跟读练习: How China Built a Dam So Big It Slowed Down Planet Earth - 通过视频学习英语口语
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One morning, NASA scientists were sipping their coffee when they spotted something bizarre on their screens.
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The entire Earth had slowed down.
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Was it aliens or an asteroid?
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Nope.
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The culprit was engineers in China.
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They built such a wild dam across the unruly Yangtze River,
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piling so much water in one spot that our planet tilted and slowed down like someone carrying a heavy grocery bag.
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How did engineers mess with Earth's settings?
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Let's rewind to the beginning.
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Long before concrete or electricity existed, this story began with Asia's longest waterway, the mighty Yangtze River.
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Stretching 6 ,300 kilometers from freezing
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Tibetan glaciers down to the sea, its fertile banks fed Chinese dynasties for millennia.
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Yet, this generous lifeline had a nasty temper.
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Every summer, monsoon rains transformed the river into a runaway monster that swallowed farms and wiped whole towns off the map.
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4 ,000 years ago, legendary rulers like
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Yu the Great spent their entire lives digging dirt channels just to calm the river down.
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Yet, the Yangtze always struck back harder.
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In 1931 alone, relentless storms pushed the river over its banks, drowning an area the size of England.
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Millions lost their homes overnight, proving that mud levees and sandbags were no match for nature's fury.
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Back in 1919, revolutionary leader
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Sun Yat -sen stared at a narrow stretch of steep canyons called the Three Gorges and pitched an audacious idea,
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plug that rocky bottleneck with a dam to stop floods and generate electricity.
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Decades later in the 1950s, Mao Zedong swam across the Yangtze himself and wrote poems about stone walls holding back clouds,
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yet wars and poverty kept the dream on paper.
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Engineers also had terrifying reasons to think twice before blocking
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China's biggest river.
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In 1975, a super typhoon slammed central
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China and burst a smaller Bangqiao Dam, sending a wall of water through villages and claiming over 100 ,000 lives.
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Critics warned that building a far larger reservoir on the main Yangtze could become an unthinkable trap if war,
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earthquakes, or bad math ever cracked it open.
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For 40 noisy years, geologists, ecologists, and politicians argued over blueprints while testing every cliff along the canyon.
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Finally, in 1992, China's parliament put the Three Gorges project to a vote,
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sparking a rare rebellion where nearly one -third of all delegates refused to say yes.
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Even with tempers flaring, the government approved the plan.
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And in 1994, 40 ,000 workers marched then to reshape geography.
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Right out of the gate, builders faced a comical physics headache.
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How do you pour wet concrete into the middle of a roaring river without watching it wash straight into the ocean.
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Since nobody could politely ask the Yangtze to take a weekend break, crews blasted an open bypass channel along one shore,
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forcing the river to detour around the main construction zone.
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Next came an around -the -clock battle of brute force.
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Until November 1997, fleets of dump trucks hurled house -sized granite boulders into the churning water,
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pinching the river shut between two temporary stone walls called cofferdams.
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Giant pumps then sucked the trapped lagoon completely dry allowing engineers
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and muddy boots to walk across an ancient riverbed
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that hadn't seen sunlight in millions of years on
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that bare granite floor rose an absolute beast of engineering a solid gravity dam stretching 2 .3 kilometers wide
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and standing 185 meters tall instead of curving like a thin arch braced against canyon cliffs
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this wall relies on sheer stubborn weight to stand its ground packing 28 million cubic meters of concrete
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and enough structural steel to build 63 Eiffel Towers.
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Stacking that much wet cement created a sneaky chemical trap.
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As concrete hardens, internal reactions heated up like an oven to 50 degrees Celsius.
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Left alone, the core would take decades to cool and shatter like a hot glass dunked in cold water.
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So engineers blasted crushed rock with icy air before mixing, then threaded miles of cold water pipe straight through the wall like an industrial fridge.
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Of course, China didn't spend over $30 billion just to build an oversized garden fence.
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The real magic hides deep inside the dam's hollow halls.
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Workers lowered 32 enormous Francis turbines into place, each weighing hundreds of tons and wide enough to swallow a city bus.
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When plunging river water slams into those curved steel blades, raw gravity turns directly into clean electricity.
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Spinning together at peak flow, those 32 generators crank out 22 ,500 megawatts,
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matching the muscle of 22 nuclear power plants running side by side.
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Ultra -high voltage cables carry that surge over 1 ,000 kilometers east to keep neon -lit megacities like
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Shanghai humming day and night, sparing the sky tens of millions of tons of smoky coal exhaust every single year.
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Blocking China's busiest shipping lane, however, created an awkward traffic jam.
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How do 10 ,000 ton cargo freighters climb over a concrete wall as tall as a 50 -story skyscraper?
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Engineers answered by blasting a double five -level lock system straight out of solid granite mountainsides.
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Ships sail into chamber after chamber as towering steel gates swing shut, and rising water floats them upstairs over the dam.
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Climbing all five water steps takes roughly four hours which felt painfully slow for passenger ferries and urgent deliveries
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so in 2016 engineers unveiled something straight out of an animated sci -fi movie
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the world's largest ship elevator vessels weighing up to 3 000 tons float into a water -filled steel basin
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and thick cables hoist boat crew and water 113 meters vertically in 40 minutes
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While ships rode elevators up front, closing the floodgates quietly drowned an entire world upstream.
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As water climbed to 175 meters above sea level, a narrow canyon morphed into a 600 -kilometer artificial lake.
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Slowly disappearing beneath the murky green surface were 13 full -size cities, 140 towns, 1 ,300 villages,
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fertile orange groves, and cliffside temples carved 2 ,000 years ago.
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Before the waves rolled in, nearly 1 .4 million citizens had to pack their lives into cardboard boxes, watch demolition crews flatten their childhood neighborhoods,
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and move into brand new concrete towns higher up the hills.
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Meanwhile, cleanup teams raced furiously to empty more than 1 ,600 old factories, mines, and landfills sitting on the valley floor,
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before rising water turned the reservoir into chemical soup.
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When the reservoir finally topped out, 39 billion tons of water sat suspended high above sea level,
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bringing us right back to those spilled coffees at NASA.
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By lifting so much weight away from Earth's core, China triggered the exact physics of a spinning figure skater opening their arms.
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Our planet's rotation slowed, lengthening every day by 0 .06 microseconds and nudging
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Earth's axis 2 centimeters.
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Down beneath China's feet, parking 39 billion tons of liquid over ancient rock fractures came with serious side effects.
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Thousands of small tremors rattled nearby fault lines, while soggy canyon cliffs began sliding into the water.
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At the same time, the wall traps millions of tons of fertile mud each year, starving downstream wetlands and pushing rare Yangtze wildlife,
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like the smiling finless porpoise dangerously close to vanishing.
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A few years ago, internet rumors exploded when a warped satellite picture went viral,
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making the straight dam look bent like a soft noodle ready to snap.
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Space agencies quickly explained it was just a glitchy photo -stitching error from a passing satellite, not bending concrete.
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Months later in 2020, record monsoon floods slammed the reservoir at 75 million liters per second, and the wall held firm.
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Today, wild climate swings test this giant from both extremes, forcing operators to hold back angry summer floods one year,
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then ration precious water during blistering droughts the next.
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Over a century after it started as a daydream on a map, the Three Gorges Dam stands as humanity's boldest gamble with Mother Nature.
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A structure big enough to power megacities, swallow ancient history, and literally slow down planet Earth.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“How China Built a Dam So Big It Slowed Down Planet Earth”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：river, wall, Yangtze, dam, ton。 这段视频共有 94 个句子、1271 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 8:16。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 154 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 64% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| concrete 形容词 | /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/ | 切實的 /切实的, 具體的 /具体的 |
| ton 名词 | /tʌn/ | 噸 /吨, 公噸 /公吨 |
| trap 名词 | /tɹæp/ | 陷阱, 圈套 |
| meter 名词 | /ˈmitəɹ/ | 計量表 /计量表 |
| canyon 名词 | /ˈkænjən/ | 峽谷 /峡谷 |
| reservoir 名词 | /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/ | 儲備 /储备 |
| stretch 动词 | /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ | 伸展, 拉 |
| flood 名词 | /flʌd/ | 洪水, 洪災 /洪灾 |
| climb 动词 | /ˈklaɪ̯m/ | 登 |
| cliff 名词 | /klɪf/ | 峭壁, 懸崖 /悬崖 |
| granite 名词 | /ˈɡɹæn.ɪt/ | 花崗石 /花岗石, 花崗岩 /花岗岩 |
| fertile 形容词 | /ˈfɝːtəl/ | 肥沃 |
| chamber 名词 | /ˈt͡ʃeɪ̯mbɚ/ | 臥室 /卧室, 寢室 /寝室 |
| gate 名词 | /ˈɡeɪ̯t/ | 門口 /门口, 門 /门 |
| narrow 形容词 | /ˈnæɹəʊ/ | 窄 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| slow down 动词 | 減速 /减速, 放慢 |
| heat up 动词 | 加熱 /加热 |
需要注意的发音
- “th” 音: beneath /bɪˈniːθ/, thin /ˈθɪn/, thick /θɪk/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shore /ʃɔɹ/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, structural /ˈstɹʌk(t͡)ʃəɹəl/, crush /kɹʌʃ/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/, artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/, legendary /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənˌdɛɹ.i/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/, gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/, poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, vessel /ˈvɛsəl/, overnight /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: concrete /ˌkɑnˈkɹit/, trap /tɹæp/, stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/, flood /flʌd/, cliff /klɪf/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/, rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/, legendary /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənˌdɛɹ.i/, ultra /ˈʌltɹə/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 concrete, ton, trap 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。