跟读练习: Osteoporosis - 通过视频学习英语口语
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44 句
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The skeleton is made up of bones, which provide support and shape to the body.
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They protect soft internal organs, such as the brain and heart, from injury.
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Together with muscles, strong bones enable the body to move freely.
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Bones have a solid outer surface called compact bone.
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The inner bone is called spongy bone
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because it is less dense than compact bone and has many small holes like a sponge.
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Bones contain cells called osteoclasts that break down bone tissue.
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Other cells, called osteoblasts, make new bone tissue using minerals such as calcium and phosphate from the blood.
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Hormones such as estrogen, growth hormone,
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and testosterone help keep the number and activity of osteoblasts higher than osteoclasts so that more bone is made than removed.
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Physical forces and pressure during exercise also help bones to grow stronger and denser.
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These processes allow bones to grow strong in children and young adults.
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People have their strongest, most dense bones, called peak bone mass, in their 30s.
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After this age, osteoclasts gradually remove more bone than the osteoblasts make.
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Osteoporosis is a condition that leads to weakened bones, causing them to break more easily.
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Healthy bone is dense enough to support and protect the body, and to handle the stresses of movement and minor injuries.
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However, people with osteoporosis have abnormally thin bones with larger holes in the spongy bone.
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There are two types of osteoporosis.
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Primary osteoporosis is usually related to older age, as well as a reduced amount of estrogen in women.
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Secondary osteoporosis affects both children and adults.
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It is related to other diseases or conditions, such as cancer, hormone problems, or use of certain medications.
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A person has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they don't develop enough bone mass when they're growing from childhood to adulthood.
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Risk factors that can lead to low peak bone mass include a family history of osteoporosis,
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being white or Asian, being female,
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a poor diet, certain medications such as steroids or certain seizure medicines,
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lack of physical activity and weight -bearing exercise, • And lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking and drinking too much alcohol.
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A person also has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they have an abnormal amount of bone loss after age 30.
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Some bone loss is normal after this age.
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However, a person with the same risk factors for low peak bone mass can be more likely to get osteoporosis as they age.
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Increased bone loss is also common in women after the time of a woman's last period, called menopause.
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After menopause, a woman's ovaries stop making the hormone estrogen.
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With the drop in hormones, bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts, are more active than the bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Bones may break or fracture easily because they're unable to withstand the physical strain and pressure from even normal activities.
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Common fracture locations in people with osteoporosis include the wrists, spine, and hips.
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Building strong,
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healthy bones through a diet rich in calcium and vitamins and getting regular exercise can help prevent as well as treat osteoporosis.
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Common medications for osteoporosis include biphosphonates,
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a medication called denosumab, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, or CIRMs and calcitonin.
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In general, these medications act on bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts.
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Parathyroid hormone acts on bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Food or supplements containing calcium and vitamin D are also recommended for osteoporosis.
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For more information, talk to a healthcare professional.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“Osteoporosis”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：bone, osteoporosis, hormone, cells, osteoblasts。 这段视频共有 35 个句子、578 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:05。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 114 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 73% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| bone 名词 | /boʊn/ | гўдў, гўдўзы |
| hormone 名词 | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | 激素, 荷爾蒙 /荷尔蒙 |
| medication 名词 | /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ | 藥物 /药物 |
| dense 形容词 | /ˈdɛns/ | 密, 稠密 |
| calcium 名词 | /ˈkælsi.əm/ | 鈣 /钙 |
| tissue 名词 | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | 纸巾 |
| compact 形容词 | /kəmˈpækt/ | 緊湊的 /紧凑的 |
| vitamin 名词 | /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ | 維生素 /维生素, 維他命 /维他命 |
| fracture 名词 | /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/ | 骨折 |
| thin 形容词 | /ˈθɪn/ | бә, 薄 |
| hip 名词 | /hɪp/ | 髖 /髋 |
| muscle 名词 | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | 肌肉, 筋肉 |
| lifestyle 名词 | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | 生活方式, 生態 /生态 |
| gradually 副词 | /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/ | 逐漸 /逐渐, 漸漸 /渐渐 |
| strain 名词 | /stɹeɪn/ | 株 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| break down 动词 | 壞了 /坏了, 出故障 |
需要注意的发音
- “th” 音: thirty /ˈθɝti/, thin /ˈθɪn/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, testosterone /tɛˈstɑ.stəˌɹoʊn/, osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, calcitonin /ˌkæl.sɪˈtoʊ.nɪn/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vitamin /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/, selective /səˈlɛktɪv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: dense /ˈdɛns/, compact /kəmˈpækt/, hip /hɪp/, supplement /ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/, wrist /ɹɪst/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/, freely /ˈfɹili/, mineral /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/, abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 bone, hormone, medication 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。