跟讀練習: What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean | Pharmacist Explains - 通過影片學習英語口語
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But in this video, we will discuss what the A1C test is, why it's called hemoglobin A1C,
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why it is important, and what lesser known factors can raise a person's A1C.
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I will also explain how this test is different from your EAG, or estimated average blood glucose,
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and how you can calculate that on your own using a very simple tool.
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The hemoglobin A1c test is a relatively simple blood test
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that tells you a lot about your blood glucose or blood sugar control for the past two to three months.
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So what does hemoglobin A1c mean anyways?
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Hemoglobin is a protein that is found in your red blood cells.
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In fact, the healthy adult human body makes about 2 million new red blood cells every second
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and that requires a lot of hemoglobin.
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Now, there are various types of hemoglobin, with Hgba1 being the most common,
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making up about 98% of Hgba.
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The A in Hgba stands for adult, and after about 6 months of age, nearly all hemoglobin is type A.
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Type A1 has subtypes, A1A, A1B, A1C, and others, with A1C being the most prevalent.
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Hemoglobin A1C, or HGBA1C, is significant because it is hemoglobin with sugar attached to it.
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The hemoglobin on your red blood cells has the job of
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carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
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Glucose also enters your red blood cells and links up or glycates with molecules of hemoglobin.
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The more glucose in your blood, the more hemoglobin gets glycated.
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When hemoglobin is glycated, it stays that way until the red blood cell dies, which has an average lifespan of three to four months.
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Therefore, your A1C level indicates your average glucose levels over the last few months, making it an excellent marker for glucose control.
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There are some instances, however, in which this test may be somewhat misleading.
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For instance, if you have experienced recent blood loss, you will have a lot of new red blood cells that have had less exposure to glucose.
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So your A1c may be lower, as a higher percentage of hemoglobin may not yet be glycated.
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Or, if you have anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia, you usually have less hemoglobin, and because there is less hemoglobin,
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it is likely that the hemoglobin you do have may be heavily glycated, thus leading to a higher A1c result.
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Finally, those with kidney disease may also have a higher A1c than it really is because of anemia and other factors.
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Kidney disease can also read falsely low because blood cells aren't lasting long enough to become glycated in people with kidney disease.
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This is important because people with diabetes can often have kidney disease as well.
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So regardless of whether you are pre-diabetic or have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or whether you are perfectly healthy, when we think of the hemoglobin A1c test,
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we understand that by measuring the percentage of A1c in the blood, we get an overview of your average blood glucose control for the past few months.
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Now, the American Diabetes Association suggests that your doctor should measure your A1C level at least twice a year.
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So what should your numbers be?
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When it comes to numbers, there's no one-size-fits-all target.
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The goal for most adults with diabetes is an A1C that is less than 7%.
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According to the American and Diabetes Association, if your A1C level is between 5.7 and less than 6.5%,
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your levels have been in the pre-diabetes range.
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If you have an A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher, your levels are in the diabetes range.
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A1C target levels can vary by each person's age and other factors, and your target may be different from someone else's.
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Another important term that you may come across when finding out your A1C is EAG, or estimated average glucose.
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EAG is similar to what you see when monitoring your blood glucose at home on your meter.
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However, because you are more likely to check your blood glucose in the morning and before meals, your meter readings will likely be lower than your EAG.
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I will include a link to a calculator you can use
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to convert your A1C to an estimated average blood glucose number in the description of this video.
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Now remember that your A1C target is your own.
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You are unique and you need advice based on your own set of circumstances.
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A1C targets often change over time, sometimes decreasing and sometimes increasing.
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It all depends on the person and on the particular circumstances of that person.
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If you have found this information helpful, leave a comment and be sure to like and subscribe for more videos
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that help you better understand and advocate for your health.
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Thank you for joining me take care and stay healthy bye
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：hemoglobin, blood, glucose, cell, diabetes。 這段影片共有 51 個句子、826 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 5:12。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 159 個詞，接近日常對話。 只有 79% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| hemoglobin 名詞 | /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/ | 血紅素 /血紅素 |
| diabetes 名詞 | /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ | 糖尿病 |
| kidney 名詞 | /ˈkɪdni/ | 腎臟 /腎臟, 腎 /腎 |
| anemia 名詞 | /əˈnimi.ə/ | 貧血 /貧血 |
| circumstance 名詞 | /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/ | 情況 /情況, 狀態 /狀態 |
| metre 名詞 | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | 米, 公尺 |
| lifespan 名詞 | /ˈlaɪf.spæn/ | 壽命 /壽命 |
| mislead 動詞 | /mɪsˈliːd/ | 誤導 /誤導 |
| calculator 名詞 | /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/ | 計算器 /計算器, 電子計算器 /電子計算器 |
| falsely 副詞 | 不正確的 /不正確的 | |
| deficiency 名詞 | /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/ | 不足之處 /不足之處 |
| molecule 名詞 | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | 分子 |
| attach 動詞 | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | 附上, 附 |
| prevalent 形容詞 | /ˈpɹɛvələnt/ | 廣泛 /廣泛, 流行 |
| calculate 動詞 | /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ | 計算 /計算, 算 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| find out 動詞 | 找出, 查明 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have experienced · have been · have found |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | is found · is glycated · be glycated |
需要注意的發音
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, anemia /əˈnimi.ə/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: prevalent /ˈpɹɛvələnt/, overview /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/, convert /kənˈvɝt/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: glucose /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/, diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, circumstance /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, diabetic /daɪəˈbɛtɪk/, mislead /mɪsˈliːd/
- /æ/ — 嘴張大，不要讀成 /e/: circumstance /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, lifespan /ˈlaɪf.spæn/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 hemoglobin, diabetes, kidney 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。