シャドーイング練習: Aviation English Photo Description: De-Icing - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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34 文
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Welcome back to another Easy Aviation English video.
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Since many of us are experiencing the cold weather during these winter months I thought this would be a great opportunity to talk about cold weather operations and specifically the de-icing process.
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I’ll be describing this photo as if I was taking the ICAO English Exam.
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But before I start just take a moment to look over this photo.
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What are some words and phrases you would use to describe this scene?
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Alright, in this photo I see an aircraft that’s being de-iced prior to departure.
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The purpose is to ensure that the aircraft and its critical surfaces are free of any contamination. There are Four trucks and each one is parked at a separate corner of the airplane. Each truck has a lift and at the top of the lift there is a specially trained employee spraying a de-icing fluid onto the aircraft.
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I can see that at least two of these employees are wearing a reflective vest which makes them more visible to anyone else on the ramp.
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Now let's look at the aircraft. The airplane at the center of this photo appears to be a transport category aircraft possibly a Boeing 737 or Airbus A320 so the chances are that it’s carrying either passengers or cargo. It also looks like this aircraft was just pushed back from the gate. Not only is the airplane still connected to the tug via the tow-bar but I can clearly see the tire marks left in the snow from the main wheels when it was pushed back.
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However, I don’t think the airplane is chalked because I see a few pairs of wheel chalks sitting on the tug just behind where the driver is seated.
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In the background I can see that the sky is overcast and the visibility is quite low.
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This is probably due to the snowfall which appears to be moderate to heavy in intensity.
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I also wouldn’t be surprised if the local METAR reported low ceilings as well.
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Now, why is getting de-iced so important?
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Well, the reason an airplane gets de-iced is to remove and prevent any ice accumulation at least until the aircraft reaches the climb phase of flight.
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In this photo the aircraft will receive two applications of de-icing fluid.
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The first type will melt and remove any existing snow and ice.
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Now, since it’s actively snowing a second type of de-icing fluid will be applied to prevent any ice from adhering to the aircraft.
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During this process the de-ice team will pay special attention to removing snow and ice from the aircraft’s critical surfaces.
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These critical surfaces include the upper surface of the wing, both horizontal and vertical stabilizers as well as certain instrument probes and sensors.
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These are basically the parts of the airplane that would negatively affect aircraft's performance if there was any contamination.
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Let's talk about the de-icing process. Now before getting de-iced, the pilots must decide which type of de-icing fluids will be required and that will depend on the local weather conditions. The flight crew will then put in their request with the de-ice team. After the aircraft is properly configured the de-ice team will then begin the de-icing process.
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Once that’s complete a member of the de-ice team will inspect the aircraft to verify that it’s free of contaminants and then notify the flight crew.
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The pilots will then re-configure the aircraft and continue taxiing to the runway.
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If I was the captain on this flight, what would be some special considerations?
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Well, if I was the captain on this flight, I would pay special attention while taxiing.
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Clearly the ramp has not yet been plowed and there’s still plenty of snow on the ground. Therefore I would be extra cautious especially while steering the aircraft and operating the brakes.
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I would also consider making a passenger announcement if I expected any delays.
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I would say something like “Ladies and gentlemen this the captain speaking.
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Since safety is our number one priority we will be getting de-iced.
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In doing so, we will be slightly delayed for departure.
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Thank you for your patience and understanding. If I expect any more delays I’ll be sure to let you know.” So that wraps up my description of this photo.
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What other details did you notice that weren’t mentioned?
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Write it in the comments below. And If you liked this short video please give it a like and hit the subscribe button.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Aviation English Photo Description: De-Icing」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：aircraft, ice, icing, airplane, photo。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が34文、単語が766語あります。 音声の長さは4:38です。 話す速さは1分あたり約165語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は81%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| airplane 名詞 | /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/ | 飛行機, 航空機 |
| configure 動詞 | /kənˈfɪɡə(ɹ)/ | 設定する |
| chalk 名詞 | /t͡ʃɔk/ | 白亜 |
| contamination 名詞 | /kənˌtæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ | 汚染, コンタミネーション |
| taxi 名詞 | /ˈtæksi/ | タクシー, 辻自動車 |
| overcast 形容詞 | /ˈoʊvɚ.kæst/ | どんよりした |
| snowfall 名詞 | /ˈsnoʊfɔːl/ | 降雪 |
| adhere 動詞 | /ædˈhɪə/ | くっ付く, 付く |
| steer 動詞 | /stɪɹ/ | 操縦する, 舵を取る |
| vest 名詞 | /vɛst/ | チョッキ, ベスト |
| notify 動詞 | /ˈnoʊtɪfaɪ/ | 通告する, 通知する |
| visibility 名詞 | /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ | 可視, 顕在 |
| cautious 形容詞 | /ˈkɔːʃəs/ | 慎重な |
| horizontal 形容詞 | /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/ | 水平な, 横の |
| sensor 名詞 | /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ | センサー, センサ |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 条件文 if + 節, will/would + 動詞 — 条件とその結果 | If I expect any more delays I'll be |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is parked · was just pushed · is chalked |
注意したい発音
話し手はI'll, don't, weren'tなど、短縮形や弱形を5回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: contamination /kənˌtæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/, accumulation /əˌkjuːm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/, specially /ˈspɛʃəli/, patience /ˈpeɪ̯.ʃəns/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: contamination /kənˌtæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/, contaminant /kənˈtamɪnənt/, stabilizer /ˈsteɪbəlaɪzɚ/, accumulation /əˌkjuːm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/, visibility /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: airplane /ˈɛɹˌpleɪ̯n/, reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: overcast /ˈoʊvɚ.kæst/, reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/, vest /vɛst/, visibility /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: configure /kənˈfɪɡə(ɹ)/, snowfall /ˈsnoʊfɔːl/, reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/, notify /ˈnoʊtɪfaɪ/, verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。airplane, configure, chalkなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。