跟讀練習: Nitrates: Nursing Pharmacology - 通過影片學習英語口語
選擇練習模式
每種模式都會開啟全屏練習室。
77 句
如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。
1
What?
2
you Nitrates are medications that come under the umbrella of a larger group called vasodilators, which dilate the walls of blood vessels.
3
Nitrates are primarily used to treat angina pectoris, which is pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle as well as hypertension and heart failure.
4
More recently, they've also been approved for the topical treatment of anal fissures.
5
Enjoying our Osmosis videos?
6
Unlock your full potential with an Osmosis subscription.
7
Get unlimited access to every Osmosis feature and resource with a free 7 -day trial.
8
The most commonly used nitrates include nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, and isosorbide mononitrate.
9
Out of these, nitroglycerin has a rapid and short -lasting action, so when treating acute anginal pain or hypertension,
10
it's typically given through rapidly absorbable routes, like sublingual, oral spray, or intravenously, to bypass the first -pass metabolism in the liver,
11
which would slow its absorption.
12
For long -term prevention, though, routes of administration can include transdermal patches, topical ointments, or extended -release oral capsules.
13
Nitroglycerin can also be administered rectally for the treatment of anal fissures.
14
On the other hand, isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide mononitrate have a longer duration of action and are typically administered orally as tablets,
15
or sustained release capsules which makes them useful for the long -term prevention of angina pectoris
16
or to treat clients with heart failure.
17
Once absorbed into the blood, nitrates quickly get converted into their active form,
18
called nitric oxide, Nitric oxide diffuses to the smooth muscle cells of both veins and arteries, causing wall relaxation and vasodilation.
19
The result of venous vasodilation is peripheral blood pooling, which in turn decreases the return of venous blood to the heart.
20
This way, nitrates predominantly reduce preload, which is the pressure that stretches the heart as it fills with blood from venous return.
21
At the same time, arterial vasodilation lowers the systemic vascular resistance, which will also reduce the afterload,
22
or the pressure that the heart must work against to eject the blood.
23
Ultimately, by reducing preload and afterload, nitrates reduce the amount of work the heart has to do, eventually decreasing the heart's oxygen consumption.
24
Nitrates also have a minor effect on the dilation of the coronary arteries, which helps increase oxygen delivery to heart tissue.
25
Common side effects of nitrates include headache, dizziness, flushing, nausea, and vomiting.
26
Another important side effect of nitrates is orthostatic hypotension, where the blood pressure falls significantly when the client stands up too quickly.
27
As a result, these clients could experience lightheadedness or syncope due to decreased blood flow to the brain.
28
In addition, clients may experience reflex tachycardia,
29
which is caused by the sympathetic system triggering an increase in heart rate in response to the hypotension caused by nitrates, in order to maintain tissue perfusion.
30
Now, clients who continuously use nitrates soon develop tolerance to these side effects.
31
Unfortunately, clients may also develop tolerance to the therapeutic effects of nitrates, especially with uninterrupted use.
32
Clients can prevent this by avoiding using nitrates for several hours each day.
33
Finally, nitrates are contraindicated in individuals with hypotension, hypovolemia, severe anemia, and cardiomyopathy.
34
Nitrates should be used carefully during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as well as in clients with increased intracranial pressure or cerebral hemorrhage,
35
renal or hepatic disease, and syncope.
36
As far as drug interactions go, nitrates should never be combined with other substances that cause vasodilation,
37
such as alcohol, Medications used to treat erectile dysfunction including sildenafil,
38
tadalafil, or vardenafil or antihypertensive agents like beta blockers or calcium channel blockers.
39
If taken together, their effects add up and may lead to a steep fall in blood pressure, cardiovascular collapse, and even death.
40
Now, before administering a nitrate,
41
complete a baseline assessment, including frequency and severity of angina pain and vital signs especially blood pressure.
42
Review their health history for angina risk factors, such as hypertension.
43
Next, check your client's latest laboratory report including CBC, hepatic and renal function, as well as their lipid profile.
44
Then be sure they understand how angina happens, and explain how the medication helps reduce or prevent angina by improving blood flow to the heart.
45
Lastly, after administering the nitrate, remain with your client and continuously monitor their vital signs, especially blood pressure.
46
Continue to assess for worsening symptoms, such as chest pain and side effects, and for the desired therapeutic response.
47
Ok, when teaching your client about sublingual nitroglycerin, explain that nitrates are sensitive to light,
48
moisture and heat, so advise them to store their nitroglycerin pills in their original container at room temperature
49
but also remind them to carry a small number of their pills with them at all times.
50
Teach them that taking a sip of water before putting their pill under their tongue will help it dissolve
51
and get into their system faster.
52
In addition, let them know that it's normal for them to feel a slight burning
53
or tingling under their tongue while the medication dissolves.
54
Be sure to remind your client to not swallow the medication
55
and instruct them to avoid eating or drinking anything for 15 minutes after administration to ensure the medication is fully absorbed.
56
Let them know about common side effects they may experience, such as headache, which can be managed with acetaminophen,
57
and orthostatic hypotension, which can increase the risk of falls.
58
So teach your client to make position changes slowly, especially if they feel lightheaded.
59
Lastly, stress the importance of avoiding other substances that can excessively lower blood pressure, such as alcohol and medications used for erectile dysfunction.
60
If your client experiences angina with activity, remind them to take the nitroglycerin prior to precipitating activities or situations,
61
such as playing sports or mowing the lawn.
62
If they're taking the nitrate for acute angina, instruct them to call emergency services if the pain does not resolve within five minutes after one dose.
63
While awaiting emergency care to arrive, let them know that they may take a second and third dose five minutes apart.
64
Now, if your client is prescribed transdermal nitroglycerin patches, instruct them to apply a new patch each day on a hairless part of their body.
65
To prevent the development of nitrate tolerance, stress the importance of incorporating about 12 hours of nitrate free time every 24 hours, usually during the night.
66
For example, if your client has angina with activity, instruct them to apply their patch at 8 a .m and then remove it at 8 p .m.
67
Finally, remind your client to take their medication as directed, and warn them that stopping abruptly could result in vasospasm.
68
Alright, as a quick recap, nitrates are medications mainly used to treat angina pectoris, hypertension, and heart failure.
69
Once administered, nitrates are quickly converted into their active form, nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation and ultimately reduces preload and afterload.
70
while improving blood flow through the coronary arteries.
71
Clients who are prescribed nitrates should be advised about side effects, including headache, dizziness, flushing, nausea,
72
orthostatic hypotension, and reflex tachycardia.
73
Nitrates should be avoided in clients with problems such as hypotension and hypovolemia, and they should never be combined with other substances that cause vasodilation,
74
such as alcohol or medications for erectile dysfunction.
75
Finally, continuous administration of nitrates can lead to tolerance, and clients can prevent this by avoiding using nitrates for several hours each day.
76
Helping current and future clinicians focus, learn, retain, and thrive.
77
Learn more.
同頻道
C11
Ischemic Stroke - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
Pneumothorax - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
Asthma
University StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Clinical Cuts: B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, & Contraction
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C12
Myasthenia gravis
University StudentsWorking Adults
C1Gallstones (cholelithiasis)
University StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Bell palsy
University StudentsWorking Adults
C18
Emotional and mental health needs
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
Introduction to the immune system
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1Tuberculosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
FOR YOU
推薦影片
C12
84 句
Heart Failure Medications: What to Monitor Before You Give Them (Video 4 of 5)
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
530 句
Antimycobacterials | Anti-TB Drugs
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
7 句
Oxytocin: The Love Hormone (#short)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
93 句
Introduction to ECMO Part 3 - V-A ECMO
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
173 句
Renal Colic History | OSCE Guide | UKMLA | CPSA | PLAB 2
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1117 句
Anatomy & Physiology: The Ultimate Beginner's Guide | Dr. Bee's Tutorials
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
287 句
Lecture 12: Retina, Part 2: Retinal vascular occlusions
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C22
22 句
Journal Highlight: 30-Day Outcomes of Resolute Onyx Stent for Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
26 句
Reading Test 1. Seccion 2: Reducing Injuries on the Farm
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
48 句
Pharmaceutical Industry Overview | Pharma and Biotech: Distinctions | Understanding Pharmaceuticals
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B212 句
I’m Siena, a nursing simulator at the Susan S. Morrison School of Nursing. #nursingschool #nursing
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
為什麼要通過這個影片練習口語？
學習英語發音和口語表達的一個有效方法就是使用影片進行模仿練習。在觀看有關硝酸酯的藥理學影片時，您不僅可以獲取重要的醫學知識，還能鍛鍊自己的語言表達能力。這種方式被稱為“shadow speech”或“shadow speak”，可以幫助您提高英語發音的正確性和流利度。通過練習與影片內容結合的對話，您將能夠更加自信地使用英語進行交流，從而提升您的整體語言能力。
語法與表達在語境中
在影片中，有幾個值得注意的句子結構和表達方式：
- “Nitrates are medications that come under the umbrella of...” - 這個結構清楚地指出了硝酸鹽的類別，有助於您瞭解如何用英語描述事物的歸屬。
- “Once absorbed into the blood, nitrates quickly get converted into...” - 使用“once”引導的時間狀語從句，使得句子更為複雜且富有資訊量。
- “Nitrates also have a minor effect on the dilation of...” - 在這裡，使用“also”一詞有效地連線了兩個思想，表明硝酸鹽的多重功效。
- “Common side effects of nitrates include...” - 此結構可用於列舉和總結，讓您更好地理解如何在日常對話中列出資訊。
通過模仿這些句子結構，您將逐漸掌握更復雜的英語語法。
常見發音陷阱
在影片中，有幾個單詞和短語提醒我們特別注意發音：
- “Nitrates” - 這個詞的重音在第一音節上，確保您正確發音以避免混淆。
- “Vasodilators” - 這個複雜的醫學術語可能會讓發音者感到困惑，特別是其中心音節的發音。
- “Hypotension” 和 “cardiomyopathy” - 這些都是較長的單詞，練習時最好慢慢分解發音，逐步提高流利度。
注意這些發音陷阱並在練習時使用“shadowspeaks”技術，可以有效提升您的英語發音能力和表達流暢度。通過不斷模仿和重複，您將逐步克服這些挑戰，成功提高英語發音。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | been approved · be administered · is caused |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | pectoris, which is · capsules which makes · preload, which is |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。