跟读练习: Escharotomy - Burn Care Series - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Escarotomy The
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skin of a deep bone can become thickened, dry and tight.
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there is often swelling underneath the burn that worsens over time.
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If the burn encircles a limb or the torso or neck,
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it can act like a tourniquet and reduce circulation or restrict breathing.
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In these cases, an escharotomy needs to be done.
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This procedure cuts through the tight skin to release the constriction.
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This will restore circulation in the limbs or improve breathing in the chest.
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This video shows how to recognize the need for escarotomy and how to do it.
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There are two signs that indicate the need for escarotomy.
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First, the burn extends all the way around a limb, the torso, or the neck.
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In this patient, the white appearing skin is a full thickness burn encircling both arms.
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Second, circulation is reduced.
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This patient's hands are cold,
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his pulse is weak, Capillary refill is delayed,
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taking longer than three seconds for a fingernail to regain its pink colour, and he has pain in his arms.
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If the burn is on the torso, check for difficulty breathing.
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This man has burns encircling his arms and signs of reduced circulation.
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He needs an emergency escharotomy.
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Escharotomy is often done at the bedside with sedation, local anesthesia and simple instruments.
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Or if you have the facilities and the escharotomy will be extensive, it can be done under general anesthesia.
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Create a sterile field, clean the limbs with antiseptic, and spread sterile drapes beneath them.
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Next, mark where you will make the incisions.
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Refer to accurate escarotomy guidelines for where to cut to avoid underlying nerves and blood vessels.
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Mark a line on the inside of the arm and a notch to avoid the ulnar nerve.
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Mark a line on the outside of the arm.
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To avoid cutting into the median nerve, keep the arm straight.
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If the arm is flexed, it's easy to cut in the wrong place.
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If the medial or innermost line is drawn down the side of the bent arm, when the arm is straightened,
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the line is now in the middle of the arm, you will risk cutting the median nerve.
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The patient's limbs must be in the anatomical position with the arms straight and palms facing forward.
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Now the lines are drawn correctly down the lateral part of the arm, avoiding the median nerve.
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On the leg, mark an inside line and an outside line.
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To avoid the common perineal nerve of the lateral lower leg, mark in front of the knob of the fibula.
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The chest will need excisions to allow expansion in all directions.
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On the hand, mark lines for three incisions between the metacarpal bones from the knuckles to the wrist.
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If you are giving local anesthesia, inject along the marks you have drawn on the skin.
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Here's how to do an escarotomy.
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Use a scalpel or an electric coterie tool.
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Start and end your incision within an area of normal skin or superficial burn.
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Make your cuts right through the depth of the burned tissue into the fat layer below
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so that the constricting tissue springs apart.
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Once you have cut deep enough, the sides will spring apart.
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This can be a few centimeters wide.
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The limb should immediately feel softer and the pulse should become stronger.
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Expect some bleeding with the incisions.
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Use direct pressure and pack some gauze in the incision.
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Put sterile Vaseline gauze over the burn.
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Follow with an absorbent layer of cotton dressing and a stretchy wrap.
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Elevate the limbs above the level of the heart and continue to monitor for signs that further escarotomy may be needed.
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Remember, an escharotomy is needed if a burn encircles the limb, the torso, or the neck,
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and there is reduced circulation.
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Cut through to the fat layer along the lines that avoid major nerves and vessels.
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Thank you.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“Escharotomy - Burn Care Series”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：arm, burn, limb, nerve, mark。 这段视频共有 54 个句子、644 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 7:19。 说话人语速较慢，每分钟约 88 个词，你有足够的时间模仿每一个音。 只有 76% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| limb 名词 | /lɪm/ | 肢, 手腳 /手脚 |
| nerve 名词 | /nɝv/ | 神經 /神经 |
| layer 名词 | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | 層 /层 |
| breathe 动词 | /bɹiːð/ | 呼吸, 吸 |
| median 名词 | /ˈmiː.di.ən/ | 中線 /中线 |
| bone 名词 | /boʊn/ | гўдў, гўдўзы |
| tissue 名词 | /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ | 纸巾 |
| vessel 名词 | /ˈvɛsəl/ | 船隻 /船只, 船 |
| pulse 名词 | /pʌls/ | 脈 /脉, 脈搏 /脉搏 |
| refer 动词 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 談到 /谈到 |
| procedure 名词 | /pɹəˈsiː.d͡ʒə/ | 做法, 方法 |
| delay 名词 | /dɪˈleɪ̯/ | 遲延 /迟延, 延遲 /延迟 |
| monitor 名词 | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | 顯示器 /显示器 |
| cotton 名词 | /ˈkɑt.n̩/ | 棉花, 棉 |
| indicate 动词 | /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ | 表明, 表示 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| draw down 动词 | 放下, 降下 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | be done · is reduced · is delayed |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have drawn · have cut |
需要注意的发音
- “th” 音: breathe /bɹiːð/, beneath /bɪˈniːθ/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, thickness /ˈθɪknəs/, anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/, incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/, anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/, anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/, anatomical /æ.nəˈtɑ.mɪ.kəl/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: nerve /nɝv/, vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, elevate /ˈɛləveɪt/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: nerve /nɝv/, pulse /pʌls/, indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/, extend /ɛkˈstɛnd/, instrument /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: lateral /ˈlætəɹəl/, correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t).li/, sterile /ˈstɛɹəl/, perineal /ˌpɛɹɪˈniəl/, refill /ˈɹiː.fɪl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 limb, nerve, layer 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。