跟读练习: Aviation English Photo Description: De-Icing - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Welcome back to another Easy Aviation English video.
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Since many of us are experiencing the cold weather during these winter months I thought this would be a great opportunity to talk about cold weather operations and specifically the de-icing process.
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I’ll be describing this photo as if I was taking the ICAO English Exam.
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But before I start just take a moment to look over this photo.
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What are some words and phrases you would use to describe this scene?
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Alright, in this photo I see an aircraft that’s being de-iced prior to departure.
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The purpose is to ensure that the aircraft and its critical surfaces are free of any contamination. There are Four trucks and each one is parked at a separate corner of the airplane. Each truck has a lift and at the top of the lift there is a specially trained employee spraying a de-icing fluid onto the aircraft.
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I can see that at least two of these employees are wearing a reflective vest which makes them more visible to anyone else on the ramp.
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Now let's look at the aircraft. The airplane at the center of this photo appears to be a transport category aircraft possibly a Boeing 737 or Airbus A320 so the chances are that it’s carrying either passengers or cargo. It also looks like this aircraft was just pushed back from the gate. Not only is the airplane still connected to the tug via the tow-bar but I can clearly see the tire marks left in the snow from the main wheels when it was pushed back.
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However, I don’t think the airplane is chalked because I see a few pairs of wheel chalks sitting on the tug just behind where the driver is seated.
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In the background I can see that the sky is overcast and the visibility is quite low.
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This is probably due to the snowfall which appears to be moderate to heavy in intensity.
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I also wouldn’t be surprised if the local METAR reported low ceilings as well.
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Now, why is getting de-iced so important?
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Well, the reason an airplane gets de-iced is to remove and prevent any ice accumulation at least until the aircraft reaches the climb phase of flight.
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In this photo the aircraft will receive two applications of de-icing fluid.
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The first type will melt and remove any existing snow and ice.
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Now, since it’s actively snowing a second type of de-icing fluid will be applied to prevent any ice from adhering to the aircraft.
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During this process the de-ice team will pay special attention to removing snow and ice from the aircraft’s critical surfaces.
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These critical surfaces include the upper surface of the wing, both horizontal and vertical stabilizers as well as certain instrument probes and sensors.
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These are basically the parts of the airplane that would negatively affect aircraft's performance if there was any contamination.
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Let's talk about the de-icing process. Now before getting de-iced, the pilots must decide which type of de-icing fluids will be required and that will depend on the local weather conditions. The flight crew will then put in their request with the de-ice team. After the aircraft is properly configured the de-ice team will then begin the de-icing process.
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Once that’s complete a member of the de-ice team will inspect the aircraft to verify that it’s free of contaminants and then notify the flight crew.
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The pilots will then re-configure the aircraft and continue taxiing to the runway.
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If I was the captain on this flight, what would be some special considerations?
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Well, if I was the captain on this flight, I would pay special attention while taxiing.
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Clearly the ramp has not yet been plowed and there’s still plenty of snow on the ground. Therefore I would be extra cautious especially while steering the aircraft and operating the brakes.
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I would also consider making a passenger announcement if I expected any delays.
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I would say something like “Ladies and gentlemen this the captain speaking.
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Since safety is our number one priority we will be getting de-iced.
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In doing so, we will be slightly delayed for departure.
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Thank you for your patience and understanding. If I expect any more delays I’ll be sure to let you know.” So that wraps up my description of this photo.
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What other details did you notice that weren’t mentioned?
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Write it in the comments below. And If you liked this short video please give it a like and hit the subscribe button.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Aviation English Photo Description: De-Icing”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：aircraft, ice, icing, airplane, photo。 这段视频共有 34 个句子、766 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:38。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 165 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 81% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| airplane 名词 | /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/ | 飛機 /飞机, 飛行機 /飞行机 |
| configure 动词 | /kənˈfɪɡə(ɹ)/ | 配置, 設定 /设定 |
| chalk 名词 | /t͡ʃɔk/ | 白堊 /白垩 |
| contamination 名词 | /kənˌtæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ | 污染 |
| taxi 名词 | /ˈtæksi/ | 出租汽車 /出租汽车, 出租車 /出租车 |
| overcast 形容词 | /ˈoʊvɚ.kæst/ | 陰沉 /阴沉, 灰濛蒙 /灰蒙蒙 |
| snowfall 名词 | /ˈsnoʊfɔːl/ | 降雪, 下雪 |
| adhere 动词 | /ædˈhɪə/ | 粘附, 黏著 |
| accumulation 名词 | /əˌkjuːm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ | 积累, 累计 |
| inspect 动词 | /ɪnˈspɛkt/ | 調查 /调查, 檢查 /检查 |
| steer 动词 | /stɪɹ/ | 掌舵, 驾驶 |
| vest 名词 | /vɛst/ | 坎肩, 背心 |
| notify 动词 | /ˈnoʊtɪfaɪ/ | 通知, 通告 |
| visibility 名词 | /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ | 能見度 /能见度, 可見度 /可见度 |
| cautious 形容词 | /ˈkɔːʃəs/ | 謹慎 /谨慎, 慎重 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 条件句 if + 从句，will/would + 动词 — 条件及其结果 | If I expect any more delays I'll be |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is parked · was just pushed · is chalked |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 5 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 I'll, don't, weren't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: contamination /kənˌtæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/, accumulation /əˌkjuːm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/, specially /ˈspɛʃəli/, patience /ˈpeɪ̯.ʃəns/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: contamination /kənˌtæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/, contaminant /kənˈtamɪnənt/, stabilizer /ˈsteɪbəlaɪzɚ/, accumulation /əˌkjuːm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, visibility /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: overcast /ˈoʊvɚ.kæst/, reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/, vest /vɛst/, visibility /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: chalk /t͡ʃɔk/, contaminant /kənˈtamɪnənt/, overcast /ˈoʊvɚ.kæst/, reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/, inspect /ɪnˈspɛkt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: airplane /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/, reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 airplane, configure, chalk 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。