Pratique du Shadowing: What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean | Pharmacist Explains - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

But in this video, we will discuss what the A1C test is, why it's called hemoglobin A1C,

why it is important, and what lesser known factors can raise a person's A1C.

I will also explain how this test is different from your EAG, or estimated average blood glucose,

and how you can calculate that on your own using a very simple tool.

The hemoglobin A1c test is a relatively simple blood test

that tells you a lot about your blood glucose or blood sugar control for the past two to three months.

So what does hemoglobin A1c mean anyways?

Hemoglobin is a protein that is found in your red blood cells.

In fact, the healthy adult human body makes about 2 million new red blood cells every second

and that requires a lot of hemoglobin.

Now, there are various types of hemoglobin, with Hgba1 being the most common,

making up about 98% of Hgba.

The A in Hgba stands for adult, and after about 6 months of age, nearly all hemoglobin is type A.

Type A1 has subtypes, A1A, A1B, A1C, and others, with A1C being the most prevalent.

Hemoglobin A1C, or HGBA1C, is significant because it is hemoglobin with sugar attached to it.

The hemoglobin on your red blood cells has the job of

carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.

Glucose also enters your red blood cells and links up or glycates with molecules of hemoglobin.

The more glucose in your blood, the more hemoglobin gets glycated.

When hemoglobin is glycated, it stays that way until the red blood cell dies, which has an average lifespan of three to four months.

Therefore, your A1C level indicates your average glucose levels over the last few months, making it an excellent marker for glucose control.

There are some instances, however, in which this test may be somewhat misleading.

For instance, if you have experienced recent blood loss, you will have a lot of new red blood cells that have had less exposure to glucose.

So your A1c may be lower, as a higher percentage of hemoglobin may not yet be glycated.

Or, if you have anemia, such as iron deficiency anemia, you usually have less hemoglobin, and because there is less hemoglobin,

it is likely that the hemoglobin you do have may be heavily glycated, thus leading to a higher A1c result.

Finally, those with kidney disease may also have a higher A1c than it really is because of anemia and other factors.

Kidney disease can also read falsely low because blood cells aren't lasting long enough to become glycated in people with kidney disease.

This is important because people with diabetes can often have kidney disease as well.

So regardless of whether you are pre-diabetic or have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, or whether you are perfectly healthy, when we think of the hemoglobin A1c test,

we understand that by measuring the percentage of A1c in the blood, we get an overview of your average blood glucose control for the past few months.

Now, the American Diabetes Association suggests that your doctor should measure your A1C level at least twice a year.

So what should your numbers be?

When it comes to numbers, there's no one-size-fits-all target.

The goal for most adults with diabetes is an A1C that is less than 7%.

According to the American and Diabetes Association, if your A1C level is between 5.7 and less than 6.5%,

your levels have been in the pre-diabetes range.

If you have an A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher, your levels are in the diabetes range.

A1C target levels can vary by each person's age and other factors, and your target may be different from someone else's.

Another important term that you may come across when finding out your A1C is EAG, or estimated average glucose.

EAG is similar to what you see when monitoring your blood glucose at home on your meter.

However, because you are more likely to check your blood glucose in the morning and before meals, your meter readings will likely be lower than your EAG.

I will include a link to a calculator you can use

to convert your A1C to an estimated average blood glucose number in the description of this video.

Now remember that your A1C target is your own.

You are unique and you need advice based on your own set of circumstances.

A1C targets often change over time, sometimes decreasing and sometimes increasing.

It all depends on the person and on the particular circumstances of that person.

If you have found this information helpful, leave a comment and be sure to like and subscribe for more videos

that help you better understand and advocate for your health.

Thank you for joining me take care and stay healthy bye

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « What Your A1C Numbers Really Mean ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : hemoglobin, blood, glucose, cell, diabetes. Cette vidéo contient 51 phrases et 826 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:12. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 159 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

Mot	Prononciation	Sens
hemoglobin nom	/ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/	hémoglobine
glucose nom	/ˈɡluː.kəʊz/	glucose
diabetes nom	/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/	diabète
kidney nom	/ˈkɪdni/	rein
anemia nom	/əˈnimi.ə/	anémie
circumstance nom	/ˈsɝ.kəmˌstæns/	circonstance
metre nom	/ˈmiːtəɹ/	mètre
diabetic adjectif	/daɪəˈbɛtɪk/	diabétique
lifespan nom	/ˈlaɪf.spæn/	durée de vie, longévité
mislead verbe	/mɪsˈliːd/	égarer
calculator nom	/kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/	calculatrice, calculette
falsely adverbe		faussement
deficiency nom	/dɪˈfɪʃənsi/	déficience
molecule nom	/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/	molécule
attach verbe	/əˈtæt͡ʃ/	attacher

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

Mot	Sens
come across verbe	avoir l'air de
find out verbe	découvrir, savoir

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

Structure	Dans la vidéo
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant	have experienced · have been · have found
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait	is found · is glycated · be glycated

Prononciation à surveiller

Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, anemia /əˈnimi.ə/, calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/, deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

/r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: metre /ˈmiːtəɹ/, prevalent /ˈpɹɛvələnt/, marker /ˈmɑː(ɹ)kə(ɹ)/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, decrease /dɪˈkɹiːs/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme hemoglobin, glucose, diabetes.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →

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