Pratica di Shadowing: Osteoporosis - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

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The skeleton is made up of bones, which provide support and shape to the body.
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They protect soft internal organs, such as the brain and heart, from injury.
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Together with muscles, strong bones enable the body to move freely.
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Bones have a solid outer surface called compact bone.
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The inner bone is called spongy bone
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because it is less dense than compact bone and has many small holes like a sponge.
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Bones contain cells called osteoclasts that break down bone tissue.
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Other cells, called osteoblasts, make new bone tissue using minerals such as calcium and phosphate from the blood.
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Hormones such as estrogen, growth hormone,
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and testosterone help keep the number and activity of osteoblasts higher than osteoclasts so that more bone is made than removed.
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Physical forces and pressure during exercise also help bones to grow stronger and denser.
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These processes allow bones to grow strong in children and young adults.
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People have their strongest, most dense bones, called peak bone mass, in their 30s.
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After this age, osteoclasts gradually remove more bone than the osteoblasts make.
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Osteoporosis is a condition that leads to weakened bones, causing them to break more easily.
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Healthy bone is dense enough to support and protect the body, and to handle the stresses of movement and minor injuries.
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However, people with osteoporosis have abnormally thin bones with larger holes in the spongy bone.
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There are two types of osteoporosis.
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Primary osteoporosis is usually related to older age, as well as a reduced amount of estrogen in women.
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Secondary osteoporosis affects both children and adults.
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It is related to other diseases or conditions, such as cancer, hormone problems, or use of certain medications.
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A person has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they don't develop enough bone mass when they're growing from childhood to adulthood.
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Risk factors that can lead to low peak bone mass include a family history of osteoporosis,
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being white or Asian, being female,
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a poor diet, certain medications such as steroids or certain seizure medicines,
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lack of physical activity and weight -bearing exercise, • And lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking and drinking too much alcohol.
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A person also has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they have an abnormal amount of bone loss after age 30.
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Some bone loss is normal after this age.
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However, a person with the same risk factors for low peak bone mass can be more likely to get osteoporosis as they age.
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Increased bone loss is also common in women after the time of a woman's last period, called menopause.
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After menopause, a woman's ovaries stop making the hormone estrogen.
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With the drop in hormones, bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts, are more active than the bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Bones may break or fracture easily because they're unable to withstand the physical strain and pressure from even normal activities.
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Common fracture locations in people with osteoporosis include the wrists, spine, and hips.
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Building strong,
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healthy bones through a diet rich in calcium and vitamins and getting regular exercise can help prevent as well as treat osteoporosis.
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Common medications for osteoporosis include biphosphonates,
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a medication called denosumab, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, or CIRMs and calcitonin.
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In general, these medications act on bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts.
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Parathyroid hormone acts on bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Food or supplements containing calcium and vitamin D are also recommended for osteoporosis.
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For more information, talk to a healthcare professional.

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Vocabolario e note di pronuncia per questa lezione

Questa lezione di conversazione si basa sul video “Osteoporosis”. Le parole che ritornano più spesso: bone, osteoporosis, hormone, cells, osteoblasts. Questo video contiene 35 frasi e 578 parole da ripetere con lo shadowing. Il parlato dura 5:05. Chi parla mantiene un ritmo costante di circa 114 parole al minuto, comodo per lo shadowing. Solo il 73% delle parole rientra nelle 3.000 più comuni dell’inglese, quindi il lessico è impegnativo.

Vocaboli chiave di questo video

15 parole del video che vale la pena imparare, con pronuncia e significato:

ParolaPronunciaSignificato
bone sostantivo/boʊn/osso
hormone sostantivo/ˈhoɹmoʊn/ormone
medication sostantivo/mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/medicazione
dense aggettivo/ˈdɛns/denso
calcium sostantivo/ˈkælsi.əm/calcio
tissue sostantivo/ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/tessuto
compact aggettivo/kəmˈpækt/compatto
vitamin sostantivo/ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/vitamina
fracture sostantivo/ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/frattura
thin aggettivo/ˈθɪn/sottile, fine
hip sostantivo/hɪp/anca
muscle sostantivo/ˈmʌs.əl/muscolo
enable verbo/ɪˈneɪ.bəl/permettere
lifestyle sostantivo/ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/stile di vita
gradually avverbio/ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/gradualmente

Pronuncia a cui fare attenzione

  • I suoni “th”: thirty /ˈθɝti/, thin /ˈθɪn/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
  • I suoni “sh” e “zh”: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/
  • Parole lunghe — attenzione all’accento: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, testosterone /tɛˈstɑ.stəˌɹoʊn/, osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, calcitonin /ˌkæl.sɪˈtoʊ.nɪn/

I suoni difficili per chi parla italiano:

  • /h/ — va soffiata, non è muta: hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/, hip /hɪp/
  • Consonante finale — senza aggiungere una vocale dopo: dense /ˈdɛns/, compact /kəmˈpækt/, hip /hɪp/, supplement /ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/, wrist /ɹɪst/
  • /æ/ — più aperta della “e”: calcium /ˈkælsi.əm/, compact /kəmˈpækt/, fracture /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/, gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/, abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/

Come esercitarsi con questo video

  1. Ascolta tutto il video una volta senza parlare e annota le parole che non conosci.
  2. Fai shadowing frase per frase a velocità normale, ripetendo ognuna finché il tuo ritmo coincide con quello di chi parla.
  3. Registrati e confronta con l’originale, facendo attenzione a parole come bone, hormone, medication.

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →