Shadowing Practice: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) - Learn English Speaking with Video
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31 sentences
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If you have a severe problem with the aortic valve in your heart, your doctor may recommend a transcatheter aortic valve implantation, or TAVI.
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It's also known as transcatheter aortic valve replacement, or TAVR.
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Your aortic valve is one of the four valves in your heart.
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It lies between your left ventricle, or lower left chamber, and the large blood vessel supplying oxygen -rich blood to your body called the aorta.
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When your left ventricle contracts during each heartbeat, it pushes blood through three flexible cup -like leaflets that make up your aortic valve.
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When your left ventricle relaxes, your aortic valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into your left ventricle.
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As you get older, your aortic valve may develop deposits of calcium that cause your leaflets to get thicker and less flexible.
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In this condition, your leaflets may not open fully.
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This condition, called calcific aortic valve stenosis, creates a narrowed opening that reduces the amount of blood flowing into your aorta and out to your body.
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As a result, the wall of your left ventricle thickens
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because it has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve opening.
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At the beginning of your procedure, your doctor will make a small incision in your groin.
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After creating an opening in a blood vessel called the femoral artery, your doctor will insert a flexible tube called an introducer sheath.
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Through the sheath, your doctor will insert a flexible guide wire into your femoral artery.
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The guide wire will be passed through your femoral artery, all the way up to your aorta.
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Then the guide wire will be pushed through the opening in your aortic valve and into your left ventricle.
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Your doctor will use the guide wire to pass a flexible tube, called a catheter, through your aortic valve.
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A balloon on the tip of the catheter will be inflated
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to widen the opening in your aortic valve to push the valve leaflets to the sides.
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After deflating the balloon, your doctor will remove the catheter.
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The replacement valve consists of a tissue valve surrounded by a wire mesh called a stent.
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The replacement valve will be compressed and placed on the tip of another catheter.
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This catheter will be inserted through your aortic valve.
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When the catheter reaches the opening in your aortic valve, your doctor will inflate a balloon underneath the replacement valve to expand it and the stent.
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After placement of the new aortic valve, your doctor will deflate the balloon.
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The stent will support and secure the replacement valve in place.
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The catheter and guide wire will be removed.
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At the end of the procedure, the introducer sheath in your groin will be removed, and your skin incision will be closed.
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You will have another incision on the other side of your groin, through which instruments were inserted to monitor your heart during the procedure.
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This skin incision will also be closed.
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To find out more about transcatheter aortic valve implantation, talk to your health care practitioner.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This C1 speaking lesson is built on the video “Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: valve, aortic, doctor, catheter, blood. This video has 31 sentences and 505 words to shadow. The speech runs for 3:40. The speaker talks at a steady 138 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. Only 66% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.
Key vocabulary in this video
The 15 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| aortic adjective | /eɪˈɔɹ.tɪk/ | Of or pertaining to the aorta or the aortic valve. |
| catheter noun | /ˈkæθɪtɚ/ | A small tube inserted into a body cavity to administer a drug, create an opening, distend a passageway, or remove fluid. |
| ventricle noun | /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/ | One of two lower chambers of the heart. |
| incision noun | /ɪnˈsɪʒən/ | A cut, especially one made by a scalpel or similar medical tool in the context of surgical operation; the scar resulting from such a cut. |
| leaflet noun | /ˈliːflɪt/ | One of the components of a compound leaf. |
| balloon noun | /bəˈlun/ | An inflatable buoyant object, often (but not necessarily) round and flexible. |
| insert verb | /ɪnˈsɝt/ | To put in between or into. |
| aorta noun | /eɪˈɔɹtə/ | The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system. |
| femoral adjective | /ˈfɛ.mə.ɹəl/ | Of, pertaining to, or near the femur or thigh. |
| groin noun | /ˈɡɹoɪ̯n/ ~ /ˈɡɹɔɪ̯n/ | The crease or depression of the human body at the junction of the trunk and the thigh, together with the surrounding region. |
| sheath noun | /ʃiθ/ | A holster for a sword; a scabbard. |
| stent noun | /stɛnt/ | A slender tube inserted into a blood vessel, a ureter or the oesophagus in order to provide support and to prevent disease-induced closure. |
| transcatheter adjective | Taking place through a catheter. | |
| artery noun | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | Any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its… |
| deflate verb | /diːˈfleɪt/ | To remove air or some other gas from within an elastic container, e.g. a balloon or tyre. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| find out verb | To discover, as by asking or investigating. | |
| make up verb | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | To constitute, to compose. |
| pass through verb | To go through, to travel through, to transit or lie across a place or from one place to another. | |
| push through verb | To force (legislation or a plan) to be passed or agreed to or a decision to be reached. |
Pronunciation to watch
- The “th” sounds: catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/, sheath /ʃiθ/, thicken /ˈθɪkən/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/, sheath /ʃiθ/, implantation /ɪmplɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, mesh /mɛʃ/
- Long words — get the stress right: implantation /ɪmplɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like aortic, catheter, ventricle.
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.