Pratique du Shadowing: Osteoporosis - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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44 phrases
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The skeleton is made up of bones, which provide support and shape to the body.
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They protect soft internal organs, such as the brain and heart, from injury.
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Together with muscles, strong bones enable the body to move freely.
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Bones have a solid outer surface called compact bone.
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The inner bone is called spongy bone
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because it is less dense than compact bone and has many small holes like a sponge.
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Bones contain cells called osteoclasts that break down bone tissue.
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Other cells, called osteoblasts, make new bone tissue using minerals such as calcium and phosphate from the blood.
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Hormones such as estrogen, growth hormone,
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and testosterone help keep the number and activity of osteoblasts higher than osteoclasts so that more bone is made than removed.
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Physical forces and pressure during exercise also help bones to grow stronger and denser.
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These processes allow bones to grow strong in children and young adults.
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People have their strongest, most dense bones, called peak bone mass, in their 30s.
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After this age, osteoclasts gradually remove more bone than the osteoblasts make.
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Osteoporosis is a condition that leads to weakened bones, causing them to break more easily.
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Healthy bone is dense enough to support and protect the body, and to handle the stresses of movement and minor injuries.
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However, people with osteoporosis have abnormally thin bones with larger holes in the spongy bone.
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There are two types of osteoporosis.
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Primary osteoporosis is usually related to older age, as well as a reduced amount of estrogen in women.
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Secondary osteoporosis affects both children and adults.
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It is related to other diseases or conditions, such as cancer, hormone problems, or use of certain medications.
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A person has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they don't develop enough bone mass when they're growing from childhood to adulthood.
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Risk factors that can lead to low peak bone mass include a family history of osteoporosis,
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being white or Asian, being female,
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a poor diet, certain medications such as steroids or certain seizure medicines,
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lack of physical activity and weight -bearing exercise, • And lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking and drinking too much alcohol.
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A person also has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they have an abnormal amount of bone loss after age 30.
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Some bone loss is normal after this age.
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However, a person with the same risk factors for low peak bone mass can be more likely to get osteoporosis as they age.
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Increased bone loss is also common in women after the time of a woman's last period, called menopause.
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After menopause, a woman's ovaries stop making the hormone estrogen.
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With the drop in hormones, bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts, are more active than the bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Bones may break or fracture easily because they're unable to withstand the physical strain and pressure from even normal activities.
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Common fracture locations in people with osteoporosis include the wrists, spine, and hips.
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Building strong,
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healthy bones through a diet rich in calcium and vitamins and getting regular exercise can help prevent as well as treat osteoporosis.
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Common medications for osteoporosis include biphosphonates,
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a medication called denosumab, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, or CIRMs and calcitonin.
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In general, these medications act on bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts.
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Parathyroid hormone acts on bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Food or supplements containing calcium and vitamin D are also recommended for osteoporosis.
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For more information, talk to a healthcare professional.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « Osteoporosis ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : bone, osteoporosis, hormone, cells, osteoblasts. Cette vidéo contient 35 phrases et 578 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:05. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 114 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 73 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
bone nom/boʊn/os
hormone nom/ˈhoɹmoʊn/hormone
medication nom/mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/médication
dense adjectif/ˈdɛns/dense
calcium nom/ˈkælsi.əm/calcium
tissue nom/ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/tissu
compact adjectif/kəmˈpækt/compact
vitamin nom/ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/vitamine
fracture nom/ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/fracture
thin adjectif/ˈθɪn/mince
hip nom/hɪp/hanche
muscle nom/ˈmʌs.əl/muscle
enable verbe/ɪˈneɪ.bəl/autoriser, permettre
lifestyle nom/ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/mode de vie, hygiène de vie
strain nom/stɹeɪn/race, souche

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

MotSens
break down verbetomber en panne

Prononciation à surveiller

  • Les sons « th »: thirty /ˈθɝti/, thin /ˈθɪn/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, testosterone /tɛˈstɑ.stəˌɹoʊn/, osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, calcitonin /ˌkæl.sɪˈtoʊ.nɪn/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

  • /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/, hip /hɪp/
  • /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: fracture /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/, gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/, sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/, estrogen /ˈɛstɹəd͡ʒən/, spongy /ˈspʌnd͡ʒi/
  • /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/, fracture /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/, gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/, strain /stɹeɪn/, freely /ˈfɹili/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme bone, hormone, medication.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →