跟讀練習: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) - 通過影片學習英語口語
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31 句
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If you have a severe problem with the aortic valve in your heart, your doctor may recommend a transcatheter aortic valve implantation, or TAVI.
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It's also known as transcatheter aortic valve replacement, or TAVR.
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Your aortic valve is one of the four valves in your heart.
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It lies between your left ventricle, or lower left chamber, and the large blood vessel supplying oxygen -rich blood to your body called the aorta.
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When your left ventricle contracts during each heartbeat, it pushes blood through three flexible cup -like leaflets that make up your aortic valve.
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When your left ventricle relaxes, your aortic valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into your left ventricle.
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As you get older, your aortic valve may develop deposits of calcium that cause your leaflets to get thicker and less flexible.
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In this condition, your leaflets may not open fully.
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This condition, called calcific aortic valve stenosis, creates a narrowed opening that reduces the amount of blood flowing into your aorta and out to your body.
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As a result, the wall of your left ventricle thickens
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because it has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve opening.
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At the beginning of your procedure, your doctor will make a small incision in your groin.
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After creating an opening in a blood vessel called the femoral artery, your doctor will insert a flexible tube called an introducer sheath.
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Through the sheath, your doctor will insert a flexible guide wire into your femoral artery.
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The guide wire will be passed through your femoral artery, all the way up to your aorta.
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Then the guide wire will be pushed through the opening in your aortic valve and into your left ventricle.
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Your doctor will use the guide wire to pass a flexible tube, called a catheter, through your aortic valve.
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A balloon on the tip of the catheter will be inflated
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to widen the opening in your aortic valve to push the valve leaflets to the sides.
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After deflating the balloon, your doctor will remove the catheter.
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The replacement valve consists of a tissue valve surrounded by a wire mesh called a stent.
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The replacement valve will be compressed and placed on the tip of another catheter.
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This catheter will be inserted through your aortic valve.
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When the catheter reaches the opening in your aortic valve, your doctor will inflate a balloon underneath the replacement valve to expand it and the stent.
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After placement of the new aortic valve, your doctor will deflate the balloon.
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The stent will support and secure the replacement valve in place.
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The catheter and guide wire will be removed.
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At the end of the procedure, the introducer sheath in your groin will be removed, and your skin incision will be closed.
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You will have another incision on the other side of your groin, through which instruments were inserted to monitor your heart during the procedure.
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This skin incision will also be closed.
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To find out more about transcatheter aortic valve implantation, talk to your health care practitioner.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：valve, aortic, doctor, catheter, blood。 這段影片共有 31 個句子、505 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 3:40。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 138 個詞，很適合跟讀。 只有 66% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| catheter 名詞 | /ˈkæθɪtɚ/ | 導管 /導管 |
| ventricle 名詞 | /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/ | 心室 |
| leaflet 名詞 | /ˈliːflɪt/ | 傳單 /傳單 |
| balloon 名詞 | /bəˈlun/ | 氣球 /氣球 |
| insert 動詞 | /ɪnˈsɝt/ | 插入, 插上 |
| aorta 名詞 | /eɪˈɔɹtə/ | 主動脈 /主動脈, 大動脈 /大動脈 |
| groin 名詞 | /ˈɡɹoɪ̯n/ ~ /ˈɡɹɔɪ̯n/ | 腹股溝 /腹股溝, 鼠蹊 |
| stent 名詞 | /stɛnt/ | 支架 |
| artery 名詞 | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | 動脈 /動脈 |
| deflate 動詞 | /diːˈfleɪt/ | 放氣, 放氣 /放氣 |
| inflate 動詞 | /ɪnˈfleɪt/ | 膨脹 /膨脹 |
| compress 動詞 | /ˈkɑmpɹɛs/ | 壓縮 /壓縮 |
| stenosis 名詞 | /stəˈnoʊ.sɪs/ | 狹窄 /狹窄, 狹窄症 /狹窄症 |
| heartbeat 名詞 | /ˈhɑɹtˌbit/ | 心跳 |
| mesh 名詞 | /mɛʃ/ | 網孔 /網孔 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| find out 動詞 | 找出, 查明 | |
| make up 動詞 | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | 組成 /組成 |
需要注意的發音
- “th” 音: catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/, sheath /ʃiθ/, thicken /ˈθɪkən/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/, sheath /ʃiθ/, implantation /ɪmplɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, mesh /mɛʃ/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: implantation /ɪmplɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: aortic /eɪˈɔɹ.tɪk/, leaflet /ˈliːflɪt/, insert /ɪnˈsɝt/, sheath /ʃiθ/, stent /stɛnt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: ventricle /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/, femoral /ˈfɛ.mə.ɹəl/
- /æ/ — 嘴張大，不要讀成 /e/: catheter /ˈkæθɪtɚ/, calcific /kælˈsɪf.ɪk/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, calcium /ˈkælsi.əm/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 catheter, ventricle, leaflet 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。