Pratica di Shadowing: What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean | Pharmacist Explains - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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But in this video, we will discuss what the A1C test is, why it's called hemoglobin A1C,
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why it is important, and what lesser known factors can raise a person's A1C.
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I will also explain how this test is different from your EAG, or estimated average blood glucose,
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and how you can calculate that on your own using a very simple tool.
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The hemoglobin A1c test is a relatively simple blood test
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that tells you a lot about your blood glucose or blood sugar control for the past two to three months.
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So what does hemoglobin A1c mean anyways?
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Hemoglobin is a protein that is found in your red blood cells.
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In fact, the healthy adult human body makes about 2 million new red blood cells every second
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and that requires a lot of hemoglobin.
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Now, there are various types of hemoglobin, with Hgba1 being the most common,
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making up about 98% of Hgba.
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The A in Hgba stands for adult, and after about 6 months of age, nearly all hemoglobin is type A.
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Type A1 has subtypes, A1A, A1B, A1C, and others, with A1C being the most prevalent.
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Hemoglobin A1C, or HGBA1C, is significant because it is hemoglobin with sugar attached to it.
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The hemoglobin on your red blood cells has the job of
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carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
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Glucose also enters your red blood cells and links up or glycates with molecules of hemoglobin.
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The more glucose in your blood, the more hemoglobin gets glycated.
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When hemoglobin is glycated, it stays that way until the red blood cell dies, which has an average lifespan of three to four months.
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Therefore, your A1C level indicates your average glucose levels over the last few months, making it an excellent marker for glucose control.
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There are some instances, however, in which this test may be somewhat misleading.
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For instance, if you have experienced recent blood loss, you will have a lot of new red blood cells that have had less exposure to glucose.
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So your A1c may be lower, as a higher percentage of hemoglobin may not yet be glycated.
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Or, if you have anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia, you usually have less hemoglobin, and because there is less hemoglobin,
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it is likely that the hemoglobin you do have may be heavily glycated, thus leading to a higher A1c result.
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Finally, those with kidney disease may also have a higher A1c than it really is because of anemia and other factors.
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Kidney disease can also read falsely low because blood cells aren't lasting long enough to become glycated in people with kidney disease.
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This is important because people with diabetes can often have kidney disease as well.
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So regardless of whether you are pre-diabetic or have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or whether you are perfectly healthy, when we think of the hemoglobin A1c test,
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we understand that by measuring the percentage of A1c in the blood, we get an overview of your average blood glucose control for the past few months.
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Now, the American Diabetes Association suggests that your doctor should measure your A1C level at least twice a year.
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So what should your numbers be?
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When it comes to numbers, there's no one-size-fits-all target.
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The goal for most adults with diabetes is an A1C that is less than 7%.
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According to the American and Diabetes Association, if your A1C level is between 5.7 and less than 6.5%,
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your levels have been in the pre-diabetes range.
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If you have an A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher, your levels are in the diabetes range.
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A1C target levels can vary by each person's age and other factors, and your target may be different from someone else's.
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Another important term that you may come across when finding out your A1C is EAG, or estimated average glucose.
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EAG is similar to what you see when monitoring your blood glucose at home on your meter.
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However, because you are more likely to check your blood glucose in the morning and before meals, your meter readings will likely be lower than your EAG.
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I will include a link to a calculator you can use
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to convert your A1C to an estimated average blood glucose number in the description of this video.
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Now remember that your A1C target is your own.
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You are unique and you need advice based on your own set of circumstances.
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A1C targets often change over time, sometimes decreasing and sometimes increasing.
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It all depends on the person and on the particular circumstances of that person.
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If you have found this information helpful, leave a comment and be sure to like and subscribe for more videos
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that help you better understand and advocate for your health.
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Thank you for joining me take care and stay healthy bye
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello B2 si basa sul video “What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: hemoglobin, blood, glucose, cell, diabetes. Questo video contiene 51 frasi e 826 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:12. Chi parla ha un ritmo naturale di circa 159 parole al minuto, vicino a una conversazione quotidiana. Solo il 79% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| hemoglobin sostantivo | /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/ | emoglobina |
| glucose sostantivo | /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/ | glucosio |
| diabetes sostantivo | /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ | diabete |
| kidney sostantivo | /ˈkɪdni/ | rene |
| anemia sostantivo | /əˈnimi.ə/ | anemia |
| circumstance sostantivo | /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/ | circostanza |
| metre sostantivo | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | metro |
| diabetic aggettivo | /daɪəˈbɛtɪk/ | diabetico |
| mislead verbo | /mɪsˈliːd/ | portare sulla cattiva strada, sviare |
| calculator sostantivo | /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/ | calcolatrice |
| falsely avverbio | falsamente | |
| deficiency sostantivo | /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/ | deficienza |
| molecule sostantivo | /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ | molecola |
| attach verbo | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | legare, appiccare |
| prevalent aggettivo | /ˈpɹɛvələnt/ | imminente, incalzante |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| come across verbo | dare l'impressione, avere l'aria |
| find out verbo | scoprire |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | have experienced · have been · have found |
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | is found · is glycated · be glycated |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, anemia /əˈnimi.ə/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: glucose /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/, diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, circumstance /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, diabetic /daɪəˈbɛtɪk/, mislead /mɪsˈliːd/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: circumstance /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, lifespan /ˈlaɪf.spæn/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Inizia a velocità 0,75×, fai shadowing frase per frase e torna alla velocità normale quando diventa facile.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come hemoglobin, glucose, diabetes.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.