跟读练习: What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean | Pharmacist Explains - 通过视频学习英语口语

But in this video, we will discuss what the A1C test is, why it's called hemoglobin A1C,

why it is important, and what lesser known factors can raise a person's A1C.

I will also explain how this test is different from your EAG, or estimated average blood glucose,

and how you can calculate that on your own using a very simple tool.

The hemoglobin A1c test is a relatively simple blood test

that tells you a lot about your blood glucose or blood sugar control for the past two to three months.

So what does hemoglobin A1c mean anyways?

Hemoglobin is a protein that is found in your red blood cells.

In fact, the healthy adult human body makes about 2 million new red blood cells every second

and that requires a lot of hemoglobin.

Now, there are various types of hemoglobin, with Hgba1 being the most common,

making up about 98% of Hgba.

The A in Hgba stands for adult, and after about 6 months of age, nearly all hemoglobin is type A.

Type A1 has subtypes, A1A, A1B, A1C, and others, with A1C being the most prevalent.

Hemoglobin A1C, or HGBA1C, is significant because it is hemoglobin with sugar attached to it.

The hemoglobin on your red blood cells has the job of

carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.

Glucose also enters your red blood cells and links up or glycates with molecules of hemoglobin.

The more glucose in your blood, the more hemoglobin gets glycated.

When hemoglobin is glycated, it stays that way until the red blood cell dies, which has an average lifespan of three to four months.

Therefore, your A1C level indicates your average glucose levels over the last few months, making it an excellent marker for glucose control.

There are some instances, however, in which this test may be somewhat misleading.

For instance, if you have experienced recent blood loss, you will have a lot of new red blood cells that have had less exposure to glucose.

So your A1c may be lower, as a higher percentage of hemoglobin may not yet be glycated.

Or, if you have anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia, you usually have less hemoglobin, and because there is less hemoglobin,

it is likely that the hemoglobin you do have may be heavily glycated, thus leading to a higher A1c result.

Finally, those with kidney disease may also have a higher A1c than it really is because of anemia and other factors.

Kidney disease can also read falsely low because blood cells aren't lasting long enough to become glycated in people with kidney disease.

This is important because people with diabetes can often have kidney disease as well.

So regardless of whether you are pre-diabetic or have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or whether you are perfectly healthy, when we think of the hemoglobin A1c test,

we understand that by measuring the percentage of A1c in the blood, we get an overview of your average blood glucose control for the past few months.

Now, the American Diabetes Association suggests that your doctor should measure your A1C level at least twice a year.

So what should your numbers be?

When it comes to numbers, there's no one-size-fits-all target.

The goal for most adults with diabetes is an A1C that is less than 7%.

According to the American and Diabetes Association, if your A1C level is between 5.7 and less than 6.5%,

your levels have been in the pre-diabetes range.

If you have an A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher, your levels are in the diabetes range.

A1C target levels can vary by each person's age and other factors, and your target may be different from someone else's.

Another important term that you may come across when finding out your A1C is EAG, or estimated average glucose.

EAG is similar to what you see when monitoring your blood glucose at home on your meter.

However, because you are more likely to check your blood glucose in the morning and before meals, your meter readings will likely be lower than your EAG.

I will include a link to a calculator you can use

to convert your A1C to an estimated average blood glucose number in the description of this video.

Now remember that your A1C target is your own.

You are unique and you need advice based on your own set of circumstances.

A1C targets often change over time, sometimes decreasing and sometimes increasing.

It all depends on the person and on the particular circumstances of that person.

If you have found this information helpful, leave a comment and be sure to like and subscribe for more videos

that help you better understand and advocate for your health.

Thank you for joining me take care and stay healthy bye

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：hemoglobin, blood, glucose, cell, diabetes。这段视频共有 51 个句子、826 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 5:12。说话人语速自然，每分钟约 159 个词，接近日常对话。只有 79% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
hemoglobin 名词	/ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/	血紅蛋白 /血红蛋白
diabetes 名词	/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/	糖尿病
kidney 名词	/ˈkɪdni/	腎臟 /肾脏, 腎 /肾
anemia 名词	/əˈnimi.ə/	貧血 /贫血
circumstance 名词	/ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/	情況 /情况, 狀態 /状态
metre 名词	/ˈmiːtəɹ/	米, 公尺
lifespan 名词	/ˈlaɪf.spæn/	壽命 /寿命
mislead 动词	/mɪsˈliːd/	誤導 /误导
calculator 名词	/kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/	計算器 /计算器, 電子計算器 /电子计算器
falsely 副词		不正確的 /不正确的
deficiency 名词	/dɪˈfɪʃənsi/	不足之處 /不足之处
molecule 名词	/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/	分子
attach 动词	/əˈtæt͡ʃ/	附上, 附
prevalent 形容词	/ˈpɹɛvələnt/	廣泛 /广泛, 流行
calculate 动词	/ˈkælkjʊleɪt/	計算 /计算, 算

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
find out 动词	找出, 查明

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have experienced · have been · have found
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	is found · is glycated · be glycated

需要注意的发音

长单词——注意重音位置: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, anemia /əˈnimi.ə/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: prevalent /ˈpɹɛvələnt/, overview /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/, convert /kənˈvɝt/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: glucose /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/, diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/, circumstance /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, diabetic /daɪəˈbɛtɪk/, mislead /mɪsˈliːd/
/æ/ — 嘴张大，不要读成 /e/: circumstance /ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/, lifespan /ˈlaɪf.spæn/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 hemoglobin, diabetes, kidney 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

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本课的词汇与口语要点

视频中的重点词汇

视频中出现的短语动词

视频中的语法

需要注意的发音

如何用这段视频练习

什么是跟读法？