Pratica di Shadowing: A1C Test for Measuring Blood Sugar Levels - Impara a parlare inglese con i video
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An A1c test is a blood test that can be used to estimate the average amount of glucose, or sugar, in your blood over the past three months.
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Other names for this test are HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin, and glycosylated hemoglobin.
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This test is often used to screen for or manage diabetes and prediabetes, conditions that can happen when your blood sugar is too high.
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In order to understand how the test works, it's important to know about red blood cells and how your blood sugar affects them.
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Most of the cells in your blood are called red blood cells.
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They are made in your bone marrow, which is the tissue in the center of your bones.
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From there, they travel to your lungs, where they pick up oxygen from the air you breathe in.
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This happens in tiny air sacs in your lungs, called alveoli.
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Here, oxygen attaches to proteins inside your red blood cells, called hemoglobin.
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Your red blood cells then deliver the oxygen to tissues throughout your body.
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After about three months, red blood cells wear out.
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As the worn-out cells pass through your liver and spleen, other types of blood cells,
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called macrophages, destroy them and remove them from your blood.
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Glucose in your blood can affect your red blood cells.
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After you eat, your body breaks down food into glucose and releases it into your blood.
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Your tissue cells take the glucose out of your blood and use it as their main source of energy.
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It's normal for some of the glucose in your blood to stick to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells.
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This process is called glycosylation.
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If your tissue cells aren't able to use the glucose, it can build up in the blood.
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This is called hyperglycemia.
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If you have high blood glucose, more of the hemoglobin in your red blood cells will have glucose stuck to it.
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An A1c test shows the percentage of red blood cells that have glucose attached to them.
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If your A1c numbers are higher, it means that your red blood cells were exposed to higher levels of blood glucose in the previous three months.
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The test shows results from this time period because glucose can only stick to hemoglobin while your red blood cells are alive,
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and they live for about three months.
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Higher than normal average blood glucose can mean you have diabetes.
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Your health care practitioner may recommend you get an A1c test if you are over 45 years old,
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are under 45 and have one or more risk factors for diabetes, or you had diabetes during pregnancy called gestational diabetes.
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During an A1c test, a healthcare professional, called a phlebotomist, will take a sample of blood from a vein in your arm
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or from one of your fingers using a small needle.
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At the lab, your blood sample will be tested to measure the amount of red blood cells
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that have glucose sticking to the hemoglobin in them.
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Your A1c numbers, which show the percentage of glucose-attached red blood cells, can be used to estimate your average blood glucose during the past three months.
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Your A1c test result may include a chart that shows estimated average blood glucose range based on A1c numbers.
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A normal A1c result means your blood sugar level is in the non-diabetic range.
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Or an A1c result may be considered normal for you, even if your blood sugar is slightly outside the non-diabetic range.
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This may happen because of your age or medical conditions you have, such as diabetes.
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An abnormally high A1c test result means your blood sugar has been too high over the past three months.
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You may be diagnosed with prediabetes or diabetes if you haven't already been told you have it.
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Or, if you're living with diabetes, an abnormal result means your blood sugar is not well controlled.
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If your A1C result stays high, your healthcare practitioner will talk to you about how to manage your blood sugar.
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People with diabetes will need to have an A1C test at least twice a year.
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People with prediabetes will need to be tested every year or two, or as often as your healthcare practitioner recommends.
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If your A1C is normal but you had gestational diabetes, or you have risk factors for diabetes, then you will need the test every three years.
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To find out more about the A1C test, talk to your health care practitioner.
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Thank you.
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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione
Questa lezione di conversazione di livello C1 si basa sul video “A1C Test for Measuring Blood Sugar Levels”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: blood, cells, glucose, test, diabetes. Questo video contiene 46 frasi e 758 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:12. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 146 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Il 82% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese; conviene studiare le altre prima di iniziare.
Vocaboli chiave di questo video
Le 15 parole più avanzate del video, con pronuncia e significato:
| Parola | Pronuncia | Significato |
|---|---|---|
| glucose sostantivo | /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/ | glucosio |
| hemoglobin sostantivo | /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/ | emoglobina |
| practitioner sostantivo | /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/ | professionista, praticante |
| prediabetes sostantivo | prediabete | |
| attach verbo | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | legare, appiccare |
| diabetic aggettivo | /daɪəˈbɛtɪk/ | diabetico |
| abnormally avverbio | /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/ | anormalmente |
| diagnose verbo | /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ | diagnosticare |
| hyperglycemia sostantivo | iperglicemia | |
| macrophage sostantivo | /ˈmækɹɔʊː.feɪd͡ʒ/ | macrofago |
| spleen sostantivo | /spliːn/ | milza, splene |
| marrow sostantivo | /ˈmæɹəʊ/ | midollo |
| abnormal aggettivo | /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ | anormale, anomalo |
| vein sostantivo | /veɪn/ | vena |
| needle sostantivo | /ˈniː.dəl/ | ago |
I phrasal verb che sentirai
| Parola | Significato |
|---|---|
| wear out verbo | fare fuori, consumare |
| find out verbo | scoprire |
| pass through verbo | trapassare |
| pick up verbo | tirare su, sollevare |
La grammatica di questo video
Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:
| Struttura | Nel video |
|---|---|
| Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fa | are called · are made · is called |
| Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adesso | has been · haven't already been told |
Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione
Chi parla usa 3 contrazioni e forme ridotte, come aren't, haven't, you're. Pronunciale nella forma breve, così come le senti.
- I suoni “sh” e “zh”: practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, glycosylation /ˌɡlaɪ.koʊ.səˈleɪ.ʃən/
- Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: hemoglobin /ˌhimoʊˈɡloʊbɪn/, practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, alveolus /ælˈvi.əl.əs/, glycosylation /ˌɡlaɪ.koʊ.səˈleɪ.ʃən/
I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:
- Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: glucose /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, diabetic /daɪəˈbɛtɪk/, alveolus /ælˈvi.əl.əs/, diagnose /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/
- /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, alveolus /ælˈvi.əl.əs/, macrophage /ˈmækɹɔʊː.feɪd͡ʒ/
Come esercitarsi con questo video
- Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
- Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
- Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come glucose, hemoglobin, practitioner.
Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?
Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.