跟读练习: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) - 通过视频学习英语口语
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31 句
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If you have a severe problem with the aortic valve in your heart, your doctor may recommend a transcatheter aortic valve implantation, or TAVI.
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It's also known as transcatheter aortic valve replacement, or TAVR.
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Your aortic valve is one of the four valves in your heart.
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It lies between your left ventricle, or lower left chamber, and the large blood vessel supplying oxygen -rich blood to your body called the aorta.
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When your left ventricle contracts during each heartbeat, it pushes blood through three flexible cup -like leaflets that make up your aortic valve.
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When your left ventricle relaxes, your aortic valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into your left ventricle.
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As you get older, your aortic valve may develop deposits of calcium that cause your leaflets to get thicker and less flexible.
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In this condition, your leaflets may not open fully.
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This condition, called calcific aortic valve stenosis, creates a narrowed opening that reduces the amount of blood flowing into your aorta and out to your body.
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As a result, the wall of your left ventricle thickens
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because it has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve opening.
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At the beginning of your procedure, your doctor will make a small incision in your groin.
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After creating an opening in a blood vessel called the femoral artery, your doctor will insert a flexible tube called an introducer sheath.
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Through the sheath, your doctor will insert a flexible guide wire into your femoral artery.
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The guide wire will be passed through your femoral artery, all the way up to your aorta.
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Then the guide wire will be pushed through the opening in your aortic valve and into your left ventricle.
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Your doctor will use the guide wire to pass a flexible tube, called a catheter, through your aortic valve.
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A balloon on the tip of the catheter will be inflated
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to widen the opening in your aortic valve to push the valve leaflets to the sides.
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After deflating the balloon, your doctor will remove the catheter.
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The replacement valve consists of a tissue valve surrounded by a wire mesh called a stent.
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The replacement valve will be compressed and placed on the tip of another catheter.
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This catheter will be inserted through your aortic valve.
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When the catheter reaches the opening in your aortic valve, your doctor will inflate a balloon underneath the replacement valve to expand it and the stent.
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After placement of the new aortic valve, your doctor will deflate the balloon.
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The stent will support and secure the replacement valve in place.
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The catheter and guide wire will be removed.
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At the end of the procedure, the introducer sheath in your groin will be removed, and your skin incision will be closed.
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You will have another incision on the other side of your groin, through which instruments were inserted to monitor your heart during the procedure.
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This skin incision will also be closed.
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To find out more about transcatheter aortic valve implantation, talk to your health care practitioner.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：valve, aortic, doctor, catheter, blood。 这段视频共有 31 个句子、505 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 3:40。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 138 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 66% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| catheter 名词 | /ˈkæθɪtɚ/ | 導管 /导管 |
| ventricle 名词 | /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/ | 心室 |
| leaflet 名词 | /ˈliːflɪt/ | 傳單 /传单 |
| balloon 名词 | /bəˈlun/ | 氣球 /气球 |
| insert 动词 | /ɪnˈsɝt/ | 插入, 插上 |
| aorta 名词 | /eɪˈɔɹtə/ | 主動脈 /主动脉, 大動脈 /大动脉 |
| groin 名词 | /ˈɡɹoɪ̯n/ ~ /ˈɡɹɔɪ̯n/ | 腹股溝 /腹股沟, 鼠蹊 |
| stent 名词 | /stɛnt/ | 支架 |
| artery 名词 | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | 動脈 /动脉 |
| deflate 动词 | /diːˈfleɪt/ | 放气, 放氣 /放气 |
| inflate 动词 | /ɪnˈfleɪt/ | 膨脹 /膨胀 |
| compress 动词 | /ˈkɑmpɹɛs/ | 壓縮 /压缩 |
| stenosis 名词 | /stəˈnoʊ.sɪs/ | 狹窄 /狭窄, 狹窄症 /狭窄症 |
| heartbeat 名词 | /ˈhɑɹtˌbit/ | 心跳 |
| mesh 名词 | /mɛʃ/ | 網孔 /网孔 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| find out 动词 | 找出, 查明 | |
| make up 动词 | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | 組成 /组成 |
需要注意的发音
- “th” 音: catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/, sheath /ʃiθ/, thicken /ˈθɪkən/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/, sheath /ʃiθ/, implantation /ɪmplɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, mesh /mɛʃ/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: implantation /ɪmplɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: aortic /eɪˈɔɹ.tɪk/, leaflet /ˈliːflɪt/, insert /ɪnˈsɝt/, sheath /ʃiθ/, stent /stɛnt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: ventricle /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/, femoral /ˈfɛ.mə.ɹəl/
- /æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/, calcific /kælˈsɪf.ɪk/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, calcium /ˈkælsi.əm/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 catheter, ventricle, leaflet 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。