跟讀練習: A1C Test for Measuring Blood Sugar Levels - 通過影片學習英語口語
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46 句
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An A1c test is a blood test that can be used to estimate the average amount of glucose, or sugar, in your blood over the past three months.
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Other names for this test are HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin, and glycosylated hemoglobin.
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This test is often used to screen for or manage diabetes and prediabetes, conditions that can happen when your blood sugar is too high.
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In order to understand how the test works, it's important to know about red blood cells and how your blood sugar affects them.
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Most of the cells in your blood are called red blood cells.
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They are made in your bone marrow, which is the tissue in the center of your bones.
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From there, they travel to your lungs, where they pick up oxygen from the air you breathe in.
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This happens in tiny air sacs in your lungs, called alveoli.
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Here, oxygen attaches to proteins inside your red blood cells, called hemoglobin.
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Your red blood cells then deliver the oxygen to tissues throughout your body.
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After about three months, red blood cells wear out.
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As the worn-out cells pass through your liver and spleen, other types of blood cells,
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called macrophages, destroy them and remove them from your blood.
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Glucose in your blood can affect your red blood cells.
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After you eat, your body breaks down food into glucose and releases it into your blood.
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Your tissue cells take the glucose out of your blood and use it as their main source of energy.
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It's normal for some of the glucose in your blood to stick to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells.
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This process is called glycosylation.
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If your tissue cells aren't able to use the glucose, it can build up in the blood.
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This is called hyperglycemia.
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If you have high blood glucose, more of the hemoglobin in your red blood cells will have glucose stuck to it.
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An A1c test shows the percentage of red blood cells that have glucose attached to them.
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If your A1c numbers are higher, it means that your red blood cells were exposed to higher levels of blood glucose in the previous three months.
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The test shows results from this time period because glucose can only stick to hemoglobin while your red blood cells are alive,
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and they live for about three months.
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Higher than normal average blood glucose can mean you have diabetes.
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Your health care practitioner may recommend you get an A1c test if you are over 45 years old,
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are under 45 and have one or more risk factors for diabetes, or you had diabetes during pregnancy called gestational diabetes.
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During an A1c test, a healthcare professional, called a phlebotomist, will take a sample of blood from a vein in your arm
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or from one of your fingers using a small needle.
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At the lab, your blood sample will be tested to measure the amount of red blood cells
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that have glucose sticking to the hemoglobin in them.
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Your A1c numbers, which show the percentage of glucose-attached red blood cells, can be used to estimate your average blood glucose during the past three months.
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Your A1c test result may include a chart that shows estimated average blood glucose range based on A1c numbers.
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A normal A1c result means your blood sugar level is in the non-diabetic range.
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Or an A1c result may be considered normal for you, even if your blood sugar is slightly outside the non-diabetic range.
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This may happen because of your age or medical conditions you have, such as diabetes.
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An abnormally high A1c test result means your blood sugar has been too high over the past three months.
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You may be diagnosed with prediabetes or diabetes if you haven't already been told you have it.
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Or, if you're living with diabetes, an abnormal result means your blood sugar is not well controlled.
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If your A1C result stays high, your healthcare practitioner will talk to you about how to manage your blood sugar.
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People with diabetes will need to have an A1C test at least twice a year.
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People with prediabetes will need to be tested every year or two, or as often as your healthcare practitioner recommends.
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If your A1C is normal but you had gestational diabetes, or you have risk factors for diabetes, then you will need the test every three years.
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To find out more about the A1C test, talk to your health care practitioner.
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Thank you.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“A1C Test for Measuring Blood Sugar Levels”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：blood, cells, glucose, test, diabetes。 這段影片共有 46 個句子、758 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 5:12。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 146 個詞，很適合跟讀。 82% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 13 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| hemoglobin 名詞 | /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/ | 血紅素 /血紅素 |
| prediabetes 名詞 | 前驅糖尿病 /前驅糖尿病, 糖尿病前期 | |
| attach 動詞 | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | 附上, 附 |
| alveolus 名詞 | /ælˈvi.əl.əs/ | 肺泡 |
| diagnose 動詞 | /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ | 診斷 /診斷 |
| hyperglycemia 名詞 | 高血糖 | |
| macrophage 名詞 | /ˈmækɹɔʊː.feɪd͡ʒ/ | 巨噬細胞 /巨噬細胞 |
| spleen 名詞 | /spliːn/ | 脾臟 /脾臟 |
| marrow 名詞 | /ˈmæɹəʊ/ | 髓, 骨髓 |
| abnormal 形容詞 | /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ | 異常 /異常 |
| vein 名詞 | /veɪn/ | 靜脈 /靜脈 |
| needle 名詞 | /ˈniː.dəl/ | җын, 針 /針 |
| expose 動詞 | /ɪkˈspoʊz/ | 揭露, 暴露 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| break down 動詞 | 壞了 /壞了, 出故障 |
| find out 動詞 | 找出, 查明 |
| pick up 動詞 | 拾取, 撿 /撿 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | are called · are made · is called |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has been · haven't already been told |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 3 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 aren't, haven't, you're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, glycosylation /ˌɡlaɪ.koʊ.səˈleɪ.ʃən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, alveolus /ælˈvi.əl.əs/, glycosylation /ˌɡlaɪ.koʊ.səˈleɪ.ʃən/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: alveolus /ælˈvi.əl.əs/, vein /veɪn/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: glucose /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, diabetic /daɪəˈbɛtɪk/, alveolus /ælˈvi.əl.əs/, diagnose /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 hemoglobin, prediabetes, attach 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。