跟读练习: Biology: Cell Structure I Nucleus Medical Media - 通过视频学习英语口语
选择练习模式
每种模式都会打开全屏练习室。
62 句
如果句子过短或过长，请点击 Edit 进行调整。
1
Cells are the smallest living units of an organism.
2
All cells have three things in common, no matter what type of cell they are.
3
All cells have a cell membrane, which separates the inside of the cell from its environment,
4
cytoplasm, which is a jelly-like fluid, and DNA, which is the cell's genetic material.
5
There are two broad categories of cells.
6
The first category is eukaryotic cells.
7
They have organelles, which include the nucleus and other special parts.
8
Eukaryotic cells are more advanced, complex cells, such as those found in plants and animals.
9
The second category is prokaryotic cells.
10
They don't have a nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles.
11
They do have genetic material, but it's not contained within a nucleus.
12
Prokaryotic cells are always one-celled or unicellular organisms, such as bacteria. So, what are organelles?
13
Organelle means little organ.
14
Organelles are the specialized parts of a cell that have unique jobs to perform.
15
Let's start with the nucleus, the control center of the cell.
16
The nucleus contains DNA, or genetic material.
17
DNA dictates what the cell is going to do and how it's going to do it.
18
Chromatin is the tangled, spread out form of DNA found inside the nuclear membrane.
19
When a cell is ready to divide, DNA condenses into structures known as chromosomes.
20
The nucleus also contains a nucleolus, which is a structure where ribosomes are made.
21
After ribosomes leave the nucleus, they will have the important job of synthesizing or making proteins.
22
Outside the nucleus, the ribosomes and the rest of the organelles float around in cytoplasm, which is the jelly-like substance.
23
may wander freely within the cytoplasm or attach to the endoplasmic reticulum, sometimes abbreviated as ER.
24
There are two types of ER.
25
Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it, and smooth ER doesn't have ribosomes attached to it.
26
The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane-enclosed passageway for transporting materials, such as the proteins synthesized by ribosomes.
27
Proteins and other materials emerge from the endoplasmic reticulum in small vesicles,
28
where the Golgi apparatus, sometimes called the Golgi body, receives them.
29
As proteins move through the Golgi body, they're customized into forms that the cell can use.
30
The Golgi body does this by folding the proteins into usable shapes
31
or adding other materials onto them such as lipids or carbohydrates.
32
Vacuoles are sac-like structures that store different materials.
33
Here in this plant cell, the central vacuole stores water.
34
Going back to the animal cell, you will see an organelle called a lysosome.
35
Lysosomes are the garbage collectors that take in damaged or worn out cell parts.
36
They are filled with enzymes that break down this cellular debris.
37
The mitochondrion is an organelle that is the powerhouse for both animal and plant cells.
38
During a process called cellular respiration,
39
the mitochondria make ATP molecules that provide the energy for all of the cell's activities.
40
Cells that need more energy have more mitochondria.
41
Meanwhile, the cell maintains its shape through a cytoskeleton.
42
The cytoskeleton includes the thread-like microfilaments, which are made of protein,
43
and microtubules, which are thin, hollow tubes.
44
Some organisms, such as plants that are photoautotrophic, meaning they capture sunlight for energy,
45
have cells with an organelle called a chloroplast.
46
The chloroplast is where photosynthesis happens.
47
It's green because it has a green pigment called chlorophyll.
48
Plant cells also have a cell wall outside of their cell membranes that shape, support and protect the plant cell.
49
Animal cells never have a cell wall.
50
There are many other unique structures that only some cells have.
51
Here are just a few.
52
In humans, for example, the respiratory tract is lined with cells that have cilia.
53
These are microscopic, hair-like projections that can move in waves.
54
This feature helps trap inhaled particles in the air and expels them when you cough.
55
Another unique feature in some cells is flagella.
56
Some bacteria have flagella.
57
A flagellum is like a little tail that can help a cell move or propel itself.
58
The only human cell that has a flagellum is a sperm cell.
59
In summary, remember, eukaryotic cells are plant and animal cells with a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles,
60
while prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms without these things.
61
All cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material.
62
And even though only plant cells have chloroplasts, both plant and animal cells have mitochondria.
同频道
C11
Stem Cells
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C12
Fertilization
University StudentsWorking Adults
C1Osteoporosis
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI)
University StudentsWorking Adults
C1A1C Test for Measuring Blood Sugar Levels
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
FOR YOU
推荐视频
C12
799 句
Cell Biology | Cell Structure & Function
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
88 句
Myasthenia gravis
University StudentsWorking Adults
C11
32 句
Structure and Function of a Prokaryotic Cell (Bacteria)
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
3 句
"DNA" tiếng Anh là gì #vocabulary #toeic #ielts #hoctuvung #tuvungtienganh
TOEIC PrepUniversity Students
C11
339 句
Introduction to HPLC - Lecture 1: HPLC Basics
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
100 句
Epithelial Tissue
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
60 句
Faces of Chemistry: Organic solar cells (BASF) - Video 2 (14+)
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
182 句
Thyroid Gland | Anatomy and Embryology | Lobes and Blood supply | Development of the Thyroid Gland
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C244
74 句
This machine lives inside you
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C11
43 句
What is an Organization? - the Nature of Organizations
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
530 句
Antimycobacterials | Anti-TB Drugs
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“Biology: Cell Structure I Nucleus Medical Media”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：cell, organelle, nucleus, plant, material。 这段视频共有 62 个句子、728 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 6:54。 说话人语速较慢，每分钟约 105 个词，你有足够的时间模仿每一个音。 只有 72% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| organelle 名词 | /ˌɔɹ.ɡənˈɛl/ | 胞器, 細胞器 /细胞器 |
| nucleus 名词 | /ˈnuː.kli.əs/ | 核心, 核 |
| ribosome 名词 | /ˈɹaɪbəˌsoʊm/ | 核糖體 /核糖体, 核糖核蛋白體 /核糖核蛋白体 |
| membrane 名词 | /ˈmɛm.bɹeɪn/ | 薄膜 |
| cytoplasm 名词 | /ˈsaɪtəʊˌplæzəm/ | 細胞質 /细胞质 |
| flagellum 名词 | /fləˈd͡ʒɛləm/ | 鞭毛 |
| mitochondrion 名词 | /ˌmaɪtəˈkɑndɹiən/ | 線粒體 /线粒体, 粒線體 /粒线体 |
| organism 名词 | /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ | 生物, 有機體 /有机体 |
| chloroplast 名词 | /ˈklɔːɹəʊˌplæst/ | 葉綠體 /叶绿体 |
| enclose 动词 | /ɪnˈkloʊz/ | 围绕, 包围 |
| eukaryotic 形容词 | 真核的 | |
| prokaryotic 形容词 | 原核的 | |
| reticulum 名词 | 蜂巢胃, 金錢肚 /金钱肚 | |
| attach 动词 | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | 附上, 附 |
| bacterium 名词 | /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ | 細菌 /细菌 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| break down 动词 | 壞了 /坏了, 出故障 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | cytoplasm, which is · nucleolus, which is · microfilaments, which are |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | are made · are filled · is lined |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 3 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 doesn't, don't, they're。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: synthesize /ˈsɪnθəsaɪz/, photosynthesis /ˌfoʊ.toʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: respiration /ɹɛspɪˈɹeɪʃən/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/, projection /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: cytoplasm /ˈsaɪtəʊˌplæzəm/, mitochondrion /ˌmaɪtəˈkɑndɹiən/, organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, unicellular /ˌjuːnɪˈsɛljʊlə(ɹ)/, abbreviate /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vacuole /ˈvækjʊˌəʊl/, abbreviate /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/, vesicle /ˈvɛsɪkəl/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: nucleus /ˈnuː.kli.əs/, chloroplast /ˈklɔːɹəʊˌplæst/, enclose /ɪnˈkloʊz/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, synthesize /ˈsɪnθəsaɪz/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: organelle /ˌɔɹ.ɡənˈɛl/, chloroplast /ˈklɔːɹəʊˌplæst/, unicellular /ˌjuːnɪˈsɛljʊlə(ɹ)/, chlorophyll /ˈklɔɹ.ə.fɪl/, microfilament /ˈmaɪkrəʊˌfɪləmənt/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 organelle, nucleus, ribosome 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。