /ˈæk.tɹɪs/, pause /pɔːz/, temporal /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹəl/, pace /peɪs/, convince /kənˈvɪns/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: convince /kənˈvɪns/, convey /kənˈveɪ/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, achievement /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/, wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: pause /pɔːz/, hesitate /ˈhɛz.ə.teɪt/, presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/, gaze /ɡeɪz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง gesture, finger, actress เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ