跟讀練習: IELTS listening actual test Part 3: Maori carving (answer+ transcript) - 通過影片學習英語口語
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1
Part 3.
2
You will hear two students named Amy and Mike discussing Maori carvings.
3
First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 25.
4
Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 25.
5
Hi Mike.
6
Aren't these New Zealand carvings we've been studying in class fascinating?
7
Oh, hi Amy.
8
Oh, the Maori greenstone tikis.
9
They're all a bit organic for my taste.
10
You know, all curves and twisting shapes.
11
I like modern stuff, geometric shapes,
12
but I can see the skill involved in making them.
13
But the stories behind the tikis are what make them interesting.
14
Besides, I imagine it would be difficult to create geometric patterns.
15
The shape of each tiki seems to follow the natural contours of the stone.
16
It's extremely hard, and it requires expertise and time to shape.
17
That's true.
18
I suppose that's why modern greenstone carvings are so expensive,
19
but there aren't that many genuine old ones around.
20
Archaeologists rarely discover such treasures,
21
which is odd given they are such a huge part of Maori culture.
22
I wonder if archaeological dig sites were raided and the tikis were taken to sell.
23
I believe it's because the owners valued them and so preserved them.
24
Many of them would have been passed down through the generations and remain in the possession of the families today, like heirlooms.
25
Do you know what they were used for?
26
I thought they were just an art form or a means of decoration,
27
but Professor Matiu says that the Maori believed tikis were sacred and could be used as a pathway to their ancestors.
28
They believed the dead could speak to them through these talismans.
29
So they don't represent tribes or anything?
30
Interesting.
31
How many different kinds are there?
32
There must be hundreds of variations.
33
There are other greenstone carvings beside tikis,
34
although I can't remember all their names.
35
Traditional tikis themselves can be divided into two distinct groups though. Can they?
36
By the materials?
37
I've seen some with metal features.
38
Or is it to do with size or where they were made?
39
Actually, it is the ways that their feet,
40
heads and hands are placed that make the major difference.
41
Is it easy to discern the difference between the ancient stones and more modern reproductions?
42
Are the styles very different?
43
Modern reproductions usually use a different type of stone,
44
although they may be of the same design.
45
They may also be of a smaller size.
46
But it's actually quite easy to tell if you are buying a genuine carving or a mass-produced souvenir.
47
How?
48
Nowadays, they are produced by machine,
49
using lasers even, so they have no blemishes.
50
In genuine carvings, they aren't always perfect because the Maori used simple hand tools.
51
For example, the hole that the cord is fed through isn't perfectly round.
52
That makes sense.
53
Before you hear the rest of the discussion,
54
you have some time to look at questions 26 to 30.
55
Now listen carefully and answer questions 26 to 30.
56
Actually, it's amazing that they produce such detailed tikis with such simple tools and materials.
57
Talk me through the process.
58
I know the basic shape is carved from New Zealand greenstone.
59
Yes, but first they had to get a blank of the right size.
60
You mean a piece of stone of the right size and basic shape?
61
That's right.
62
They used a hard stone tool,
63
something rough, to wear a groove into a piece of greenstone.
64
After they'd scored it with that,
65
they could just snap it in two.
66
I guess they could have used some kind of hammer, though.
67
They repeated the process until they had a piece of stone suitable for what they wanted to carve,
68
usually flat pieces for tikis.
69
Right, because they're fairly small and quite thin.
70
Then they started carving?
71
Not right away.
72
Before they could start carving,
73
they needed an absolutely smooth, flat surface.
74
Nowadays, when we want to do something like that,
75
we'd clamp the stone in a and use a sander,
76
but they used a heavy block of sandstone
77
and rubbed the piece of greenstone on it over and over to prepare it for carving.
78
It must have been very time-consuming.
79
So how did they cut out the little details, like hands and feet?
80
They had carving tools.
81
They used small chips of stone glued and tied onto a wooden handle.
82
Then they also used a piece of sharpened bone made into a point.
83
Is that what they used to make the holes?
84
Actually, they had a special tool to make holes.
85
It was a stick tied between two heavy pebbles with a point at the end.
86
They would wrap string around it,
87
pull it back and forth to wear a hole into the tiki.
88
They used the same technique to make round shapes too,
89
but didn't make the hole go all the way through.
90
And I've seen some tikis with coloured eyes or decorations.
91
Are they painted?
92
Mostly they are inlaid with different coloured stone or mother of pearl from shells,
93
or sometimes dyed pieces of bone.
94
They were fixed in place using teratagum, a sticky plant resin.
95
They used plants to make the natural strings too.
96
That's right.
97
The Maori were very resourceful, weren't they?
98
They certainly were.
99
Thank you.
100
Hi Mike.
101
Aren't these New Zealand carvings we've been studying in class fascinating?
102
Oh hi Amy.
103
Oh the Maori greenstone tikis.
104
They're all a bit organic for my taste.
105
You know, all curves and twisting shapes.
106
I like modern stuff, geometric shapes,
107
but I can see the skill involved in making them.
108
But the stories behind the tikis are what make them interesting.
109
Besides, I imagine it would be difficult to create geometrions.
110
The shape of each tiki seems to follow the natural contours of the stone.
111
It's extremely hard and it requires expertise and time to shape.
112
That's true.
113
I suppose that's why modern greenstone carvings are so expensive,
114
but there aren't that many genuine old ones around.
115
Archaeologists rarely discover such treasures,
116
which is odd given they are such a huge part of Maori culture.
117
I wonder if archaeological dig sites were raided and the tikis were taken to sell.
118
I believe it's because the owners valued them, and so preserved them.
119
Many of them would have been passed down through the generations and remain in the possession of the families today, like heirlooms.
120
Do you know what they were used for?
121
I thought they were just an art form or a means of decoration.
122
But Professor Matiu says that the Maori believed tikis were sacred and could be used as a pathway to their ancestors.
123
They believed the dead could speak to them through these talismans.
124
So they don't represent tribes or anything?
125
Interesting.
126
How many different kinds are there?
127
There must be hundreds of variations.
128
There are other greenstone carvings beside tikis,
129
although I can't remember all their names.
130
Traditional tikis themselves can be divided into two distinct groups though. Can they?
131
Buy the materials?
132
I've seen some with metal features.
133
Or is it to do with size or where they were made?
134
Actually, it is the ways that their feet,
135
heads and hands are placed that make the major difference.
136
Is it easy to discern the difference between the ancient stones and more modern reproductions?
137
Are the styles very different?
138
Modern reproductions usually use a different type of stone,
139
although they may be of the same design.
140
They may also be of a smaller size.
141
But it's actually quite easy to tell if you are buying a genuine carving or a mass-produced souvenir.
142
How?
143
Nowadays, they are produced by machine,
144
using lasers even, so they have no blemishes.
145
In genuine carvings, they aren't always perfect because the Maori used simple hand tools.
146
For example, the hole that the cord is fed through isn't perfectly round.
147
That makes sense.
148
Actually, it's amazing that they produce such detailed tikis with such simple tools and materials.
149
Talk me through the process.
150
I know the basic shape is carved from New Zealand greenstone.
151
Yes, but first they had to get a blank of the right size.
152
You mean a piece of stone of the right size and basic shape?
153
That's right.
154
They used a hard stone tool,
155
something rough, to wear a groove into a piece of greenstone.
156
After they'd scored it with that,
157
they could just snap it in two.
158
I guess they could have used some kind of hammer though.
159
They repeated the process until they had a piece of stone
160
suitable for what they wanted to carve – usually flat pieces for tikis.
161
Right, because they're fairly small and quite thin.
162
Then they started carving?
163
But right away, before they could start carving,
164
they needed an absolutely smooth, flat surface.
165
Nowadays, when we want to do something like that,
166
we'd clamp the stone in a vice and use a sander.
167
But they used a heavy block of sandstone
168
and rubbed the piece of greenstone on it over and over to prepare it for carving.
169
It must have been very time-consuming.
170
So how did they cut out the little details, like hands and feet?
171
They had carving tools.
172
They used small chips of stone glued and tied onto a wooden handle.
173
Then they also used a piece of sharpened bone made into a point.
174
Is that what they used to make the holes?
175
Actually, they had a special tool to make holes.
176
It was a stick tied between two heavy pebbles with a point at the end.
177
They would wrap string around it,
178
pull it back and forth to wear a hole into the tiki.
179
They used the same technique to make round shapes too,
180
but didn't make the hole go all the way through.
181
And I've seen some tikis with coloured eyes or decorations.
182
Are they painted?
183
Mostly they are inlaid with different coloured stone or mother of pearl from shells,
184
or sometimes dyed pieces of bone.
185
They were fixed in place using teratagum, a sticky plant resin.
186
They used plants to make the natural strings too.
187
That's right.
188
The Maori were very resourceful, weren't they?
189
They certainly were.
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關於本課
在本課中，學習者將通過聆聽關於毛利雕刻的兩名學生討論，加深對毛利文化的理解。這段對話不僅展示了毛利雕刻的藝術價值，也探討了它們在毛利人生活中的重要性。通過這次練習，您將能夠提升聽力技能，並增加有效的英語口語表達能力，尤其是在描述藝術和文化方面。無論您是準備雅思口語練習，還是希望提高日常對話能力，這節課都將對您大有裨益。
重點詞彙和短語
- 毛利雕刻 (Maori carvings) - 紐西蘭毛利文化的傳統藝術形式。
- 綠石 (Greenstone) - 在毛利文化中常用的雕刻材料。
- 遺物 (Artifacts) - 代表歷史和文化的物品，通常在考古中發現。
- 世代傳承 (Passed down through generations) - 指一種文化或物品在家族之間的傳承。
- 符咒 (Talismans) - 被認為具有神秘力量的物品，毛利人認為可以與祖先溝通。
- 手工工具 (Hand tools) - 傳統雕刻中使用的簡單工具，與現代機器製造對比。
- 現代複製品 (Modern reproductions) - 現代製作的與傳統雕刻相似的物品，通常由機器製作。
練習建議
在本次聽力練習中，針對語速和語調的影像較為重要。可以採取shadowing技巧，即在聽的同時模仿發音和語調。建議您先聽一小段對話，然後暫停，嘗試重複說出學到的句子。這種方法有助於提高您的shadow speech技能，尤其是在學習語調的變化時。同時，注意語句中的重音和節奏，這將有助於您在雅思口語練習中更自然地表達自己。
為了更好地運用這些技巧，您可以定期訪問shadowing site，以找到適合的材料並與不同的對話和情境進行練習。通過實際演練，您將能更自信地使用英語，特別是在涉及文化和藝術討論時。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成進行時 have/has been + -ing — 以前開始、現在仍在繼續的動作 | we've been studying |
| “used to” used to + 動詞 — 過去的習慣或狀態，現在已不再如此 | used to make |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | were raided · have been passed · can be divided |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | I've seen |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。