跟讀練習: Stem Cells - 通過影片學習英語口語
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34 句
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1
The human body contains organs such as bones, the brain, heart, and reproductive organs.
2
The basic cells that give rise to all of the different cells in these organs are called stem cells.
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One type of stem cell is an egg cell from a woman that has been fertilized by a sperm from a man.
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This single cell, called a zygote, is the first cell in a developing human being.
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It's also called a totipotent stem cell because it can form any type of cell in the body,
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as well as the umbilical cord and placenta.
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After a zygote has divided a few times, it becomes an early-stage embryo called a blastocyst.
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Embryonic stem cells come from the cells inside the blastocyst.
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Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent.
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This means they can form any cell in the body, but not the cells in the umbilical cord or placenta.
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In the lab, embryonic stem cells are donated from leftover embryos created during in vitro fertilization.
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In vitro fertilization is a procedure to help a woman become pregnant.
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Another type of stem cell is an adult stem cell.
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Small groups of these cells are found in some organs, such as the skin, after birth, and into adulthood.
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Adult stem cells are multipodent.
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This means they can only become a few different cell types related to the organ where they're found.
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For example, the skin contains a small number of adult stem cells that can divide to create new skin adult stem cells.
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Or, they can become more specialized skin cells to replace those that are lost due to cell aging or damage.
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In the lab, scientists can now induce or cause a regular body cell, such as a skin cell,
20
to change into a pluripotent stem cell.
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Like embryonic stem cells, these induced pluripotent stem cells can become any type of cell in the body.
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Scientists study stem cells to learn how and why they become many different types of cells.
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In the future, these cells may be used to regrow tissues and organs that have been damaged by injury or disease.
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Stem cell therapy is a procedure that uses stem cells to treat a disease or condition.
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Currently, stem cell therapy only treats diseases and cancers of the blood.
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In leukemia, for example, the patient's bone marrow makes many abnormal white blood cells that can't do their job to fight infection.
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Over time, these abnormal cells crowd out the production of healthy white blood cells.
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In stem cell therapy for leukemia, called hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,
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a a doctor will take a sample of blood or bone marrow from the patient or a donor.
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In some cases, donor blood may come from a baby's umbilical cord after it's born.
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These tissue samples contain healthy hematopoietic or blood-forming stem cells.
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Then, doctors will give the patient chemotherapy drugs or use radiation to kill the abnormal white blood cells and their stem cells.
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Once the abnormal cells are gone, the doctor will transplant the healthy hematopoietic stem cells from the tissue samples into the patient.
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These healthy stem cells will make new blood cells, including normal white blood cells, which will allow the body to fight off infections.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 34 個句子、536 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 4:39。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 115 個詞，很適合跟讀。 只有 76% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| organ 名詞 | /ˈɔːɡən/ | 器官 |
| abnormal 形容詞 | /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ | 異常 /異常 |
| bone 名詞 | /boʊn/ | гўдў, гўдўзы |
| tissue 名詞 | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | 紙巾 |
| cord 名詞 | /ˈkoɹd/ | 繩 /繩, 繩子 /繩子 |
| procedure 名詞 | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | 做法, 方法 |
| infection 名詞 | /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ | 傳染 /傳染 |
| scientist 名詞 | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | 科學家 /科學家 |
| divide 動詞 | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | 分, 分裂 |
| donor 名詞 | /ˈdəʊnə/ | 捐贈者 /捐贈者 |
| marrow 名詞 | /ˈmæɹəʊ/ | 髓, 骨髓 |
| radiation 名詞 | /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ | 放射, 輻射 /輻射 |
| donate 動詞 | /ˈdoʊˌneɪt/ | 捐獻 /捐獻, 捐贈 /捐贈 |
| transplant 動詞 | /tɹænzˈplænt/ | 移植 |
| adulthood 名詞 | 成年 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | are called · has been fertilized · are donated |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has been fertilized · has divided · have been damaged |
需要注意的發音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, reproductive /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌktɪv/, chemotherapy /ˌkiːməʊˈθɛɹəpi/, embryonic /ˈɛm.bɹi.ɒn.ɪk/, pluripotent /plʊəˈɹɪpətənt/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 organ, abnormal, bone 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。