シャドーイング練習: What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean | Pharmacist Explains - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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But in this video, we will discuss what the A1C test is, why it's called hemoglobin A1C,
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why it is important, and what lesser known factors can raise a person's A1C.
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I will also explain how this test is different from your EAG, or estimated average blood glucose,
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and how you can calculate that on your own using a very simple tool.
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The hemoglobin A1c test is a relatively simple blood test
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that tells you a lot about your blood glucose or blood sugar control for the past two to three months.
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So what does hemoglobin A1c mean anyways?
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Hemoglobin is a protein that is found in your red blood cells.
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In fact, the healthy adult human body makes about 2 million new red blood cells every second
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and that requires a lot of hemoglobin.
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Now, there are various types of hemoglobin, with Hgba1 being the most common,
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making up about 98% of Hgba.
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The A in Hgba stands for adult, and after about 6 months of age, nearly all hemoglobin is type A.
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Type A1 has subtypes, A1A, A1B, A1C, and others, with A1C being the most prevalent.
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Hemoglobin A1C, or HGBA1C, is significant because it is hemoglobin with sugar attached to it.
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The hemoglobin on your red blood cells has the job of
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carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
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Glucose also enters your red blood cells and links up or glycates with molecules of hemoglobin.
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The more glucose in your blood, the more hemoglobin gets glycated.
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When hemoglobin is glycated, it stays that way until the red blood cell dies, which has an average lifespan of three to four months.
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Therefore, your A1C level indicates your average glucose levels over the last few months, making it an excellent marker for glucose control.
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There are some instances, however, in which this test may be somewhat misleading.
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For instance, if you have experienced recent blood loss, you will have a lot of new red blood cells that have had less exposure to glucose.
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So your A1c may be lower, as a higher percentage of hemoglobin may not yet be glycated.
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Or, if you have anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia, you usually have less hemoglobin, and because there is less hemoglobin,
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it is likely that the hemoglobin you do have may be heavily glycated, thus leading to a higher A1c result.
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Finally, those with kidney disease may also have a higher A1c than it really is because of anemia and other factors.
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Kidney disease can also read falsely low because blood cells aren't lasting long enough to become glycated in people with kidney disease.
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This is important because people with diabetes can often have kidney disease as well.
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So regardless of whether you are pre-diabetic or have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or whether you are perfectly healthy, when we think of the hemoglobin A1c test,
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we understand that by measuring the percentage of A1c in the blood, we get an overview of your average blood glucose control for the past few months.
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Now, the American Diabetes Association suggests that your doctor should measure your A1C level at least twice a year.
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So what should your numbers be?
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When it comes to numbers, there's no one-size-fits-all target.
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The goal for most adults with diabetes is an A1C that is less than 7%.
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According to the American and Diabetes Association, if your A1C level is between 5.7 and less than 6.5%,
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your levels have been in the pre-diabetes range.
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If you have an A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher, your levels are in the diabetes range.
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A1C target levels can vary by each person's age and other factors, and your target may be different from someone else's.
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Another important term that you may come across when finding out your A1C is EAG, or estimated average glucose.
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EAG is similar to what you see when monitoring your blood glucose at home on your meter.
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However, because you are more likely to check your blood glucose in the morning and before meals, your meter readings will likely be lower than your EAG.
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I will include a link to a calculator you can use
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to convert your A1C to an estimated average blood glucose number in the description of this video.
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Now remember that your A1C target is your own.
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You are unique and you need advice based on your own set of circumstances.
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A1C targets often change over time, sometimes decreasing and sometimes increasing.
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It all depends on the person and on the particular circumstances of that person.
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If you have found this information helpful, leave a comment and be sure to like and subscribe for more videos
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that help you better understand and advocate for your health.
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Thank you for joining me take care and stay healthy bye
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：hemoglobin, blood, glucose, cell, diabetes。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が51文、単語が826語あります。 音声の長さは5:12です。 話す速さは1分あたり約159語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は79%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| hemoglobin 名詞 | /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/ | ヘモグロビン, 血色素 |
| glucose 名詞 | /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/ | ブドウ糖, 葡萄糖 |
| diabetes 名詞 | /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ | 糖尿病 |
| kidney 名詞 | /ˈkɪdni/ | 腎臓 |
| anemia 名詞 | /əˈnimi.ə/ | 貧血, 貧血症 |
| circumstance 名詞 | /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/ | 状況, 事情 |
| metre 名詞 | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | メートル, ㍍ |
| calculator 名詞 | /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/ | 電卓, 計算機 |
| falsely 副詞 | 不誠実に | |
| molecule 名詞 | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | 分子 |
| attach 動詞 | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | 付ける, 添付する |
| prevalent 形容詞 | /ˈpɹɛvələnt/ | 繁栄する |
| calculate 動詞 | /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ | 計算する |
| subscribe 動詞 | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | 購読する |
| lung 名詞 | /ˈlʌŋ/ | 肺臓, 肺 |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| find out 動詞 | 見出す, 調べる |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have experienced · have been · have found |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | is found · is glycated · be glycated |
注意したい発音
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, anemia /əˈnimi.ə/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: prevalent /ˈpɹɛvələnt/, overview /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/, convert /kənˈvɝt/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: lifespan /ˈlaɪf.spæn/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/
- 子音の連続 — 間に母音を入れない: glucose /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/, circumstance /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, lifespan /ˈlaɪf.spæn/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, prevalent /ˈpɹɛvələnt/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。hemoglobin, glucose, diabetesなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。