跟读练习: Aviation English Photo Description: Runway Excursion - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Welcome back to another photo description video.
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The subject for today is going to be runway excursions.
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I'm going to first start out by pointing out details of this photo and then give my own photo description.
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I'll also include some relevant topics for discussion.
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So, here we go.
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So the aircraft is sitting partially submerged in the water.
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Behind the aircraft we can see the end of the runway and tire tracks leading to the water's edge.
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The aircraft itself seems to be a narrow body type, most likely a Boeing 737.
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And that's just because of the shape of the fuselage and winglets, and the design of the windscreen.
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Now let's start from the tip of the aircraft.
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The front part of the nose is missing.
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This part is referred to as either the nose cone or radome, since it houses the aircraft's weather radar.
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Obviously it's not normal to fly without a nose cone, so it may have sheared off during the accident the accident, but since there are no cracks or dents,
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it was most likely removed or disassembled after the event occurred.
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Just behind the flight deck, we can see both forward emergency exit doors are open and the emergency slides have been deployed.
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While the slide on the aircraft's left side is inflated, the slide on the opposite side is deflated.
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The emergency slide could have been punctured by a sharp object or maybe it just didn't inflate properly to begin with.
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Moving further back, we can see three people standing over the right wing
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while another person is stepping out from the overwing exit door.
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Since the four people don't appear to be dressed as crew members, I would say that they're most likely either accident investigators or government officials.
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It also looks like these individuals made it from the shoreline to the aircraft via
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that yellow raft floating just below the right wing.
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Now let's zoom out and look at the fuselage.
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From this point of view, it appears to be intact as there are no signs of dents, cracks, or major separation, especially
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if we compare it to other photos such as this Caribbean Airlines 737 or this Kalita Air 747.
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So the lack of any major structural damage leads me to believe
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that the aircraft impacted the water at a fairly low speed
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and hopefully there were no major injuries to the passengers or crew of this flight.
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Surrounding the aircraft I see this long orange floating rope.
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I don't know with certainty what it's used for but
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if I had to guess I would say
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that maybe there's a net underneath
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and this net could be used to contain debris from the aircraft such as pieces of the wing
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or landing gear it could also be used to contain toxic chemicals such as fuel oil
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or hydraulic fluid and prevent them from spreading
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and causing environmental damage now let's turn our focus to the
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background of this scene here we see multiple vehicles parked on
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the runway in grass including two fire rescue vehicles on the
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left side of the photo there are also multiple people standing
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on the shoreline looking towards the aircraft some of them are
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wearing reflective clothing in order to be more visible some of
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these individuals are also wearing a helmet known as a hard
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hat to protect their heads these individuals may be news reporters safety inspectors
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or members of the airport fire rescue team another part that's worth mentioning is
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that light in the upper right side of this photo this
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type of bright light known as a flood light is used to illuminate large areas at night
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so this event probably occurred at night
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and the floodlight was used to illuminate the scene
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and help the airport fire rescue team to safely approach the aircraft there are some other clues
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that make me believe this event occurred quite some time after this photo was taken. For example,
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there are no lights from the fire rescue vehicles nor does anyone really seem to be in a sense of panic.
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Alright, so now that we've gone over this photo, I'm going to provide my own photo description as well as talk about any topics
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that may be discussed in the ICAO English test.
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Alright, here we go.
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Alright, so in this photo I see a narrow body aircraft, possibly a Boeing 737 that is partially submerged in the water.
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This is clearly the result of a runway excursion since I can see part of the runway in the background
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and the tire tracks leading to the water.
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It looks like the airplane was safely evacuated because I can see at least two emergency evacuation slides that were deployed.
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There's an orange line surrounding this airplane which is most likely there to prevent environmental damage by containing any debris
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or hazardous fluids from the aircraft.
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I see three or four people, possibly accident investigators, standing on the right wing of the aircraft
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and it looks like one of them is stepping out of the emergency exit door.
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They probably traveled from the shoreline to the aircraft using
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that yellow raft that's sitting just below the leading edge of the wing.
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Standing on the shoreline behind the aircraft are few more people.
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Some of them are wearing hard hats and reflective clothing, so they may be accident investigators or news reporters.
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There are also a few trucks and vehicles parked in the grass and on the runway, including two fire rescue vehicles on the upper left side of the photo.
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I don't really see a sense of urgency among the individuals near and around the airplane, so I think this runway excursion happened well before this photo
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was taken it also probably took a decent amount of time
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to set up those orange cones around the runway edge
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and to remove
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that radome from the fuselage the floodlight at the upper right hand corner of this photo makes me believe
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that this event occurred at night
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so what could have caused this accident well like many accidents there's usually no single cause
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but rather a number of contributing factors I can't tell if this occurred during takeoff or landing,
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but the aircraft may have encountered some type of wind shear or convective activity.
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If so, the pilots may have encountered stiff crosswinds or a tailwind
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which would have greatly increased the stopping distance on the runway.
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If storms were over the airfield, then the water on the runway from the rain would have certainly decreased the braking performance of the aircraft.
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And speaking of braking performance, it's also possible that one of the braking mechanisms malfunctioned, such as the wheel brakes,
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speed brakes, or thrust reversers.
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We can't see if the thrust reversers were deployed in this photo since the engines are submerged, but it's clear that the speed brakes are not deployed.
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But they may have been retracted before the aircraft was evacuated.
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It's also worth noting the numerous professions involved in this event, such as the pilots, flight attendants,
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air traffic controllers, and fire rescue.
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Each has a unique role and I'd say the most important trait is good communication.
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Since the captain is a pilot in command, he or she has full authority and responsibility of the airplane and everyone in it.
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If I was the captain of this flight, I would immediately notify air traffic control of the situation and request that they send fire rescue.
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I would also state the number of souls on board.
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My radio call would sound something like, Tower, November 123, we just went off the runway and into the water.
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We're partially submerged and have 150 souls on board.
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We need you to send fire rescue.
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Usually, the first officer makes all the radio calls while on the ground, but since this is such a critical situation,
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I would just speak to ATC myself to make sure the proper information is communicated.
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Next, I would direct the first officer to run the evacuation checklist.
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This would ensure that the engines are shut off and the airplane is safe before everyone exits.
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I would give the signal to evacuate and tell the passengers and flight attendants where we should all meet up.
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Ideally, this would be a location that's far enough and safe enough from the crash site.
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In this case, I would choose the runway edge.
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I would then go back to the cabin and help facilitate the evacuation.
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I would make sure that all the emergency exit doors were opened and the slides were deployed.
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I would also make sure that every passenger and crew member safely exits the airplane.
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Before exiting the airplane myself, I would try to take a few documents with me that could help the fire rescue team and the investigation.
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These documents would include the final passenger count,
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the aircraft's maintenance logbook, and the cargo report in case we had any hazardous materials in the cargo hold.
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Now, as a first officer, my job would be to back up or assist the captain with his or her duties.
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For example, I may communicate with the flight attendants while the captain is coordinating with air traffic control.
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Once the evacuation has started, I would then go back with the captain and help the passengers exit the airplane and ensure that the slides were deployed.
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I would also consider taking a fire extinguisher with me in case a fire broke out.
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As a flight attendant, I would probably be incredibly stressed
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and startled from the airplane leaving the runway and hitting the water so suddenly.
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Nonetheless, I would have to keep my composure
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and remain calm as I tell the passengers to release their seatbelts and get out.
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I would also remind them to leave their luggage behind as it could slow down and prevent others from evacuating.
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As a tower controller in this situation, one of my first responsibilities would be to notify airport fire rescue.
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I would relay the number of souls on board told to me by the flight crew.
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Depending on the size, the entire airport may be closed altogether.
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My next task would be to close the runway by redirecting arriving and departing traffic.
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I would instruct any approaching aircraft to go around.
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I would also need to coordinate with other air traffic control sectors to reduce or stop the amount of arriving flights.
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So that's my brief discussion on this photo and if you like this video please hit subscribe.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Aviation English Photo Description: Runway Excursion”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：aircraft, photo, runway, rescue, airplane。 这段视频共有 121 个句子、1759 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 10:18。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 171 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 81% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| runway 名词 | /ˈɹʌnweɪ/ | 伸展臺 /伸展台 |
| airplane 名词 | /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/ | 飛機 /飞机, 飛行機 /飞行机 |
| deploy 动词 | /dɪˈplɔɪ/ | 部署 |
| brake 名词 | /bɹeɪk/ | 剎車 /刹车, 制動器 /制动器 |
| shoreline 名词 | 海岸線 /海岸线, 岸線 /岸线 | |
| submerge 动词 | /səbˈmɝd͡ʒ/ | 淹沒 /淹没 |
| evacuate 动词 | /ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/ | 撤離 /撤离, 疏散 |
| attendant 名词 | /əˈtɛndənt/ | 服务员 |
| evacuation 名词 | /ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃən/ | 撤離 /撤离, 疏散 |
| excursion 名词 | /ɪkˈskɜː.ʃən/ | 遠足 /远足, 短途旅行 |
| fuselage 名词 | /ˈfjuːzəˌlɑːʒ/ | 機身 /机身 |
| investigator 名词 | /ɪnˈvɛs.tɪˌɡeɪ̯.təː/ | 調查者 /调查者 |
| cone 名词 | /ˈkoʊn/ | 錐體 /锥体 |
| partially 副词 | /ˈpɑɹʃəli/ | 部分地 |
| floodlight 名词 | 汎光燈 /泛光灯 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| break out 动词 | 逃出 | |
| point out 动词 | 指, 指出 | |
| slow down 动词 | 減速 /减速, 放慢 | |
| zoom out 动词 | /ˌzuːm ˈaʊt/ | 縮小 /缩小 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 条件句 if + 从句，will/would + 动词 — 条件及其结果 | if I had to guess I would say |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is referred · was most likely removed · have been deployed |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have been deployed · we've gone · has started |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 13 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, can't, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: thrust /θɹʌst/, nonetheless /ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: evacuation /ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃən/, excursion /ɪkˈskɜː.ʃən/, fuselage /ˈfjuːzəˌlɑːʒ/, partially /ˈpɑɹʃəli/, shear /ʃɪɚ/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: evacuate /ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/, evacuation /ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃən/, investigator /ɪnˈvɛs.tɪˌɡeɪ̯.təː/, illuminate /ɪˈl(j)umɪneɪt/, coordinate /koʊˈɔɹ.dəˌneɪt/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: evacuate /ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/, evacuation /ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃən/, investigator /ɪnˈvɛs.tɪˌɡeɪ̯.təː/, reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/, convective /kənˈvɛk.tɪv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: brake /bɹeɪk/, submerge /səbˈmɝd͡ʒ/, evacuate /ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/, attendant /əˈtɛndənt/, fuselage /ˈfjuːzəˌlɑːʒ/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: airplane /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/, partially /ˈpɑɹʃəli/, reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/, controller /kənˈtɹoʊlɚ/, startle /ˈstɑɹt(ə)l/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 runway, airplane, deploy 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。