쉐도잉 연습: Car Engine Parts & Their Functions Explained in Details | The Engineers Post - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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An engine is a machine designed to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy.
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Heat engines burn fuel to create heat which is then used to do work.
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It is a complex machine built to convert heat from burning gas into the force that turns the wheels.
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The chain of reactions that achieve that objective is set in motion by a spark, which ignites a mixture of petrol,
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vapor, and compressed air inside a momentarily sealed cylinder, and causes it to burn rapidly.
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The engine has two types, one is the internal combustion engine, and another one is the external combustion engine.
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The internal combustion engine is those heat engines that burn their fuel inside the engine cylinder.
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External combustion engines are those heat engine that burns their fuel outside the cylinder.
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The engine is one of the most essential parts of the automobile industries
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or we can also say that the engine is the heart of an automobile.
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So in this video we'll take a look at the function and construction of each engine parts of an internal combustion engine.
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So be sure to like this video subscribe to the channel
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and press the bell icon to get notifications of our new videos.
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The main parts of an car engine are cylinder block,
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cylinder head, oil pan, Manifolds Gasket
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And Piston A piston ring Piston
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pin Connecting rod Crankshaft Camshaft Flywheels Rod bearing Main bearings And bearing caps
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Now let's take a look at each of engine parts with details starting with cylinder block.
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It is the basic framework for the engine and one of the main part of an engine.
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A cylinder block consists of three parts.
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The cylinder in which the piston slid up and down, the port or opening for the valves, the passages for the flow of cooling water.
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The cylinder block is usually made of gray cast iron
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or aluminium and its alloys while the crank case is fixed to its bottom.
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Apart from these other parts like timing gear, water pump, ignition distributor, flywheel,
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fuel pump are also attached to it.
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Coolant passages are provided in the cylinder walls for the circulation of cooling waters.
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Cylinder block also carries lubrication oil to various components through drilled passages that is called oil galleries.
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Cylinder head.
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The cylinder head is another main part of an engine.
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It is a joint between the cylinder head and cylinder block.
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It is usually made up of cast iron and aluminium alloy.
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The cylinder head is attached to the cylinder block using studs fixed to the block gaskets, which are used to provide a tight leak proof joint between the head and block.
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The cylinder head contains a combustion chamber above each cylinder, and it also contains valve guides,
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valve seats, ports, coolant jackets, and threaded holes, four spark plugs.
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It incorporates passages for the flow of cooling water.
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There are three different types of cylinder head is available that depends upon the valve and port layout.
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Loop flow type, offset cross flow type and inline cross flow type.
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In the loop flow type, the inlet and the exhaust manifolds are on the same side, which facilitates preheating of the intake air.
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In the offset cross flow type, the inlet and the exhaust manifolds are placed on different sides of the cylinder head.
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In the inline cross flow type, the valve is positioned transversely and usually inclined to each other,
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while the inlet and the exhaust manifolds are on different sides of the cylinder head.
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This arrangement gives better performance, but it is costlier.
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Crank case.
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The oil pan and the lower part of the cylinder block together are called the crankcase.
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It is the bottom portion of the cylinder block, in which the crankshaft is fitted.
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This is a rigid construction made of grey cast iron or aluminium.
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Either it can be cast integrally with the block, or can be cast separately, and attached to the block with bolts.
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The crankcase is shaped simply like a box, having no bottom surface.
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The function of the crankcase is to provide support for the main journals and bearing of the crankshaft,
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rigidly maintaining the alignment of their axes of rotation under various engine loads.
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Oil Pan The bottom half of the crankcase is called the oil pan or sump.
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It is attached to the crankcase through set screws and with a gasket to make the joint leak proof.
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The oil pan serves as a reservoir for the storage, cooling, and ventilation of engine lubricating oil.
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At the bottom of the oil sump, a drain plug is provided to drain out the dirty oil, at the time of oil replacement.
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Generally, the sump is made of pressed steel sheet, or aluminium alloy casting is also used.
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The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan, and sends it to all working parts in the engine.
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The oil drains off and runs down into the pan.
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Thus, there is a constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine.
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Manifolds There are separate sets of pipes attached to the cylinder head, which carries the air -fuel mixture and the exhaust gases, these are called manifolds.
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It is generally made of cast iron, so that it can withstand the high temperature of the exhaust gases.
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Gaskets Gaskets are used to provide a tight fitting joint between two surfaces.
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Gaskets are found in the joint between the cylinder head and the cylinder block, between the crankcase and oil pan,
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and in between the cylinder block and manifold.
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materials used for gaskets are cork asbestos rubber gaskets produced by
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the fuel pro USA are cylinder head gaskets oil pan gaskets manifold gaskets
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and pump gaskets cylinder liners the cylindrical shape liners are used to avoid the cylinder wear.
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It is one of the most important functional part to make up the interior of an engine.
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Cylinder liners can be replaced after they are worn out.
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These are made of special alloy iron containing silicon, manganese, nickel and chromium.
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Usually these are cast centrifugally.
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These liners resistance to wear and corrosion and are the oil hardening type that offers considerably longer life for the engine.
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There are two types of cylinder liners will be available, they are dry liners and wet liners.
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Dry liner is made in the shape of a barrel with a flange at the top which keeps it into position.
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The entire outer surface bears against the cylinder block casting and hence these are machined accurately at both outer and interfaces.
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Wet liners will be in direct contact with the cooling water at their outer face.
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Because of this, these liners need not be machined very accurately at the outer surface.
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However, they have been machined accurately at the inner surface.
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Pistons.
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These are the most important engine parts compared to others.
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The piston is a cylindrical plug that moves up and down in the cylinder.
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It helps to convert pressure energy obtained by the combustion of fuel into useful mechanical power
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and it transfer this power to the crankshaft through the connecting rod.
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The highest position of the piston reaches in the cylinder is called the top dead center
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and the lowest position it reaches is called the bottom dead center.
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It is provided with about three to five piston rings that provides a good seal between the cylinder wall and piston.
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The efficiency and economy of the engine is primarily depend on the working of the piston.
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The material used for the piston is mainly cast iron and aluminium alloy.
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It may be either cast or forged.
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The piston is usually small in diameter than the bore of the cylinder.
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The space between the cylinder and the cylinder wall is called the piston clearance.
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This piston clearance provides a space for a layer of lubricant between the piston
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and cylinder wall to reduce friction generally pissed Piston clearance is 0 .025 mm to 0 .100 mm.
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Piston Rings
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The piston rings are fitted into the grooves of the piston to maintain a good seal between the piston
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and the cylinder wall.
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The function of piston rings is to form a seal for
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the high -pressure gases from the combustion chamber entering into the crankcase.
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The material generally used for piston rings is fine -grained alloy cast iron containing silicon and manganese.
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It has good heat and wear -resisting qualities.
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Mainly there are two types of piston rings available.
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They are compression rings and oil control rings.
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The number of piston rings used is about two to four compression rings and one to two oil control ring was used.
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Connecting Rod It is fitted in between the piston and crankshaft.
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The main function of the connecting rod is to convert the
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reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft.
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Connecting rod in an IC engine is must be light and strong enough to withstand stress and twisting forces.
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It usually has I -beam cross section and is made of alloy steel of duralumin by drop forging.
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The small end of the connecting rod has either a solid eye used to connect the piston by the piston pin.
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The big end of the connecting rod is always split and it is used to connect the crank pin of the crankshaft.
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Piston Pin The piston pin is also called wrist pin or gudgeon pin.
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It is used for connecting the small end of the connecting rod and the piston.
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It is made hollow to reduce weight and it is made from case hardened steel.
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Mainly there are three types of piston pins available.
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They are set screw types piston pin.
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This pin is fastened to the piston by a set screw.
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Semi -floating piston pin.
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It is fastened to the connecting rod with the clamp screw.
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Fully floating piston pin.
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The pin floats in both the piston bosses and the small end of connecting rod.
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It is prevented from coming in contact with the cylinder wall by two circlips.
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Crankshaft.
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The crankshaft is the engine component from which the power is taken.
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It is one of the main power transmission sources in all engine parts.
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It is the first part of the power transmission system, in which the reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into the rotating motion with the help of connecting rod.
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The crankshaft is made of casting or forging of heat -treated alloy steel and is machined.
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A crankshaft consists of crankpins, weds, balancing weight and main journals, and oil holes.
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The front end of the crankshaft carries three devices.
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They are a gear that drives the camshaft, the vibration damper to control torsional vibration, and the fan belt pulley.
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This pulley drives the engine fan, water pump, and generator with a V -belt.
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The rear end of the crankshaft carries flywheel.
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The flywheel tends to keep the crankshaft running at constant.
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Camshaft A camshaft is a shaft on which cams are mounted.
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A cam is a device that changes the rotary motion of the camshaft into the linear motion of the follower.
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It is responsible for the opening of the valves.
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A camshaft has several cams along the length.
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The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft.
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And it has twice the gears as many teeth as the gear on the crankshaft
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and it turns at half the speed of the crankshaft.
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Camshaft made from forged alloy steel.
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There are three types of the camshaft drive mechanism.
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They are gear drive, chain drive and belt drive.
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Flywheel The flywheel used in a transmission system of a vehicle.
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A flywheel is a heavy steel wheel attached to the rear end of the crankshaft.
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The size of the flywheel depends upon the number of cylinders and the construction of the engine.
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The inertia of the flywheel tends to keep the running of the crankshaft at a constant speed.
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Engine valves These are essential to control the timing of air fuel mixture, entry into the cylinder, and combustion products out of the cylinders.
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Engine valves are located at the inlet and outlet opening of the engine cylinder.
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The valves fit on the valve seats in their closed position.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 C1 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Car Engine Parts & Their Functions Explained in Details”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: cylinder, piston, engine, oil, crankshaft. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 150개와 단어 2058개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 15:23입니다. 화자는 분당 약 134단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 72%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| cylinder 명사 | /ˈsɪləndɚ/ | 원기둥, 실린더 |
| piston 명사 | /ˈpɪstən/ | 피스톤 |
| gasket 명사 | /ˈɡæs.kɪt/ | 개스켓, 개스킷 |
| combustion 명사 | /kəmˈbʌs.t͡ʃən/ | 연소 |
| alloy 명사 | /ˈæ.lɔɪ/ | 합금 |
| flywheel 명사 | 플라이휠 | |
| aluminium 명사 | /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.i.əm/ | 알루미늄, 경은 |
| forge 명사 | /fɔɹd͡ʒ/ | 대장간 |
| drain 명사 | /dɹiːn/ | 배수구 |
| coolant 명사 | /ˈkuːlənt/ | 냉각제, 랭각제 |
| cylindrical 형용사 | /sɪˈlɪndɹɪkəl/ | 원통형의 |
| manganese 명사 | /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌniz/ | 망간, 망가니즈 |
| pulley 명사 | /ˈpʊli/ | 도르래 |
| vibration 명사 | /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/ | 진동 |
| withstand 동사 | /wɪðˈstænd/ | 맞서다, 버티다 |
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | is set · is usually made · is fixed |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | heat which is · gaskets, which are |
주의할 발음
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: camshaft /ˈkæmʃæft/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, compression /kəmˈpɹɛʃ.ən/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: aluminium /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.i.əm/, accurately /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt.li/, cylindrical /sɪˈlɪndɹɪkəl/, reciprocate /ɹɪˈsɪpɹəˌkeɪt/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: camshaft /ˈkæmʃæft/, manifold /ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/, forge /fɔɹd͡ʒ/, float /fləʊt/, fasten /ˈfæsn̩/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, vapor /ˈveɪpɚ/, ventilation /ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/, groove /ɡɹuv/, reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: exhaust /ɪɡˈzɔst/, manganese /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌniz/, reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, cylinder, piston, gasket 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.