跟讀練習: Renal Colic History | OSCE Guide | UKMLA | CPSA | PLAB 2 - 通過影片學習英語口語
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173 句
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1
Hi my name is Grace, I'm one of the medical students in A &E today.
2
Hello.
3
Hi, could I just confirm your name and date of birth?
4
Yeah it's Imogen Mann, it's the 13th of August 91.
5
Okay nice to meet you Imogen, how can I help you today?
6
I've just been having this really severe pain in my lower back.
7
It's like nothing I've ever experienced before. So yeah.
8
Okay.
9
Just before we begin, are you comfortable enough for me to be asking you some questions or do you need some painkillers?
10
No, I've been given something.
11
I'm still uncomfortable if I'm honest, but yeah, I'm happy to chat to you.
12
Okay.
13
If that changes Imogen's, just let me know because I want you to be comfortable.
14
Okay.
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Thank you.
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Okay, Imogen.
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So you mentioned you've been having this pain.
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Do you want to tell me a bit more about your symptoms?
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Yeah, it just came on suddenly this morning in my side of my back.
20
Yeah, just a really severe pain that I've never experienced before.
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Okay, and what does that feel like?
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It's like a cramping pain.
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Yeah, it's really awful.
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Okay, and I mean it sounds really uncomfortable.
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If you had to grade it on severity where 10 out of 10 was the worst pain, how would you place it on that scale?
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Definitely a 10 and I've got a pretty high pain threshold generally
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but like I say this is nothing I've ever experienced before.
28
Okay and is it that all the time?
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No it sort of comes on in in waves is the best way to describe it but yeah it's awful.
30
Yeah it sounds really uncomfortable.
31
You mentioned that the pain is on the right hand side, where's that exactly?
32
Like kind of my right lower back here.
33
Is it going anywhere else?
34
Yeah, it goes into the groin area.
35
Okay, and have you noticed anything that makes it better or worse?
36
No, I did take a couple of painkillers, but that didn't really do anything.
37
And what did you take painkiller -wise?
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Cocodomol and ibuprofen.
39
Okay, and what time was that?
40
That was earlier this morning.
41
Okay, and with this pain that you're having, have you noticed any other symptoms alongside it?
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It's so bad, it's making me feel sick when the pain comes on.
43
Okay and have you been sick?
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I have yeah I've been sick twice this morning.
45
Was there any blood when you were vomiting?
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I didn't know I didn't say anything like that no. Okay so it's definitely got you feeling quite unwell.
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Have you noticed any other symptoms?
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Um kind of my main worry is I think there's blood in my urine.
49
Okay can you describe that for me?
50
Um just the last two times I've been to the toilet for a week uh
51
it's been this like reddish color um which is obviously a worry okay
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so let me find out a bit more about that
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so the color of the urine you said it's reddish is it more in the pink kind of color
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or more like a deep dark red no more more pinkish
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yeah pinkish okay have there been any blood clots in the urine
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so any kind of red dots no okay and
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when you're going for a wee does that feel unusual at all no
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that that all feels fine all normal yeah okay so no burning or stinging
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No. Are you weeing more often than usual?
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No. And when you're peeing the flow of it does that feel okay?
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That's all normal yeah.
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Okay and obviously you're quite worried about the blood in your urine have you had blood in your urine before?
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No never.
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Okay so something new.
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Yeah.
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Have you noticed any other symptoms at all?
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No not that I can think of.
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Okay so you've woken up today
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and as you were getting ready you developed this severe pain that's coming in waves it's got you feeling sick
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and you've been sick a couple of times
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you've also had this probably blood in your urine a bit
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pinkish urine yeah let me just check for any other symptoms
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so specifically have you noticed a fever at all no okay
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and you talked about vomiting can i just check your bowels are there any changes
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there that's all been normal okay
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when did you last open your bowels uh yesterday evening okay have you been unwell recently with anything
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i've been absolutely fine until this came on this morning okay
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and just to double check any injuries
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you've not fallen onto this side at all no okay um
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have you had anything like this before in terms of the
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pain oh no never had anything like this before okay
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and recently have you been feeling more tired than usual
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or run down no have you lost any weight no
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and you've not mentioned this
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but just to double check any difficulty breathing any pains in your chest no it's all fine any feeling lightheaded
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or dizzy no
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and have you noticed any bleeding from anywhere else from your
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back passage for example no can i ask do you have periods no i've got the marina coil
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so i don't have periods fine and have you had any unscheduled bleeding with that no so
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what are your thoughts about what's going on um my initial thoughts are
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because where the pain is um possibly something to do with my kidneys my my worry is
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that you know with the blood in my urine and my first thoughts is cancer really, but I know I'm quite young, so I don't know.
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Yeah and I can understand why you might think cancer because that is sort of a red flag isn't it?
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There's lots of different causes for blood in the urine
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so we'll be doing some tests today but I just want to reassure you
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that there's lots of other things that could be the cause.
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Okay yeah thank you.
98
Is there anything else specifically that you're worried about?
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The pain really, I'd say it's such a severe pain and I'm really worried about
100
that coming back on
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and to be honest
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I really need to get back to work as quickly as I can okay what do you do for work Imogen?
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I'm a police officer right okay
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so I'm guessing you're quite busy on your feet a lot yeah okay um
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you're here in A &E we're here to help you you've had some painkillers in terms of any specific things
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that you wanted us to definitely do in A &E today did you have anything in mind
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that I should know about um I guess just get the relevant tests um
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and get this sorted so I can get back on my feet
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and back to work as soon as I can yeah I think so especially with you being so uncomfortable.
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Yeah.
111
Okay.
112
So Imogen, what I'm going to do now is ask you a few more questions about your background
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because I've not met you before.
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Do you have any other medical conditions?
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Yeah, I've got hypothyroidism.
116
Okay.
117
Anything else?
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No. Have you had any surgeries before?
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No. And have you ever had any scans of your tummy?
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No. Okay.
121
Do you take medication?
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Yes, levothyroxine.
123
Do you know what dose you take?
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150, I think it is.
125
Okay.
126
Do you take any other medications? um nothing more prescribed i occasionally take gaviscone
127
but that's it okay and are you allergic to anything no are there any medical conditions
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that run in the family no and specifically in the family are there any bladder
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or kidney problems no okay
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and you mentioned already
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you're a police officer what's your living situation uh just live
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on my own okay do you smoke at all no do
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you drink alcohol um a couple of glasses of wine in a week okay
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and do you take any recreational drugs at all no okay
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so I'm just going to summarize back to you Imogen to make sure we've not missed anything
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so you've come to A &E today because you um you wake up
137
and you develop this severe pain on the right hand side going into the groin yeah um
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it's coming in waves it makes you feel quite sick
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when it comes on and you've been sick a couple of times
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and you've also noticed some pinkishness to your urine and you're worried
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that there's some blood there that's right you're worried
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this is something to do with your kidneys
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you were a bit worried about cancer although we know there's lots of different causes for blood in the urine
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and your main concerns the pain
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and getting back to work absolutely yeah okay is there anything you feel
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that i've missed there no i think that's everything do you have any questions for me no okay in
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that case that's all my questions
148
so thanks for your time imogen thank you today
149
i spoke to imogen mann a 32 year old police officer
150
who is presented to the a e department with right -sided
151
lower back pain Imogen describes sudden onset day of episodic right -sided loin to groin pain
152
which has a severity of up to 10 out of 10.
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This pain is cramping and has been severe enough to cause vomiting.
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Imogen has also noticed two episodes of pinkish hematuria without clots.
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She doesn't have dysuria or fever.
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Imogen has a past medical history of hypothyroidism for which she takes levothyroxine.
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She has no other medical conditions and takes no other regular medications.
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She has no known drug allergies.
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Imogen lives alone.
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She drinks up to 10 units of alcohol per week.
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She doesn't smoke or take recreational drugs.
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Imogen suspected that this could be a kidney problem.
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She did have concerns that there could be a cancer given the blood in her urine.
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Her other concerns are the level of pain and that she wants to get back to work.
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Her expectations are analgesia and investigations in A &E.
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Based on the information gathered so far the most likely differential diagnosis here is renal colic due to a ureteric stone.
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Other possible diagnoses would be a palonephritis.
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To complete my assessment today I would perform an abdominal examination and check vital signs.
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I'd perform bedside tests including urinalysis and and urinary pregnancy test.
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I will check bloods, including full blood count, user knees and CRP.
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Based on the likely diagnosis, it would be appropriate to consider further imaging, such as a CTKUB.
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Check out the GeekyMedics collection of over 1 ,000 OSCE stations.
173
You can practice with friends using our group study mode or chat with our amazing AI -powered virtual patients. so
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Renal Colic History”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：pain, imogen, blood, urine, noticed。 這段影片共有 173 個句子、1799 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 9:25。 說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 191 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 84% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。 全部 173 個句子中有 31 個是問句，適合練習疑問語調和簡短回答。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| urine 名詞 | /ˈjʊɹɪn/ | 尿, 小便 |
| symptom 名詞 | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | 症狀 /症狀, 病徵 /病徵 |
| uncomfortable 形容詞 | /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/ | 不舒服 |
| kidney 名詞 | /ˈkɪdni/ | 腎臟 /腎臟, 腎 /腎 |
| diagnosis 名詞 | /daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ | 診斷 /診斷 |
| medication 名詞 | /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ | 藥物 /藥物 |
| vomit 動詞 | /ˈvɑmɪt/ | 嘔吐 /嘔吐, 嘔 /嘔 |
| awful 形容詞 | /ˈɔːfʊl/ | 壞 /壞, 糟糕 |
| fever 名詞 | /ˈfivɚ/ | 發熱 /發熱, 發燒 /發燒 |
| bleed 動詞 | /ˈbliːd/ | 出血, 流血 |
| severity 名詞 | /səˈvɛɹ.ə.ti/ | 嚴厲 |
| bowel 名詞 | /ˈbaʊ.əl/ | 大腸 /大腸 |
| assessment 名詞 | /əˈsɛsmənt/ | 評價 /評價, 評估 /評估 |
| alongside | /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/ | 旁邊 /旁邊 |
| unusual 形容詞 | /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/ | 稀有 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| wake up 動詞 | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | 醒, 醒來 /醒來 |
| check out 動詞 | 退房 | |
| find out 動詞 | 找出, 查明 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- Was there any blood when you were vomiting?
- Have you noticed any other symptoms?
- Are you weeing more often than usual?
- Have you noticed any other symptoms at all?
- Is there anything else specifically that you're worried about?
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成進行時 have/has been + -ing — 以前開始、現在仍在繼續的動作 | I've just been having · you've been having |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | I've ever experienced · I've been given · I've never experienced |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | I've been given · is presented |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 56 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I've, I'm, you're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: breathe /bɹiːð/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/, hypothyroidism /ˌhaɪpəˈθaɪɹɔɪˌdɪzəm/, levothyroxine /ˌli.voʊ.θaɪˈɹɑkˌsin/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bl̩/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, severity /səˈvɛɹ.ə.ti/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/, fever /ˈfivɚ/, severity /səˈvɛɹ.ə.ti/, vital /ˈvaɪtəl/, virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: diagnosis /daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/, vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/, bleed /ˈbliːd/, assessment /əˈsɛsmənt/, alongside /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/, threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/, differential [dɪfəˈɹənʃəɫ], allergy /ˈæl.əɹ.d͡ʒi/, painkiller /ˈpeɪnˌkɪlə(ɹ)/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 urine, symptom, uncomfortable 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。