シャドーイング練習: Nitrates: Nursing Pharmacology - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
1
What?
2
you Nitrates are medications that come under the umbrella of a larger group called vasodilators, which dilate the walls of blood vessels.
3
Nitrates are primarily used to treat angina pectoris, which is pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle as well as hypertension and heart failure.
4
More recently, they've also been approved for the topical treatment of anal fissures.
5
Enjoying our Osmosis videos?
6
Unlock your full potential with an Osmosis subscription.
7
Get unlimited access to every Osmosis feature and resource with a free 7 -day trial.
8
The most commonly used nitrates include nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, and isosorbide mononitrate.
9
Out of these, nitroglycerin has a rapid and short -lasting action, so when treating acute anginal pain or hypertension,
10
it's typically given through rapidly absorbable routes, like sublingual, oral spray, or intravenously, to bypass the first -pass metabolism in the liver,
11
which would slow its absorption.
12
For long -term prevention, though, routes of administration can include transdermal patches, topical ointments, or extended -release oral capsules.
13
Nitroglycerin can also be administered rectally for the treatment of anal fissures.
14
On the other hand, isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide mononitrate have a longer duration of action and are typically administered orally as tablets,
15
or sustained release capsules which makes them useful for the long -term prevention of angina pectoris
16
or to treat clients with heart failure.
17
Once absorbed into the blood, nitrates quickly get converted into their active form,
18
called nitric oxide, Nitric oxide diffuses to the smooth muscle cells of both veins and arteries, causing wall relaxation and vasodilation.
19
The result of venous vasodilation is peripheral blood pooling, which in turn decreases the return of venous blood to the heart.
20
This way, nitrates predominantly reduce preload, which is the pressure that stretches the heart as it fills with blood from venous return.
21
At the same time, arterial vasodilation lowers the systemic vascular resistance, which will also reduce the afterload,
22
or the pressure that the heart must work against to eject the blood.
23
Ultimately, by reducing preload and afterload, nitrates reduce the amount of work the heart has to do, eventually decreasing the heart's oxygen consumption.
24
Nitrates also have a minor effect on the dilation of the coronary arteries, which helps increase oxygen delivery to heart tissue.
25
Common side effects of nitrates include headache, dizziness, flushing, nausea, and vomiting.
26
Another important side effect of nitrates is orthostatic hypotension, where the blood pressure falls significantly when the client stands up too quickly.
27
As a result, these clients could experience lightheadedness or syncope due to decreased blood flow to the brain.
28
In addition, clients may experience reflex tachycardia,
29
which is caused by the sympathetic system triggering an increase in heart rate in response to the hypotension caused by nitrates, in order to maintain tissue perfusion.
30
Now, clients who continuously use nitrates soon develop tolerance to these side effects.
31
Unfortunately, clients may also develop tolerance to the therapeutic effects of nitrates, especially with uninterrupted use.
32
Clients can prevent this by avoiding using nitrates for several hours each day.
33
Finally, nitrates are contraindicated in individuals with hypotension, hypovolemia, severe anemia, and cardiomyopathy.
34
Nitrates should be used carefully during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as well as in clients with increased intracranial pressure or cerebral hemorrhage,
35
renal or hepatic disease, and syncope.
36
As far as drug interactions go, nitrates should never be combined with other substances that cause vasodilation,
37
such as alcohol, Medications used to treat erectile dysfunction including sildenafil,
38
tadalafil, or vardenafil or antihypertensive agents like beta blockers or calcium channel blockers.
39
If taken together, their effects add up and may lead to a steep fall in blood pressure, cardiovascular collapse, and even death.
40
Now, before administering a nitrate,
41
complete a baseline assessment, including frequency and severity of angina pain and vital signs especially blood pressure.
42
Review their health history for angina risk factors, such as hypertension.
43
Next, check your client's latest laboratory report including CBC, hepatic and renal function, as well as their lipid profile.
44
Then be sure they understand how angina happens, and explain how the medication helps reduce or prevent angina by improving blood flow to the heart.
45
Lastly, after administering the nitrate, remain with your client and continuously monitor their vital signs, especially blood pressure.
46
Continue to assess for worsening symptoms, such as chest pain and side effects, and for the desired therapeutic response.
47
Ok, when teaching your client about sublingual nitroglycerin, explain that nitrates are sensitive to light,
48
moisture and heat, so advise them to store their nitroglycerin pills in their original container at room temperature
49
but also remind them to carry a small number of their pills with them at all times.
50
Teach them that taking a sip of water before putting their pill under their tongue will help it dissolve
51
and get into their system faster.
52
In addition, let them know that it's normal for them to feel a slight burning
53
or tingling under their tongue while the medication dissolves.
54
Be sure to remind your client to not swallow the medication
55
and instruct them to avoid eating or drinking anything for 15 minutes after administration to ensure the medication is fully absorbed.
56
Let them know about common side effects they may experience, such as headache, which can be managed with acetaminophen,
57
and orthostatic hypotension, which can increase the risk of falls.
58
So teach your client to make position changes slowly, especially if they feel lightheaded.
59
Lastly, stress the importance of avoiding other substances that can excessively lower blood pressure, such as alcohol and medications used for erectile dysfunction.
60
If your client experiences angina with activity, remind them to take the nitroglycerin prior to precipitating activities or situations,
61
such as playing sports or mowing the lawn.
62
If they're taking the nitrate for acute angina, instruct them to call emergency services if the pain does not resolve within five minutes after one dose.
63
While awaiting emergency care to arrive, let them know that they may take a second and third dose five minutes apart.
64
Now, if your client is prescribed transdermal nitroglycerin patches, instruct them to apply a new patch each day on a hairless part of their body.
65
To prevent the development of nitrate tolerance, stress the importance of incorporating about 12 hours of nitrate free time every 24 hours, usually during the night.
66
For example, if your client has angina with activity, instruct them to apply their patch at 8 a .m and then remove it at 8 p .m.
67
Finally, remind your client to take their medication as directed, and warn them that stopping abruptly could result in vasospasm.
68
Alright, as a quick recap, nitrates are medications mainly used to treat angina pectoris, hypertension, and heart failure.
69
Once administered, nitrates are quickly converted into their active form, nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation and ultimately reduces preload and afterload.
70
while improving blood flow through the coronary arteries.
71
Clients who are prescribed nitrates should be advised about side effects, including headache, dizziness, flushing, nausea,
72
orthostatic hypotension, and reflex tachycardia.
73
Nitrates should be avoided in clients with problems such as hypotension and hypovolemia, and they should never be combined with other substances that cause vasodilation,
74
such as alcohol or medications for erectile dysfunction.
75
Finally, continuous administration of nitrates can lead to tolerance, and clients can prevent this by avoiding using nitrates for several hours each day.
76
Helping current and future clinicians focus, learn, retain, and thrive.
77
Learn more.
📺 同じチャンネル
C13
Pneumothorax - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology
University StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Asthma
University StudentsWorking Adults
C13
Clinical Cuts: B-Cell Activation, Differentiation, & Contraction
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
C12
Myasthenia gravis
University StudentsWorking Adults
C1Gallstones (cholelithiasis)
University StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Bell palsy
University StudentsWorking Adults
C18
Emotional and mental health needs
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C17
Introduction to the immune system
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
C1Tuberculosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
✨ おすすめ動画
C12
743 文
Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Test 50 NCLEX Questions and Answers with Rationales 2026
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
90 文
Basics of prescription filling
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
72 文
Blood Flow Through the Heart (Made Easy in 5 Minutes!)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
79 文
5 Foods That Naturally Decrease Cortisol, the Stress Hormone
American AccentBusiness EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
187 文
Why Your Knee Hurts (And What To Do About It!)
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
26 文
Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs) and Hand Hygiene - Fundamentals of Nursing | @LevelUpRN
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
90 文
(English) Acute high grade MCA stenosis PTA and Stenting
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
35 文
Natural Gas 101
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
48 文
Pharmaceutical Industry Overview | Pharma and Biotech: Distinctions | Understanding Pharmaceuticals
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
4 文
Ambr®️ 250 High Throughput Perfusion Product Tutorial - Learn with Sartorius
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
163 文
The 2025 Step by Step Guide to PASSING your NEBOSH NG1/IG1 OBE Open Book Exam FIRST TIME!
Business EnglishInterview EnglishUniversity Students
C13
130 文
This Is What Happens When You Rely on Stimulants - Andrew Huberman
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
このビデオで話す練習をする理由
心臓の血液循環に関連する医療の知識を深めるためには、専門用語や薬剤について学ぶことが非常に重要です。このビデオでは、硝酸薬（ニトログリセリンやイソソルビドなど）について詳しく説明されています。英語シャドーイングを実践することで、専門的な医学用語を自然に学び、スピーキング能力を向上させることができます。また、日常的な医療シナリオを想定した会話を練習することで、より自信を持って専門的な状況で英語を使うことができるようになります。
文法と表現の文脈
このビデオには、いくつかの重要な文法構造と表現が含まれています。以下はその一部です：
- 動名詞の使用: 「掛かる」や「減少する」などの動名詞を使って、効果や作用を説明しています。
- 仮定法: 「もし～ならば」という仮定法を使用した例が多く、条件や予測についての理解を深めます。
- 受動態: 「硝酸薬が使用される」など、受動態を用いることで、行為の受け手に焦点を当てています。
- 現在完了形: 「使用したことがある」など、経験や過去からの継続を表現する際に使われています。
これらの文法構造を理解し、 shadowspeaks を活用して練習することによって、英会話のスキルを向上させることができます。
一般的な発音の罠
ビデオ内で注意すべき発音のポイントは以下の通りです：
- 「nitrates」（ナイトレイツ）: 日本語では聴き慣れない音を含んでいるため、特に注意が必要です。
- 「vasodilators」（バソダイレイターズ）: 複雑な音節が含まれており、スムーズに発音する練習が必要です。
- 「orthostatic hypotension」（立位性低血圧）: この言葉は長く、発音する際に息が続かないことがあります。
これらの単語を YouTubeで英語学習 しながら練習すると、より流暢に話せるようになるでしょう。発音の改善は、英会話表現の正確性を高めるために非常に重要です。
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 「used to」 used to + 動詞 — 今はもう違う過去の習慣や状態 | used to treat |
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | been approved · be administered · is caused |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | pectoris, which is · capsules which makes · preload, which is |
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。