跟读练习: Stem Cells - 通过视频学习英语口语
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34 句
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The human body contains organs such as bones, the brain, heart, and reproductive organs.
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The basic cells that give rise to all of the different cells in these organs are called stem cells.
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One type of stem cell is an egg cell from a woman that has been fertilized by a sperm from a man.
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This single cell, called a zygote, is the first cell in a developing human being.
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It's also called a totipotent stem cell because it can form any type of cell in the body,
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as well as the umbilical cord and placenta.
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After a zygote has divided a few times, it becomes an early-stage embryo called a blastocyst.
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Embryonic stem cells come from the cells inside the blastocyst.
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Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent.
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This means they can form any cell in the body, but not the cells in the umbilical cord or placenta.
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In the lab, embryonic stem cells are donated from leftover embryos created during in vitro fertilization.
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In vitro fertilization is a procedure to help a woman become pregnant.
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Another type of stem cell is an adult stem cell.
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Small groups of these cells are found in some organs, such as the skin, after birth, and into adulthood.
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Adult stem cells are multipodent.
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This means they can only become a few different cell types related to the organ where they're found.
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For example, the skin contains a small number of adult stem cells that can divide to create new skin adult stem cells.
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Or, they can become more specialized skin cells to replace those that are lost due to cell aging or damage.
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In the lab, scientists can now induce or cause a regular body cell, such as a skin cell,
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to change into a pluripotent stem cell.
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Like embryonic stem cells, these induced pluripotent stem cells can become any type of cell in the body.
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Scientists study stem cells to learn how and why they become many different types of cells.
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In the future, these cells may be used to regrow tissues and organs that have been damaged by injury or disease.
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Stem cell therapy is a procedure that uses stem cells to treat a disease or condition.
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Currently, stem cell therapy only treats diseases and cancers of the blood.
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In leukemia, for example, the patient's bone marrow makes many abnormal white blood cells that can't do their job to fight infection.
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Over time, these abnormal cells crowd out the production of healthy white blood cells.
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In stem cell therapy for leukemia, called hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,
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a a doctor will take a sample of blood or bone marrow from the patient or a donor.
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In some cases, donor blood may come from a baby's umbilical cord after it's born.
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These tissue samples contain healthy hematopoietic or blood-forming stem cells.
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Then, doctors will give the patient chemotherapy drugs or use radiation to kill the abnormal white blood cells and their stem cells.
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Once the abnormal cells are gone, the doctor will transplant the healthy hematopoietic stem cells from the tissue samples into the patient.
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These healthy stem cells will make new blood cells, including normal white blood cells, which will allow the body to fight off infections.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这段视频共有 34 个句子、536 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 4:39。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 115 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 76% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| organ 名词 | /ˈɔːɡən/ | 器官 |
| abnormal 形容词 | /ˌæbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ | 異常 /异常 |
| bone 名词 | /boʊn/ | гўдў, гўдўзы |
| tissue 名词 | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | 纸巾 |
| cord 名词 | /ˈkoɹd/ | 繩 /绳, 繩子 /绳子 |
| procedure 名词 | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | 做法, 方法 |
| infection 名词 | /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ | 傳染 /传染 |
| scientist 名词 | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | 科學家 /科学家 |
| divide 动词 | /dɪˈvaɪd/ | 分, 分裂 |
| donor 名词 | /ˈdəʊnə/ | 捐贈者 /捐赠者 |
| marrow 名词 | /ˈmæɹəʊ/ | 髓, 骨髓 |
| radiation 名词 | /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ | 放射, 輻射 /辐射 |
| donate 动词 | /ˈdoʊˌneɪt/ | 捐獻 /捐献, 捐贈 /捐赠 |
| transplant 动词 | /tɹænzˈplænt/ | 移植 |
| adulthood 名词 | 成年 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | are called · has been fertilized · are donated |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has been fertilized · has divided · have been damaged |
需要注意的发音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, reproductive /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌktɪv/, chemotherapy /ˌkiːməʊˈθɛɹəpi/, embryonic /ˈɛm.bɹi.ɒn.ɪk/, pluripotent /plʊəˈɹɪpətənt/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 organ, abnormal, bone 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。