Shadowing Practice: Osteoporosis - Learn English Speaking with Video
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The skeleton is made up of bones, which provide support and shape to the body.
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They protect soft internal organs, such as the brain and heart, from injury.
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Together with muscles, strong bones enable the body to move freely.
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Bones have a solid outer surface called compact bone.
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The inner bone is called spongy bone
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because it is less dense than compact bone and has many small holes like a sponge.
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Bones contain cells called osteoclasts that break down bone tissue.
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Other cells, called osteoblasts, make new bone tissue using minerals such as calcium and phosphate from the blood.
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Hormones such as estrogen, growth hormone,
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and testosterone help keep the number and activity of osteoblasts higher than osteoclasts so that more bone is made than removed.
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Physical forces and pressure during exercise also help bones to grow stronger and denser.
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These processes allow bones to grow strong in children and young adults.
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People have their strongest, most dense bones, called peak bone mass, in their 30s.
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After this age, osteoclasts gradually remove more bone than the osteoblasts make.
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Osteoporosis is a condition that leads to weakened bones, causing them to break more easily.
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Healthy bone is dense enough to support and protect the body, and to handle the stresses of movement and minor injuries.
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However, people with osteoporosis have abnormally thin bones with larger holes in the spongy bone.
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There are two types of osteoporosis.
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Primary osteoporosis is usually related to older age, as well as a reduced amount of estrogen in women.
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Secondary osteoporosis affects both children and adults.
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It is related to other diseases or conditions, such as cancer, hormone problems, or use of certain medications.
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A person has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they don't develop enough bone mass when they're growing from childhood to adulthood.
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Risk factors that can lead to low peak bone mass include a family history of osteoporosis,
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being white or Asian, being female,
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a poor diet, certain medications such as steroids or certain seizure medicines,
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lack of physical activity and weight -bearing exercise, • And lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking and drinking too much alcohol.
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A person also has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they have an abnormal amount of bone loss after age 30.
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Some bone loss is normal after this age.
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However, a person with the same risk factors for low peak bone mass can be more likely to get osteoporosis as they age.
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Increased bone loss is also common in women after the time of a woman's last period, called menopause.
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After menopause, a woman's ovaries stop making the hormone estrogen.
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With the drop in hormones, bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts, are more active than the bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Bones may break or fracture easily because they're unable to withstand the physical strain and pressure from even normal activities.
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Common fracture locations in people with osteoporosis include the wrists, spine, and hips.
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Building strong,
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healthy bones through a diet rich in calcium and vitamins and getting regular exercise can help prevent as well as treat osteoporosis.
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Common medications for osteoporosis include biphosphonates,
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a medication called denosumab, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, or CIRMs and calcitonin.
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In general, these medications act on bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts.
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Parathyroid hormone acts on bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Food or supplements containing calcium and vitamin D are also recommended for osteoporosis.
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For more information, talk to a healthcare professional.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “Osteoporosis”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: bone, osteoporosis, hormone, cells, osteoblasts. Deze video bevat 35 zinnen en 578 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 5:05. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 114 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 73% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| bone zelfstandig naamwoord | /boʊn/ | been |
| hormone zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | hormoon |
| medication zelfstandig naamwoord | /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ | medicatie |
| dense bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈdɛns/ | dicht |
| calcium zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkælsi.əm/ | calcium |
| tissue zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | weefsel |
| compact bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /kəmˈpækt/ | compact |
| vitamin zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ | vitamine |
| fracture zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/ | breuk, fractuur |
| thin bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈθɪn/ | dun |
| hip zelfstandig naamwoord | /hɪp/ | heup |
| muscle zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | spier |
| enable werkwoord | /ɪˈneɪ.bəl/ | inschakelen, in staat stellen |
| lifestyle zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | levensstijl |
| gradually bijwoord | /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/ | geleidelijk, allengs |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| break down werkwoord | stukgaan, kapot gaan |
Uitspraak om op te letten
- De “th”-klanken: thirty /ˈθɝti/, thin /ˈθɪn/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, testosterone /tɛˈstɑ.stəˌɹoʊn/, osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, calcitonin /ˌkæl.sɪˈtoʊ.nɪn/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: selective /səˈlɛktɪv/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/, menopause /ˈmɛnəpɔːz/, steroid /ˈstɛɹɔɪd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: calcium /ˈkælsi.əm/, compact /kəmˈpækt/, fracture /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/, gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/, abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/, organ /ˈɔːɡən/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als bone, hormone, medication.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.