シャドーイング練習: Osteoporosis - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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The skeleton is made up of bones, which provide support and shape to the body.
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They protect soft internal organs, such as the brain and heart, from injury.
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Together with muscles, strong bones enable the body to move freely.
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Bones have a solid outer surface called compact bone.
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The inner bone is called spongy bone
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because it is less dense than compact bone and has many small holes like a sponge.
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Bones contain cells called osteoclasts that break down bone tissue.
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Other cells, called osteoblasts, make new bone tissue using minerals such as calcium and phosphate from the blood.
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Hormones such as estrogen, growth hormone,
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and testosterone help keep the number and activity of osteoblasts higher than osteoclasts so that more bone is made than removed.
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Physical forces and pressure during exercise also help bones to grow stronger and denser.
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These processes allow bones to grow strong in children and young adults.
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People have their strongest, most dense bones, called peak bone mass, in their 30s.
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After this age, osteoclasts gradually remove more bone than the osteoblasts make.
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Osteoporosis is a condition that leads to weakened bones, causing them to break more easily.
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Healthy bone is dense enough to support and protect the body, and to handle the stresses of movement and minor injuries.
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However, people with osteoporosis have abnormally thin bones with larger holes in the spongy bone.
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There are two types of osteoporosis.
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Primary osteoporosis is usually related to older age, as well as a reduced amount of estrogen in women.
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Secondary osteoporosis affects both children and adults.
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It is related to other diseases or conditions, such as cancer, hormone problems, or use of certain medications.
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A person has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they don't develop enough bone mass when they're growing from childhood to adulthood.
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Risk factors that can lead to low peak bone mass include a family history of osteoporosis,
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being white or Asian, being female,
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a poor diet, certain medications such as steroids or certain seizure medicines,
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lack of physical activity and weight -bearing exercise, • And lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking and drinking too much alcohol.
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A person also has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they have an abnormal amount of bone loss after age 30.
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Some bone loss is normal after this age.
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However, a person with the same risk factors for low peak bone mass can be more likely to get osteoporosis as they age.
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Increased bone loss is also common in women after the time of a woman's last period, called menopause.
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After menopause, a woman's ovaries stop making the hormone estrogen.
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With the drop in hormones, bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts, are more active than the bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Bones may break or fracture easily because they're unable to withstand the physical strain and pressure from even normal activities.
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Common fracture locations in people with osteoporosis include the wrists, spine, and hips.
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Building strong,
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healthy bones through a diet rich in calcium and vitamins and getting regular exercise can help prevent as well as treat osteoporosis.
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Common medications for osteoporosis include biphosphonates,
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a medication called denosumab, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, or CIRMs and calcitonin.
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In general, these medications act on bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts.
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Parathyroid hormone acts on bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Food or supplements containing calcium and vitamin D are also recommended for osteoporosis.
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For more information, talk to a healthcare professional.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Osteoporosis」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：bone, osteoporosis, hormone, cells, osteoblasts。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が35文、単語が578語あります。 音声の長さは5:05です。 話す速さは1分あたり約114語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は73%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| bone 名詞 | /boʊn/ | 骨 |
| hormone 名詞 | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | ホルモン |
| dense 形容詞 | /ˈdɛns/ | 濃い, 密 |
| calcium 名詞 | /ˈkælsi.əm/ | カルシウム, 石灰素 |
| tissue 名詞 | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | 織物 |
| vitamin 名詞 | /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ | ビタミン |
| fracture 名詞 | /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/ | 骨折 |
| thin 形容詞 | /ˈθɪn/ | 薄い, 細い |
| hip 名詞 | /hɪp/ | 腰 |
| muscle 名詞 | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | 筋肉, 筋 |
| lifestyle 名詞 | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | ライフスタイル, 生活様式 |
| gradually 副詞 | /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/ | 段々と, 徐々に |
| organ 名詞 | /ˈɔːɡən/ | 器官 |
| mineral 名詞 | /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/ | 鉱物 |
| wrist 名詞 | /ɹɪst/ | 手首 |
注意したい発音
- 「th」の音: thirty /ˈθɝti/, thin /ˈθɪn/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, testosterone /tɛˈstɑ.stəˌɹoʊn/, osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, calcitonin /ˌkæl.sɪˈtoʊ.nɪn/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/, freely /ˈfɹili/, mineral /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/, abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: vitamin /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/, selective /səˈlɛktɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fracture /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/, lifestyle /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/, freely /ˈfɹili/, phosphate /ˈfɑsfeɪt/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。bone, hormone, denseなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。