跟讀練習: Osteoporosis - 通過影片學習英語口語
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44 句
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1
The skeleton is made up of bones, which provide support and shape to the body.
2
They protect soft internal organs, such as the brain and heart, from injury.
3
Together with muscles, strong bones enable the body to move freely.
4
Bones have a solid outer surface called compact bone.
5
The inner bone is called spongy bone
6
because it is less dense than compact bone and has many small holes like a sponge.
7
Bones contain cells called osteoclasts that break down bone tissue.
8
Other cells, called osteoblasts, make new bone tissue using minerals such as calcium and phosphate from the blood.
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Hormones such as estrogen, growth hormone,
10
and testosterone help keep the number and activity of osteoblasts higher than osteoclasts so that more bone is made than removed.
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Physical forces and pressure during exercise also help bones to grow stronger and denser.
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These processes allow bones to grow strong in children and young adults.
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People have their strongest, most dense bones, called peak bone mass, in their 30s.
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After this age, osteoclasts gradually remove more bone than the osteoblasts make.
15
Osteoporosis is a condition that leads to weakened bones, causing them to break more easily.
16
Healthy bone is dense enough to support and protect the body, and to handle the stresses of movement and minor injuries.
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However, people with osteoporosis have abnormally thin bones with larger holes in the spongy bone.
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There are two types of osteoporosis.
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Primary osteoporosis is usually related to older age, as well as a reduced amount of estrogen in women.
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Secondary osteoporosis affects both children and adults.
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It is related to other diseases or conditions, such as cancer, hormone problems, or use of certain medications.
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A person has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they don't develop enough bone mass when they're growing from childhood to adulthood.
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Risk factors that can lead to low peak bone mass include a family history of osteoporosis,
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being white or Asian, being female,
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a poor diet, certain medications such as steroids or certain seizure medicines,
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lack of physical activity and weight -bearing exercise, • And lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking and drinking too much alcohol.
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A person also has a greater risk for either type of osteoporosis
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if they have an abnormal amount of bone loss after age 30.
30
Some bone loss is normal after this age.
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However, a person with the same risk factors for low peak bone mass can be more likely to get osteoporosis as they age.
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Increased bone loss is also common in women after the time of a woman's last period, called menopause.
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After menopause, a woman's ovaries stop making the hormone estrogen.
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With the drop in hormones, bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts, are more active than the bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Bones may break or fracture easily because they're unable to withstand the physical strain and pressure from even normal activities.
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Common fracture locations in people with osteoporosis include the wrists, spine, and hips.
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Building strong,
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healthy bones through a diet rich in calcium and vitamins and getting regular exercise can help prevent as well as treat osteoporosis.
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Common medications for osteoporosis include biphosphonates,
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a medication called denosumab, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, or CIRMs and calcitonin.
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In general, these medications act on bone -removing cells, called osteoclasts.
42
Parathyroid hormone acts on bone -making cells, called osteoblasts.
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Food or supplements containing calcium and vitamin D are also recommended for osteoporosis.
44
For more information, talk to a healthcare professional.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Osteoporosis”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：bone, osteoporosis, hormone, cells, osteoblasts。 這段影片共有 35 個句子、578 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 5:05。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 114 個詞，很適合跟讀。 只有 73% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| bone 名詞 | /boʊn/ | гўдў, гўдўзы |
| hormone 名詞 | /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ | 激素, 荷爾蒙 /荷爾蒙 |
| medication 名詞 | /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ | 藥物 /藥物 |
| dense 形容詞 | /ˈdɛns/ | 密, 稠密 |
| calcium 名詞 | /ˈkælsi.əm/ | 鈣 /鈣 |
| tissue 名詞 | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | 紙巾 |
| compact 形容詞 | /kəmˈpækt/ | 緊湊的 /緊湊的 |
| vitamin 名詞 | /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ | 維生素 /維生素, 維他命 /維他命 |
| fracture 名詞 | /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃʰəː/ | 骨折 |
| thin 形容詞 | /ˈθɪn/ | бә, 薄 |
| hip 名詞 | /hɪp/ | 髖 /髖 |
| muscle 名詞 | /ˈmʌs.əl/ | 肌肉, 筋肉 |
| lifestyle 名詞 | /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ | 生活方式, 生態 /生態 |
| gradually 副詞 | /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/ | 逐漸 /逐漸, 漸漸 /漸漸 |
| strain 名詞 | /stɹeɪn/ | 株 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| break down 動詞 | 壞了 /壞了, 出故障 |
需要注意的發音
- “th” 音: thirty /ˈθɝti/, thin /ˈθɪn/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, testosterone /tɛˈstɑ.stəˌɹoʊn/, osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/, calcitonin /ˌkæl.sɪˈtoʊ.nɪn/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: vitamin /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/, selective /səˈlɛktɪv/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: dense /ˈdɛns/, compact /kəmˈpækt/, hip /hɪp/, supplement /ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/, wrist /ɹɪst/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/, freely /ˈfɹili/, mineral /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/, abnormal /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/, abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 bone, hormone, medication 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。