Shadowing Practice: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) - Learn English Speaking with Video
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If you have a severe problem with the aortic valve in your heart, your doctor may recommend a transcatheter aortic valve implantation, or TAVI.
Si usted tiene un problema grave con la válvula aórtica de su corazón, su médico puede recomendarle un implante de válvula aórtica transcatéter, o TAVI.
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It's also known as transcatheter aortic valve replacement, or TAVR.
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Your aortic valve is one of the four valves in your heart.
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It lies between your left ventricle, or lower left chamber, and the large blood vessel supplying oxygen -rich blood to your body called the aorta.
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When your left ventricle contracts during each heartbeat, it pushes blood through three flexible cup -like leaflets that make up your aortic valve.
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When your left ventricle relaxes, your aortic valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into your left ventricle.
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As you get older, your aortic valve may develop deposits of calcium that cause your leaflets to get thicker and less flexible.
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In this condition, your leaflets may not open fully.
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This condition, called calcific aortic valve stenosis, creates a narrowed opening that reduces the amount of blood flowing into your aorta and out to your body.
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As a result, the wall of your left ventricle thickens
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because it has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve opening.
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At the beginning of your procedure, your doctor will make a small incision in your groin.
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After creating an opening in a blood vessel called the femoral artery, your doctor will insert a flexible tube called an introducer sheath.
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Through the sheath, your doctor will insert a flexible guide wire into your femoral artery.
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The guide wire will be passed through your femoral artery, all the way up to your aorta.
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Then the guide wire will be pushed through the opening in your aortic valve and into your left ventricle.
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Your doctor will use the guide wire to pass a flexible tube, called a catheter, through your aortic valve.
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A balloon on the tip of the catheter will be inflated
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to widen the opening in your aortic valve to push the valve leaflets to the sides.
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After deflating the balloon, your doctor will remove the catheter.
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The replacement valve consists of a tissue valve surrounded by a wire mesh called a stent.
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The replacement valve will be compressed and placed on the tip of another catheter.
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This catheter will be inserted through your aortic valve.
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When the catheter reaches the opening in your aortic valve, your doctor will inflate a balloon underneath the replacement valve to expand it and the stent.
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After placement of the new aortic valve, your doctor will deflate the balloon.
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The stent will support and secure the replacement valve in place.
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The catheter and guide wire will be removed.
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At the end of the procedure, the introducer sheath in your groin will be removed, and your skin incision will be closed.
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You will have another incision on the other side of your groin, through which instruments were inserted to monitor your heart during the procedure.
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This skin incision will also be closed.
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To find out more about transcatheter aortic valve implantation, talk to your health care practitioner.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation”. Las palabras que más se repiten: valve, aortic, doctor, catheter, blood. Este vídeo tiene 31 frases y 505 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:40. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 138 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 66 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| aortic adjetivo | /eɪˈɔɹ.tɪk/ | aórtico |
| catheter sustantivo | /ˈkæθɪtɚ/ | catéter |
| ventricle sustantivo | /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/ | ventrículo |
| incision sustantivo | /ɪnˈsɪʒən/ | incisión, cisura |
| leaflet sustantivo | /ˈliːflɪt/ | folíolo |
| balloon sustantivo | /bəˈlun/ | globo, vejiga |
| insert verbo | /ɪnˈsɝt/ | insertar, enserir |
| aorta sustantivo | /eɪˈɔɹtə/ | aorta |
| femoral adjetivo | /ˈfɛ.mə.ɹəl/ | femoral |
| groin sustantivo | /ˈɡɹoɪ̯n/ ~ /ˈɡɹɔɪ̯n/ | ingle |
| sheath sustantivo | /ʃiθ/ | envoltura |
| stent sustantivo | /stɛnt/ | estent |
| artery sustantivo | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | arteria |
| deflate verbo | /diːˈfleɪt/ | desinflar, deshinchar |
| implantation sustantivo | /ɪmplɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ | implantación |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| find out verbo | averiguar, anoticiarse | |
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | reponer, suplir |
| pass through verbo | atravesar |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “th”: catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/, sheath /ʃiθ/, thicken /ˈθɪkən/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/, sheath /ʃiθ/, implantation /ɪmplɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, mesh /mɛʃ/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: implantation /ɪmplɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: stent /stɛnt/, stenosis /stəˈnoʊ.sɪs/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como aortic, catheter, ventricle.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.