跟读练习: How Radioactive Are Your Teeth? - 通过视频学习英语口语
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1
How radioactive are your teeth?
2
In the 1950s, American dentists collecting baby teeth found that they were dangerously radioactive and levels were rising every year.
3
This is bad news.
4
Radioactive teeth means radioactive bones.
5
Where was all this radioactivity coming from?
6
Not from their neighborhood, but nuclear weapons testing thousands of miles away.
7
As tensions escalated in the Cold War, The United States and the Soviet Union designed increasingly powerful nuclear weapons, many of which were detonated on their own soil.
8
Nuclear fission produces dozens of nuclei, most of which are radioactive themselves.
9
Atmospheric tests at the Nevada test site carried radioactive debris east where it would fall out of the air onto pasture.
10
Cows would eat this grass, making their milk slightly radioactive.
11
When this milk is given to children, radioactive elements are built into bones and teeth, accumulate in the thyroid and are incorporated into every cell.
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When a radioactive nucleus decays in the body, it spits out high-energy particles, which break chemical bonds in cells,
13
mutate DNA, and ultimately cause cancers like leukemia.
14
And there were lots of tests.
15
Altogether, over 2,000 nuclear weapons have been detonated, more than 500 of them above ground,
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spreading the radioactive fallout of 545 megatons of explosions.
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And there's no cleaning it up.
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This fallout is everywhere in the environment, causing cancers and potentially killing as many or more than the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
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Ultimately, the discovery of radioactive teeth convinced the US and Soviet Union to sign the partial test ban treaty,
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so the good news is that above-ground testing mostly stopped during the Cold War, and the dangerous radioactive nuclei are slowly decaying away.
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But many of these nuclei have half-lives of decades to centuries, so even people born today, long after testing has stopped,
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may be killed by the fallout from last century's tests.
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While testing has mostly stopped, it could return unless the nuclear weapons states formally adopt a UN treaty to ban it.
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You have a choice.
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You can demand that the governments of the world ban nuclear testing and even nuclear weapons, or you can look in the mirror and ask yourself...
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“How Radioactive Are Your Teeth?”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：radioactive, nuclear, teeth, testing, weapons。 这段视频共有 25 个句子、359 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 2:15。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 160 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 79% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| radioactive 形容词 | /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/ | 放射性 |
| nucleus 名词 | /ˈnuː.kli.əs/ | 核心, 核 |
| fallout 名词 | /ˈfɔlˌaʊt/ | 落下, 下降 |
| detonate 动词 | /ˈdɛtəneɪt/ | 爆炸 |
| accumulate 动词 | /əˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪt/ | 積累 /积累 |
| dangerously 副词 | 危險地 /危险地 | |
| escalate 动词 | /ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/ | 升級 /升级, 升高 |
| fission 名词 | /ˈfɪʃən/ | 分裂 |
| leukemia 名词 | /luːˈkiːmi.ə/ | 白血病, 血癌 |
| megaton 名词 | /ˈmɛɡəˌtʌn/ | 兆噸 /兆吨 |
| mutate 动词 | /ˈmju.teɪt/ | 變異 /变异 |
| pasture 名词 | /ˈpæst͡ʃəɹ/ | 牧場 /牧场, 牧草地 |
| radioactivity 名词 | /ˌreɪdɪəʊakˈtɪvɪti/ | 放射性 |
| thyroid 形容词 | /ˈθaɪ.ɹɔɪd/ | 甲狀腺的 /甲状腺的 |
| spit 动词 | /spɪt/ | 吐痰, 吐 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | were detonated · is given · have been detonated |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have been detonated · has stopped |
需要注意的发音
- “th” 音: thyroid /ˈθaɪ.ɹɔɪd/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/, accumulate /əˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪt/, leukemia /luːˈkiːmi.ə/, radioactivity /ˌreɪdɪəʊakˈtɪvɪti/, atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 radioactive, nucleus, fallout 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。