Prática de Shadowing: What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean | Pharmacist Explains - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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But in this video, we will discuss what the A1C test is, why it's called hemoglobin A1C,
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why it is important, and what lesser known factors can raise a person's A1C.
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I will also explain how this test is different from your EAG, or estimated average blood glucose,
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and how you can calculate that on your own using a very simple tool.
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The hemoglobin A1c test is a relatively simple blood test
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that tells you a lot about your blood glucose or blood sugar control for the past two to three months.
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So what does hemoglobin A1c mean anyways?
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Hemoglobin is a protein that is found in your red blood cells.
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In fact, the healthy adult human body makes about 2 million new red blood cells every second
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and that requires a lot of hemoglobin.
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Now, there are various types of hemoglobin, with Hgba1 being the most common,
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making up about 98% of Hgba.
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The A in Hgba stands for adult, and after about 6 months of age, nearly all hemoglobin is type A.
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Type A1 has subtypes, A1A, A1B, A1C, and others, with A1C being the most prevalent.
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Hemoglobin A1C, or HGBA1C, is significant because it is hemoglobin with sugar attached to it.
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The hemoglobin on your red blood cells has the job of
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carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
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Glucose also enters your red blood cells and links up or glycates with molecules of hemoglobin.
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The more glucose in your blood, the more hemoglobin gets glycated.
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When hemoglobin is glycated, it stays that way until the red blood cell dies, which has an average lifespan of three to four months.
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Therefore, your A1C level indicates your average glucose levels over the last few months, making it an excellent marker for glucose control.
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There are some instances, however, in which this test may be somewhat misleading.
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For instance, if you have experienced recent blood loss, you will have a lot of new red blood cells that have had less exposure to glucose.
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So your A1c may be lower, as a higher percentage of hemoglobin may not yet be glycated.
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Or, if you have anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia, you usually have less hemoglobin, and because there is less hemoglobin,
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it is likely that the hemoglobin you do have may be heavily glycated, thus leading to a higher A1c result.
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Finally, those with kidney disease may also have a higher A1c than it really is because of anemia and other factors.
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Kidney disease can also read falsely low because blood cells aren't lasting long enough to become glycated in people with kidney disease.
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This is important because people with diabetes can often have kidney disease as well.
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So regardless of whether you are pre-diabetic or have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or whether you are perfectly healthy, when we think of the hemoglobin A1c test,
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we understand that by measuring the percentage of A1c in the blood, we get an overview of your average blood glucose control for the past few months.
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Now, the American Diabetes Association suggests that your doctor should measure your A1C level at least twice a year.
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So what should your numbers be?
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When it comes to numbers, there's no one-size-fits-all target.
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The goal for most adults with diabetes is an A1C that is less than 7%.
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According to the American and Diabetes Association, if your A1C level is between 5.7 and less than 6.5%,
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your levels have been in the pre-diabetes range.
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If you have an A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher, your levels are in the diabetes range.
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A1C target levels can vary by each person's age and other factors, and your target may be different from someone else's.
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Another important term that you may come across when finding out your A1C is EAG, or estimated average glucose.
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EAG is similar to what you see when monitoring your blood glucose at home on your meter.
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However, because you are more likely to check your blood glucose in the morning and before meals, your meter readings will likely be lower than your EAG.
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I will include a link to a calculator you can use
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to convert your A1C to an estimated average blood glucose number in the description of this video.
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Now remember that your A1C target is your own.
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You are unique and you need advice based on your own set of circumstances.
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A1C targets often change over time, sometimes decreasing and sometimes increasing.
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It all depends on the person and on the particular circumstances of that person.
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If you have found this information helpful, leave a comment and be sure to like and subscribe for more videos
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that help you better understand and advocate for your health.
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Thank you for joining me take care and stay healthy bye
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean”. As palavras que mais se repetem: hemoglobin, blood, glucose, cell, diabetes. Este vídeo tem 51 frases e 826 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 5:12. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 159 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 79% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| hemoglobin substantivo | /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/ | hemoglobina |
| glucose substantivo | /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/ | glicose, glucose |
| diabetes substantivo | /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ | diabetes, diabete |
| kidney substantivo | /ˈkɪdni/ | rim |
| anemia substantivo | /əˈnimi.ə/ | anemia |
| circumstance substantivo | /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/ | circunstância |
| metre substantivo | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | metro |
| diabetic adjetivo | /daɪəˈbɛtɪk/ | diabético |
| mislead verbo | /mɪsˈliːd/ | desencaminhar |
| calculator substantivo | /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/ | calculadora |
| falsely advérbio | falsamente | |
| deficiency substantivo | /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/ | carência, deficiência |
| molecule substantivo | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | molécula |
| attach verbo | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | anexar |
| prevalent adjetivo | /ˈpɹɛvələnt/ | predominante |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| find out verbo | descobrir |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have experienced · have been · have found |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is found · is glycated · be glycated |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, anemia /əˈnimi.ə/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: diabetic /daɪəˈbɛtɪk/, mislead /mɪsˈliːd/, prevalent /ˈpɹɛvələnt/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como hemoglobin, glucose, diabetes.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.