シャドーイング練習: A1C Test for Measuring Blood Sugar Levels - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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An A1c test is a blood test that can be used to estimate the average amount of glucose, or sugar, in your blood over the past three months.
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Other names for this test are HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin, and glycosylated hemoglobin.
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This test is often used to screen for or manage diabetes and prediabetes, conditions that can happen when your blood sugar is too high.
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In order to understand how the test works, it's important to know about red blood cells and how your blood sugar affects them.
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Most of the cells in your blood are called red blood cells.
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They are made in your bone marrow, which is the tissue in the center of your bones.
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From there, they travel to your lungs, where they pick up oxygen from the air you breathe in.
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This happens in tiny air sacs in your lungs, called alveoli.
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Here, oxygen attaches to proteins inside your red blood cells, called hemoglobin.
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Your red blood cells then deliver the oxygen to tissues throughout your body.
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After about three months, red blood cells wear out.
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As the worn-out cells pass through your liver and spleen, other types of blood cells,
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called macrophages, destroy them and remove them from your blood.
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Glucose in your blood can affect your red blood cells.
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After you eat, your body breaks down food into glucose and releases it into your blood.
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Your tissue cells take the glucose out of your blood and use it as their main source of energy.
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It's normal for some of the glucose in your blood to stick to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells.
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This process is called glycosylation.
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If your tissue cells aren't able to use the glucose, it can build up in the blood.
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This is called hyperglycemia.
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If you have high blood glucose, more of the hemoglobin in your red blood cells will have glucose stuck to it.
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An A1c test shows the percentage of red blood cells that have glucose attached to them.
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If your A1c numbers are higher, it means that your red blood cells were exposed to higher levels of blood glucose in the previous three months.
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The test shows results from this time period because glucose can only stick to hemoglobin while your red blood cells are alive,
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and they live for about three months.
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Higher than normal average blood glucose can mean you have diabetes.
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Your health care practitioner may recommend you get an A1c test if you are over 45 years old,
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are under 45 and have one or more risk factors for diabetes, or you had diabetes during pregnancy called gestational diabetes.
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During an A1c test, a healthcare professional, called a phlebotomist, will take a sample of blood from a vein in your arm
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or from one of your fingers using a small needle.
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At the lab, your blood sample will be tested to measure the amount of red blood cells
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that have glucose sticking to the hemoglobin in them.
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Your A1c numbers, which show the percentage of glucose-attached red blood cells, can be used to estimate your average blood glucose during the past three months.
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Your A1c test result may include a chart that shows estimated average blood glucose range based on A1c numbers.
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A normal A1c result means your blood sugar level is in the non-diabetic range.
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Or an A1c result may be considered normal for you, even if your blood sugar is slightly outside the non-diabetic range.
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This may happen because of your age or medical conditions you have, such as diabetes.
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An abnormally high A1c test result means your blood sugar has been too high over the past three months.
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You may be diagnosed with prediabetes or diabetes if you haven't already been told you have it.
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Or, if you're living with diabetes, an abnormal result means your blood sugar is not well controlled.
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If your A1C result stays high, your healthcare practitioner will talk to you about how to manage your blood sugar.
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People with diabetes will need to have an A1C test at least twice a year.
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People with prediabetes will need to be tested every year or two, or as often as your healthcare practitioner recommends.
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If your A1C is normal but you had gestational diabetes, or you have risk factors for diabetes, then you will need the test every three years.
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To find out more about the A1C test, talk to your health care practitioner.
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Thank you.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「A1C Test for Measuring Blood Sugar Levels」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：blood, cells, glucose, test, diabetes。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が46文、単語が758語あります。 音声の長さは5:12です。 話す速さは1分あたり約146語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 単語の82%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語14語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| glucose 名詞 | /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/ | ブドウ糖, 葡萄糖 |
| hemoglobin 名詞 | /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/ | ヘモグロビン, 血色素 |
| attach 動詞 | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | 付ける, 添付する |
| abnormally 副詞 | /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/ | 異常に |
| alveolus 名詞 | /ælˈvi.əl.əs/ | 肺胞 |
| diagnose 動詞 | /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ | 診断する |
| hyperglycemia 名詞 | 高血糖症 | |
| macrophage 名詞 | /ˈmækɹɔʊː.feɪd͡ʒ/ | マクロファージ |
| spleen 名詞 | /spliːn/ | 脾臓 |
| marrow 名詞 | /ˈmæɹəʊ/ | 骨髄 |
| abnormal 形容詞 | /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ | 不自然, 異常 |
| vein 名詞 | /veɪn/ | 静脈 |
| needle 名詞 | /ˈniː.dəl/ | 針 |
| expose 動詞 | /ɪkˈspoʊz/ | 晒す, 暴く |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| wear out 動詞 | 擦り減らす |
| find out 動詞 | 見出す, 調べる |
| pick up 動詞 | 拾う, 拾い上げる |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | are called · are made · is called |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | has been · haven't already been told |
注意したい発音
話し手はaren't, haven't, you'reなど、短縮形や弱形を3回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, glycosylation /ˌɡlaɪ.koʊ.səˈleɪ.ʃən/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, alveolus /ælˈvi.əl.əs/, glycosylation /ˌɡlaɪ.koʊ.səˈleɪ.ʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: alveolus /ælˈvi.əl.əs/, vein /veɪn/
- 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: glucose /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, glycosylation /ˌɡlaɪ.koʊ.səˈleɪ.ʃən/, spleen /spliːn/, abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。glucose, hemoglobin, attachなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。