跟读练习: Car Engine Parts & Their Functions Explained in Details | The Engineers Post - 通过视频学习英语口语
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An engine is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy.
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Heat engines burn fuel to create heat which is then used to do work.
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It is a complex machine built to convert heat from burning gas into the force that turns the wheels.
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The chain of reactions that achieve that objective is set in motion by a spark, which ignites a mixture of petrol,
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vapor, and compressed air inside a momentarily sealed cylinder, and causes it to burn rapidly.
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The engine has two types, one is the internal combustion engine, and another one is the external combustion engine.
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The internal combustion engine is those heat engines that burn their fuel inside the engine cylinder.
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External combustion engines are those heat engine that burns their fuel outside the cylinder.
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The engine is one of the most essential parts of the automobile industries
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or we can also say that the engine is the heart of an automobile.
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So in this video we'll take a look at the function and construction of each engine parts of an internal combustion engine.
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The main parts of an car engine are cylinder block,
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cylinder head, oil pan, Manifolds Gasket
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And Piston A piston ring Piston
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pin Connecting rod Crankshaft Camshaft Flywheels Rod bearing Main bearings And bearing caps
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Now let's take a look at each of engine parts with details starting with cylinder block.
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It is the basic framework for the engine and one of the main part of an engine.
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A cylinder block consists of three parts.
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The cylinder in which the piston slid up and down, the port or opening for the valves, the passages for the flow of cooling water.
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The cylinder block is usually made of gray cast iron
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or aluminium and its alloys while the crank case is fixed to its bottom.
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Apart from these other parts like timing gear, water pump, ignition distributor, flywheel,
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fuel pump are also attached to it.
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Coolant passages are provided in the cylinder walls for the circulation of cooling waters.
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Cylinder block also carries lubrication oil to various components through drilled passages that is called oil galleries.
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Cylinder head.
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The cylinder head is another main part of an engine.
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It is a joint between the cylinder head and cylinder block.
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It is usually made up of cast iron and aluminium alloy.
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The cylinder head is attached to the cylinder block using studs fixed to the block gaskets, which are used to provide a tight leak proof joint between the head and block.
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The cylinder head contains a combustion chamber above each cylinder, and it also contains valve guides,
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valve seats, ports, coolant jackets, and threaded holes, four spark plugs.
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It incorporates passages for the flow of cooling water.
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There are three different types of cylinder head is available that depends upon the valve and port layout.
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Loop flow type, offset cross flow type and inline cross flow type.
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In the loop flow type, the inlet and the exhaust manifolds are on the same side, which facilitates preheating of the intake air.
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In the offset cross flow type, the inlet and the exhaust manifolds are placed on different sides of the cylinder head.
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In the inline cross flow type, the valve is positioned transversely and usually inclined to each other,
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while the inlet and the exhaust manifolds are on different sides of the cylinder head.
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This arrangement gives better performance, but it is costlier.
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Crank case.
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The oil pan and the lower part of the cylinder block together are called the crankcase.
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It is the bottom portion of the cylinder block, in which the crankshaft is fitted.
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This is a rigid construction made of grey cast iron or aluminium.
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Either it can be cast integrally with the block, or can be cast separately, and attached to the block with bolts.
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The crankcase is shaped simply like a box, having no bottom surface.
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The function of the crankcase is to provide support for the main journals and bearing of the crankshaft,
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rigidly maintaining the alignment of their axes of rotation under various engine loads.
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Oil Pan The bottom half of the crankcase is called the oil pan or sump.
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It is attached to the crankcase through set screws and with a gasket to make the joint leak proof.
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The oil pan serves as a reservoir for the storage, cooling, and ventilation of engine lubricating oil.
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At the bottom of the oil sump, a drain plug is provided to drain out the dirty oil, at the time of oil replacement.
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Generally, the sump is made of pressed steel sheet, or aluminium alloy casting is also used.
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The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan, and sends it to all working parts in the engine.
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The oil drains off and runs down into the pan.
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Thus, there is a constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine.
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Manifolds There are separate sets of pipes attached to the cylinder head, which carries the air -fuel mixture and the exhaust gases, these are called manifolds.
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It is generally made of cast iron, so that it can withstand the high temperature of the exhaust gases.
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Gaskets Gaskets are used to provide a tight fitting joint between two surfaces.
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Gaskets are found in the joint between the cylinder head and the cylinder block, between the crankcase and oil pan,
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and in between the cylinder block and manifold.
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materials used for gaskets are cork asbestos rubber gaskets produced by
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the fuel pro USA are cylinder head gaskets oil pan gaskets manifold gaskets
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and pump gaskets cylinder liners the cylindrical shape liners are used to avoid the cylinder wear.
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It is one of the most important functional part to make up the interior of an engine.
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Cylinder liners can be replaced after they are worn out.
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These are made of special alloy iron containing silicon, manganese, nickel and chromium.
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Usually these are cast centrifugally.
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These liners resistance to wear and corrosion and are the oil hardening type that offers considerably longer life for the engine.
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There are two types of cylinder liners will be available, they are dry liners and wet liners.
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Dry liner is made in the shape of a barrel with a flange at the top which keeps it into position.
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The entire outer surface bears against the cylinder block casting and hence these are machined accurately at both outer and interfaces.
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Wet liners will be in direct contact with the cooling water at their outer face.
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Because of this, these liners need not be machined very accurately at the outer surface.
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However, they have been machined accurately at the inner surface.
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Pistons.
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These are the most important engine parts compared to others.
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The piston is a cylindrical plug that moves up and down in the cylinder.
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It helps to convert pressure energy obtained by the combustion of fuel into useful mechanical power
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and it transfer this power to the crankshaft through the connecting rod.
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The highest position of the piston reaches in the cylinder is called the top dead center
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and the lowest position it reaches is called the bottom dead center.
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It is provided with about three to five piston rings that provides a good seal between the cylinder wall and piston.
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The efficiency and economy of the engine is primarily depend on the working of the piston.
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The material used for the piston is mainly cast iron and aluminium alloy.
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It may be either cast or forged.
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The piston is usually small in diameter than the bore of the cylinder.
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The space between the cylinder and the cylinder wall is called the piston clearance.
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This piston clearance provides a space for a layer of lubricant between the piston
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and cylinder wall to reduce friction generally pissed Piston clearance is 0 .025 mm to 0 .100 mm.
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Piston Rings
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The piston rings are fitted into the grooves of the piston to maintain a good seal between the piston
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and the cylinder wall.
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The function of piston rings is to form a seal for
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the high -pressure gases from the combustion chamber entering into the crankcase.
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The material generally used for piston rings is fine -grained alloy cast iron containing silicon and manganese.
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It has good heat and wear -resisting qualities.
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Mainly there are two types of piston rings available.
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They are compression rings and oil control rings.
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The number of piston rings used is about two to four compression rings and one to two oil control ring was used.
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Connecting Rod It is fitted in between the piston and crankshaft.
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The main function of the connecting rod is to convert the
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reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft.
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Connecting rod in an IC engine is must be light and strong enough to withstand stress and twisting forces.
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It usually has I -beam cross section and is made of alloy steel of duralumin by drop forging.
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The small end of the connecting rod has either a solid eye used to connect the piston by the piston pin.
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The big end of the connecting rod is always split and it is used to connect the crank pin of the crankshaft.
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Piston Pin The piston pin is also called wrist pin or gudgeon pin.
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It is used for connecting the small end of the connecting rod and the piston.
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It is made hollow to reduce weight and it is made from case hardened steel.
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Mainly there are three types of piston pins available.
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They are set screw types piston pin.
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This pin is fastened to the piston by a set screw.
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Semi -floating piston pin.
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It is fastened to the connecting rod with the clamp screw.
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Fully floating piston pin.
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The pin floats in both the piston bosses and the small end of connecting rod.
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It is prevented from coming in contact with the cylinder wall by two circlips.
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Crankshaft.
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The crankshaft is the engine component from which the power is taken.
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It is one of the main power transmission sources in all engine parts.
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It is the first part of the power transmission system, in which the reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into the rotating motion with the help of connecting rod.
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The crankshaft is made of casting or forging of heat -treated alloy steel and is machined.
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A crankshaft consists of crankpins, weds, balancing weight and main journals, and oil holes.
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The front end of the crankshaft carries three devices.
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They are a gear that drives the camshaft, the vibration damper to control torsional vibration, and the fan belt pulley.
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This pulley drives the engine fan, water pump, and generator with a V -belt.
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The rear end of the crankshaft carries flywheel.
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The flywheel tends to keep the crankshaft running at constant.
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Camshaft A camshaft is a shaft on which cams are mounted.
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A cam is a device that changes the rotary motion of the camshaft into the linear motion of the follower.
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It is responsible for the opening of the valves.
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A camshaft has several cams along the length.
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The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft.
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And it has twice the gears as many teeth as the gear on the crankshaft
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and it turns at half the speed of the crankshaft.
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Camshaft made from forged alloy steel.
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There are three types of the camshaft drive mechanism.
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They are gear drive, chain drive and belt drive.
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Flywheel The flywheel used in a transmission system of a vehicle.
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A flywheel is a heavy steel wheel attached to the rear end of the crankshaft.
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The size of the flywheel depends upon the number of cylinders and the construction of the engine.
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The inertia of the flywheel tends to keep the running of the crankshaft at a constant speed.
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Engine valves These are essential to control the timing of air fuel mixture, entry into the cylinder, and combustion products out of the cylinders.
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Engine valves are located at the inlet and outlet opening of the engine cylinder.
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The valves fit on the valve seats in their closed position.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“Car Engine Parts & Their Functions Explained in Details”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：cylinder, piston, engine, oil, crankshaft。 这段视频共有 150 个句子、2058 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 15:23。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 134 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 72% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| cylinder 名词 | /ˈsɪləndɚ/ | 圓柱體 /圆柱体, 圓柱 /圆柱 |
| piston 名词 | /ˈpɪstən/ | 活塞, 鞲鞴 |
| crankshaft 名词 | 曲軸 /曲轴 | |
| gasket 名词 | /ˈɡæs.kɪt/ | 墊片 /垫片, 膠圈 /胶圈 |
| liner 名词 | /ˈlaɪnɚ/ | 郵船 /邮船 |
| camshaft 名词 | /ˈkæmʃæft/ | 凸輪軸 /凸轮轴 |
| combustion 名词 | /kəmˈbʌs.t͡ʃən/ | 燃燒 /燃烧 |
| alloy 名词 | /ˈæ.lɔɪ/ | 合金 |
| flywheel 名词 | 飛輪 /飞轮 | |
| manifold 形容词 | /ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/ | 雜多的 /杂多的 |
| aluminium 名词 | /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.i.əm/ | 鋁 /铝, 鋼種 /钢种 |
| exhaust 动词 | /ɪɡˈzɔst/ | 抽完 |
| forge 名词 | /fɔɹd͡ʒ/ | 鐵匠鋪 /铁匠铺 |
| crank 名词 | /ˈkɹæŋk/ | 曲柄 |
| float 动词 | /fləʊt/ | 浮, 漂浮 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| make up 动词 | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | 組成 /组成 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | is set · is usually made · is fixed |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | heat which is · gaskets, which are |
需要注意的发音
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: camshaft /ˈkæmʃæft/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, compression /kəmˈpɹɛʃ.ən/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: aluminium /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.i.əm/, accurately /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt.li/, cylindrical /sɪˈlɪndɹɪkəl/, reciprocate /ɹɪˈsɪpɹəˌkeɪt/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, vapor /ˈveɪpɚ/, ventilation /ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, groove /ɡɹuv/, reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: gasket /ˈɡæs.kɪt/, camshaft /ˈkæmʃæft/, manifold /ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/, exhaust /ɪɡˈzɔst/, inlet /ˈɪnlət/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: accurately /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt.li/, cylindrical /sɪˈlɪndɹɪkəl/, lubricate /ˈluːbrɪkeɪt/, lubricant /ˈlubɹəkənt/, lubrication /ˌluː.bɹɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 cylinder, piston, crankshaft 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。