Shadowing Practice: What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean | Pharmacist Explains - Learn English Speaking with Video

But in this video, we will discuss what the A1C test is, why it's called hemoglobin A1C,

why it is important, and what lesser known factors can raise a person's A1C.

I will also explain how this test is different from your EAG, or estimated average blood glucose,

and how you can calculate that on your own using a very simple tool.

The hemoglobin A1c test is a relatively simple blood test

that tells you a lot about your blood glucose or blood sugar control for the past two to three months.

So what does hemoglobin A1c mean anyways?

Hemoglobin is a protein that is found in your red blood cells.

In fact, the healthy adult human body makes about 2 million new red blood cells every second

and that requires a lot of hemoglobin.

Now, there are various types of hemoglobin, with Hgba1 being the most common,

making up about 98% of Hgba.

The A in Hgba stands for adult, and after about 6 months of age, nearly all hemoglobin is type A.

Type A1 has subtypes, A1A, A1B, A1C, and others, with A1C being the most prevalent.

Hemoglobin A1C, or HGBA1C, is significant because it is hemoglobin with sugar attached to it.

The hemoglobin on your red blood cells has the job of

carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.

Glucose also enters your red blood cells and links up or glycates with molecules of hemoglobin.

The more glucose in your blood, the more hemoglobin gets glycated.

When hemoglobin is glycated, it stays that way until the red blood cell dies, which has an average lifespan of three to four months.

Therefore, your A1C level indicates your average glucose levels over the last few months, making it an excellent marker for glucose control.

There are some instances, however, in which this test may be somewhat misleading.

For instance, if you have experienced recent blood loss, you will have a lot of new red blood cells that have had less exposure to glucose.

So your A1c may be lower, as a higher percentage of hemoglobin may not yet be glycated.

Or, if you have anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia, you usually have less hemoglobin, and because there is less hemoglobin,

it is likely that the hemoglobin you do have may be heavily glycated, thus leading to a higher A1c result.

Finally, those with kidney disease may also have a higher A1c than it really is because of anemia and other factors.

Kidney disease can also read falsely low because blood cells aren't lasting long enough to become glycated in people with kidney disease.

This is important because people with diabetes can often have kidney disease as well.

So regardless of whether you are pre-diabetic or have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or whether you are perfectly healthy, when we think of the hemoglobin A1c test,

we understand that by measuring the percentage of A1c in the blood, we get an overview of your average blood glucose control for the past few months.

Now, the American Diabetes Association suggests that your doctor should measure your A1C level at least twice a year.

So what should your numbers be?

When it comes to numbers, there's no one-size-fits-all target.

The goal for most adults with diabetes is an A1C that is less than 7%.

According to the American and Diabetes Association, if your A1C level is between 5.7 and less than 6.5%,

your levels have been in the pre-diabetes range.

If you have an A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher, your levels are in the diabetes range.

A1C target levels can vary by each person's age and other factors, and your target may be different from someone else's.

Another important term that you may come across when finding out your A1C is EAG, or estimated average glucose.

EAG is similar to what you see when monitoring your blood glucose at home on your meter.

However, because you are more likely to check your blood glucose in the morning and before meals, your meter readings will likely be lower than your EAG.

I will include a link to a calculator you can use

to convert your A1C to an estimated average blood glucose number in the description of this video.

Now remember that your A1C target is your own.

You are unique and you need advice based on your own set of circumstances.

A1C targets often change over time, sometimes decreasing and sometimes increasing.

It all depends on the person and on the particular circumstances of that person.

If you have found this information helpful, leave a comment and be sure to like and subscribe for more videos

that help you better understand and advocate for your health.

Thank you for joining me take care and stay healthy bye

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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: hemoglobin, blood, glucose, cell, diabetes. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 51 cümle ve 826 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 5:12 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 159 kelimeyle, günlük konuşmaya yakın doğal bir hızda konuşuyor. Kelimelerin yalnızca %79’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

Kelime	Telaffuz	Anlam
hemoglobin isim	/ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/	hemoglobin
glucose isim	/ˈɡluː.kəʊz/	glikoz, üzüm şekeri
diabetes isim	/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/	diyabet, şeker hastalığı
kidney isim	/ˈkɪdni/	böbrek
anemia isim	/əˈnimi.ə/	kansızlık, anemi
circumstance isim	/ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/	durum, hâl
metre isim	/ˈmiːtəɹ/	metre
lifespan isim	/ˈlaɪf.spæn/	ömür
mislead fiil	/mɪsˈliːd/	ayartmak, saptırmak
calculator isim	/kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/	hesap makinesi
molecule isim	/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/	molekül
prevalent sıfat	/ˈpɹɛvələnt/	her yerde bulunan
calculate fiil	/ˈkælkjʊleɪt/	hesaplamak
subscribe fiil	/səbˈskɹaɪb/	abone olmak
lung isim	/ˈlʌŋ/	akciğer

Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller

Kelime	Anlam
come across fiil	karşıdan karşıya geçmek
find out fiil	anlamak, ortaya çıkarmak

Bu videodaki dil bilgisi

Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:

Yapı	Videoda
Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem	have experienced · have been · have found
Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli	is found · is glycated · be glycated

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, anemia /əˈnimi.ə/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/

Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:

Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: glucose /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/, prevalent /ˈpɹɛvələnt/
/æ/ — “e”den daha açık: circumstance /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, lifespan /ˈlaɪf.spæn/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
0,75× hızla başlayın, cümle cümle tekrar edin ve kolaylaşınca normal hıza dönün.
Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; hemoglobin, glucose, diabetes gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

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