Shadowing Practice: Osteoporosis - Learn English Speaking with Video
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The skeleton is made up of bones, which provide support and shape to the body.
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They protect soft internal organs, such as the brain and heart, from injury.
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Together with muscles, strong bones enable the body to move freely.
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Bones have a solid outer surface called compact bone.
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The inner bone is called spongy bone
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because it is less dense than compact bone and has many small holes like a sponge.
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Bones contain cells called osteoclasts that break down bone tissue.
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Other cells, called osteoblasts, make new bone tissue using minerals such as calcium and phosphate from the blood.
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Hormones such as estrogen, growth hormone,
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and testosterone help keep the number and activity of osteoblasts higher than osteoclasts so that more bone is made than removed.
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Physical forces and pressure during exercise also help bones to grow stronger and denser.
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These processes allow bones to grow strong in children and young adults.
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People have their strongest, most dense bones, called peak bone mass, in their 30s.
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After this age, osteoclasts gradually remove more bone than the osteoblasts make.
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Osteoporosis is a condition that leads to weakened bones, causing them to break more easily.
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Healthy bone is dense enough to support and protect the body, and to handle the stresses of movement and minor injuries.
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However, people with osteoporosis have abnormally thin bones with larger holes in the spongy bone.
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There are two types of osteoporosis.
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Primary osteoporosis is usually related to older age, as well as a reduced amount of estrogen in women.
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Secondary osteoporosis affects both children and adults.
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It is related to other diseases or conditions, such as cancer, hormone problems, or use of certain medications.
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A person has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they don't develop enough bone mass when they're growing from childhood to adulthood.
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Risk factors that can lead to low peak bone mass include a family history of osteoporosis,
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being white or Asian, being female,
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a poor diet, certain medications such as steroids or certain seizure medicines,
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lack of physical activity and weight -bearing exercise, • And lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking and drinking too much alcohol.
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A person also has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they have an abnormal amount of bone loss after age 30.
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Some bone loss is normal after this age.
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However, a person with the same risk factors for low peak bone mass can be more likely to get osteoporosis as they age.
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Increased bone loss is also common in women after the time of a woman's last period, called menopause.
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After menopause, a woman's ovaries stop making the hormone estrogen.
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With the drop in hormones, bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts, are more active than the bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Bones may break or fracture easily because they're unable to withstand the physical strain and pressure from even normal activities.
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Common fracture locations in people with osteoporosis include the wrists, spine, and hips.
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Building strong,
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healthy bones through a diet rich in calcium and vitamins and getting regular exercise can help prevent as well as treat osteoporosis.
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Common medications for osteoporosis include biphosphonates,
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a medication called denosumab, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, or CIRMs and calcitonin.
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In general, these medications act on bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts.
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Parathyroid hormone acts on bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Food or supplements containing calcium and vitamin D are also recommended for osteoporosis.
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For more information, talk to a healthcare professional.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “Osteoporosis”. Las palabras que más se repiten: bone, osteoporosis, hormone, cells, osteoblasts. Este vídeo tiene 35 frases y 578 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:05. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 114 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 73 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| bone sustantivo | /boʊn/ | hueso |
| hormone sustantivo | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | hormona |
| medication sustantivo | /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ | medicamento, medicación |
| dense adjetivo | /ˈdɛns/ | denso |
| calcium sustantivo | /ˈkælsi.əm/ | calcio |
| tissue sustantivo | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | tejido |
| compact adjetivo | /kəmˈpækt/ | compacto |
| vitamin sustantivo | /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ | vitamina, vitamínico |
| fracture sustantivo | /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/ | fractura |
| hip sustantivo | /hɪp/ | cadera, anca |
| muscle sustantivo | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | músculo |
| enable verbo | /ɪˈneɪ.bəl/ | habilitar, posibilitar |
| lifestyle sustantivo | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | género/estilo de vida/vivir/vivencia, estilo/género vital/vivencial |
| gradually adverbio | /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/ | gradualmente, paulatinamente |
| strain sustantivo | /stɹeɪn/ | cepa, variedad |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| break down verbo | descomponerse, averiarse |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “th”: thirty /ˈθɝti/, thin /ˈθɪn/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, testosterone /tɛˈstɑ.stəˌɹoʊn/, osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, calcitonin /ˌkæl.sɪˈtoʊ.nɪn/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: strain /stɹeɪn/, spine /spaɪn/, skeleton /ˈskɛlətən/, sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/, spongy /ˈspʌnd͡ʒi/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: vitamin /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/, selective /səˈlɛktɪv/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/, sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/, estrogen /ˈɛstɹəd͡ʒən/, spongy /ˈspʌnd͡ʒi/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como bone, hormone, medication.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.